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{{Politics of New York}}
'''Electoral reform in New York''' refers to efforts to [[electoral reform|change the voting and election laws]] in [[New York (state)|New York]] State.  In 2021, the New York State Legislature asked New York state voters their opinion through referendums on ballot proposals, all of which were denied by voters.

==Alternate voting systems==
In a 1936 referendum, voters in [[New York City]] voted in favour of the adoption of the [[single transferable vote]] method of [[proportional representation]]. The adoption of STV produced more balanced representation.

In the election immediately preceding STV's adoption, the Democrats won 95.3% of the seats on the Board of Aldermen with only 66.5% of the vote. In 1941, proportional representation gave the Democrats 65.5% of the seats on 64% of the vote, with the Republicans and three smaller parties also gaining seats in proportion to their voting strength.<ref>[http://www.fairvote.org/?page=647 A Brief History of Full Representation in the United States], Douglas J. Amy, Department of Politics, Mount Holyoke College, Representation 34, number 1 (Winter 1996/7).</ref> 

PR was repealed after the 1947 election. Despite NYC thereafter not using proportional representation, and thus small parties losing the ability to elect minority representation, the [[Conservative Party of New York|Conservative Party]], [[Liberal Party of New York|Liberal Party]] and Working Families Party continue to participate in elections through [[electoral fusion]].

As of 2021, the primaries for NY City mayoral candidates are being conducted using ranked-choice voting ([[Instant-runoff voting]]).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2021/06/29/more-u-s-locations-experimenting-with-alternative-voting-systems/ | title=More U.S. Locations experimenting with alternative voting systems | date=29 June 2021 }}</ref>

==Expansion of the electorate==
New York [[felony disenfranchisement|disenfranchises felons]] both while they are in prison and while they are on parole. The [[Sentencing Project]] favors restoring these rights. New York allows [[absentee ballot]]s for "registered voters who cannot make it to the polls on Election Day because of occupation, business, studies, travel, imprisonment (other than a convicted felon), illness, disability and hospitalization or resident in a long term care facility".<ref>[http://vote.nyc.ny.us/absentee.html Absentee Voting], Board of Elections in the City of New York.</ref>

==Allocation of electoral votes==
In both 2006 and 2007, bills were introduced in the [[New York Legislature]] to join the [[National Popular Vote Interstate Compact]] and award the state's 31 electoral votes to the winner of the nationwide popular vote. The majority in the Legislature voted against both proposals. The legislation did pass in 2014, and New York joined the compact.<ref>{{cite web|title=Governor Cuomo Signs Legislation Adding New York State to the National Popular Vote Compact|url=http://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-signs-legislation-adding-new-york-state-national-popular-vote-compact|accessdate=12 August 2015}}</ref>

==Ballot access==
{{main|Qualified New York Parties}}
Reformers would like to see the ballot access laws loosened.

Currently, a new party or independent candidate may gain ballot access for one election by collecting a set number of petition signatures for each office (or 5 percent of the votes cast for governor in the most recent election in the jurisdiction, if that is lower). A new party that wins 130,000 votes or 2% of the vote in the previous [[New York gubernatorial elections|gubernatorial election]] or [[United States presidential elections in New York|presidential election]] is recognized statewide as a political party and qualifies to participate in primary elections for two years. This total can be and often is obtained through [[electoral fusion]]. Candidates may gain access to primary election ballots by being "designated" by a relevant committee of the party or collecting signatures equal to 5 percent of the party's enrollment in the jurisdiction, up to a set number for each office. A candidate seeking the nomination of a party to which she or he does not belong &ndash; e.g. for purposes of fusion &ndash; must be authorized by a relevant committee of the party. 

== 2021 ballot proposals ==
{{See also|2021 New York state elections}}
During the [[2021 New York state elections]], state voters voted on several ballot proposals.  Ballot proposals #1 ("Making Various Changes to Redistricting Process"), #3 ("Allow Legislature to Pass Some-Day Voter Registration"), and #4 ("Allow Legislature to Pass No-Excuse Absentee Voting"), were all related to electoral reform.  In accordance with the [[New York State Constitution]], a referendum must be given before the [[New York State Assembly]] moved for reforms.  All the above proposals were rejected by voters.  

The results were as follows:<ref name="NYSBoE-Unofficial">{{Cite web|title=NYS Board of Elections Unofficial Election Night Results|url=https://nyenr.elections.ny.gov/Home.aspx|access-date=November 9, 2021|website=NY State Board of Elections}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite news|date=November 2, 2021|title=New York Election Results|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/11/02/us/elections/results-nyc-mayor.html|access-date=November 9, 2021}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=New York 2021 ballot measures|url=https://ballotpedia.org/New_York_2021_ballot_measures|access-date=November 9, 2021|website=Ballotpedia|language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+2021 New York State ballot proposal results<ref name="NYSBoE-Unofficial" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":10" />
! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Question
! colspan="2" scope="col" |For
! colspan="2" scope="col" |Against
! colspan="2" scope="col" |Blank
! colspan="2" scope="col" |Void
! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Total votes
! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Registered voters
! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Turnout
! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Result
|-
! scope="col" |Votes
! scope="col" | %
! scope="col" |Votes
! scope="col" | %
! scope="col" |Votes
! scope="col" | %
! scope="col" |Votes
! scope="col" | %
|-
! scope="row" |'''Proposal 1''': Make Various Changes to Redistricting Process
|1,202,106
|38.42%
|'''1,518,442'''
|'''48.53%'''
|406,974
|13.01%
|1,236
|0.04%
|3,128,758
| rowspan="3" |12,318,347
|25.399%
|'''Rejected'''
|-
! scope="row" |'''Proposal 3''': Allow Legislature to Pass Same-Day Voter Registration
|1,179,674
|37.67%
|'''1,608,177'''
|'''51.35%'''
|342,222
|10.93%
|1,831
|0.06%
|3,131,904
|25.424%
|'''Rejected'''
|-
! scope="row" |'''Proposal 4''': Allow Legislature to Pass No-Excuse Absentee Voting
|1,208,664
|38.60%
|'''1,568,895'''
|'''50.10%'''
|352,129
|11.24%
|1,841
|0.06%
|3,131,529
|25.421%
|'''Rejected'''
|}

==See also==
* [[Electoral reform in the United States]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.fairvote.org/?page=932 Fairvote New York].

{{U.S. political divisions electoral reform}}

[[Category:Electoral reform in the United States by state|New York]]
[[Category:Politics of New York (state)]]

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