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{{Short description|Maghrebi Arabic dialect spoken by Mauritanians and Sahrawi}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox language
| name             = Hassaniya
| altname          = Mauritanian Arabic
| nativename       = {{lang|mey|حسانية}} (''{{transl|ar|ALA|Ḥassānīya}}'')
| ethnicity        = {{ubl
  | [[Arabs]]
  | [[Arab-Berbers]] ([[Sahrawi people|Sahrawis]]; [[Beidane]])
  | [[Haratins]]
  | [[Nemadi dialect|Nemadis]]
  | [[Imraguen people|Imraguen]]
  }}
| states           = Southwestern [[Algeria]], Northwestern [[Mali]], [[Mauritania]], southern [[Morocco]], Northern [[Niger]], [[Western Sahara]]
| nation           = {{flag|Mali}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2023/mali-jo-2023-13-sp-2.pdf |title=JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE DU MALI SECRETARIAT GENERAL DU GOUVERNEMENT - DECRET N°2023-0401/PT-RM DU 22 JUILLET 2023 PORTANT PROMULGATION DE LA CONSTITUTION |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=22 July 2023 |website=sgg-mali.ml |access-date=26 July 2023 |quote=Article 31 : Les langues nationales sont les langues officielles du Mali.}}</ref>
| minority         = {{flag|Morocco}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Morocco 2011 Constitution, Article 5|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Morocco_2011?lang=en|access-date=2021-07-18|website=www.constituteproject.org|language=en}}</ref>
| speakers         = {{sigfig|5.206980|2}} million
| date             = 2014–2021
| ref              = e27
| speakers2        = 
| speakers_label   = Speakers
| familycolor      = Afro-Asiatic
| fam2             = [[Semitic languages|Semitic]]
| fam3             = [[West Semitic languages|West Semitic]]
| fam4             = [[Central Semitic languages|Central Semitic]]
| fam5             = [[Varieties of Arabic|Arabic]]
| fam6             = [[Maghrebi Arabic|Maghrebi]]
| fam7             = [[Hilalian dialects|Hilalian]]
| script           = [[Arabic alphabet]], [[Latin alphabet]] (in [[Senegal]])
| iso3             = mey
| glotto           = hass1238
| glottorefname    = Hassaniyya
| dia1             = [[Nemadi dialect|Nemadi]]
| dia2             = [[Imraguen dialect|Imraguen]]
| map              = Hassaniya_Arabic_Map.svg
| mapcaption       = Current distribution of the Hassaniya language.
| notice           = IPA
}}

'''Hassaniya Arabic''' ({{langx|ar|حسانية|Ḥassānīya}}; also known as '''{{transl|ar|Hassaniyya|i=no}}''', '''{{transl|ar|Klem El Bithan|i=no}}''', '''{{transl|ar|Hassani|i=no}}''', '''{{transl|ar|Hassaniya|i=no}}''', and '''Maure''') is a [[Varieties of Arabic|variety]] of [[Maghrebi Arabic]] spoken by [[Mauritania]]n and [[Mali]]an Arabs and the [[Sahrawis|Sahrawi people]]. It was spoken by the [[Beni Ḥassān]] Bedouin tribes of [[Yemen]]i origin who extended their authority over most of [[Mauritania]] and [[Western Sahara]] between the 15th and 17th centuries. Hassaniya Arabic was the language spoken in the pre-modern region around [[Chinguetti]].

The language has completely replaced the [[Berber languages]] that were originally spoken in this region. Although clearly a western dialect, Hassānīya is relatively distant from other Maghrebi variants of Arabic. Its geographical location exposed it to influence from [[Zenaga language|Zenaga-Berber]] and [[Pulaar language|Pulaar]]. There are several dialects of Hassaniya, which differ primarily phonetically. There are still traces of [[Old South Arabian|South Arabian]] in Hassaniya Arabic spoken between [[Río de Oro|Rio de Oro]] and [[Timbuktu]], according to G. S. Colin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Norris |first=H. T. |date=1962 |title=Yemenis in the Western Sahara |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/179754 |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=317–322 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700003194 |jstor=179754 |issn=0021-8537}}</ref>

Today, Hassaniya Arabic is spoken in [[Algeria]], [[Morocco]], [[Mauritania]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Mali]], [[Niger]], [[Senegal]] and the [[Western Sahara]].

== Phonology ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2024}}

The phonological system of Hassānīya exhibits both very innovative and very conservative features. All phonemes of [[Classical Arabic]] are represented in the dialect, but there are also many new phonemes. As in other [[Varieties of Arabic#Typological differences|Bedouin dialects]], Classical /q/ corresponds mostly to dialectal {{IPA|/ɡ/}}; {{IPA|/dˤ/}} and {{IPA|/ðˤ/}} have merged into {{IPA|/ðˤ/}}; and the [[Interdental consonant|interdentals]] {{IPA|/θ/}} and {{IPA|/ð/}} have been preserved. The letter ج {{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}} is realized as {{IPA|/ʒ/}}.

However, there is sometimes a double correspondence of a classical sound and its dialectal counterpart. Thus, classical {{IPA|/q/}} is represented by {{IPA|/ɡ/}} in {{IPA|/ɡbaðˤ/}} 'to take' but by {{IPA|/q/}} in {{IPA|/mqass/}} 'scissors'. Similarly, {{IPA|/dˤ/}} becomes {{IPA|/ðˤ/}} in {{IPA|/ðˤəħk/}} 'laugh (noun)', but {{IPA|/dˤ/}} in {{IPA|/mrˤədˤ/}} 'to be sick'. Some consonant roots even have a double appearance: {{IPA|/θaqiːl/}} 'heavy (mentally)' vs. {{IPA|/θɡiːl/}} 'heavy (materially)'. Some of the "classicizing" forms are easily explained as recent loans from the literary language (such as {{IPA|/qaː.nuːn/}} 'law') or from sedentary dialects in case of concepts pertaining to the sedentary way of life (such as {{IPA|/mqass/}} 'scissors' above). For others, there is no obvious explanation (like {{IPA|/mrˤədˤ/}} 'to be sick'). Etymological {{IPA|/ðˤ/}} appears constantly as {{IPA|/ðˤ/}}, never as {{IPA|/dˤ/}}.

Nevertheless, the phonemic status of {{IPA|/q/}} and {{IPA|/dˤ/}} as well as {{IPA|/ɡ/}} and {{IPA|/ðˤ/}} appears very stable, unlike in many other Arabic varieties.  Somewhat similarly, classical {{IPA|/ʔ/}} has in most contexts disappeared or turned into {{IPA|/w/}} or {{IPA|/j/}} ({{IPA|/ahl/}} 'family' instead of {{IPA|/ʔahl/}}, {{IPA|/wak.kad/}} 'insist' instead of {{IPA|/ʔak.kad/}} and {{IPA|/jaː.məs/}} 'yesterday' instead of {{IPA|/ʔams/}}). In some literary terms, however, it is clearly preserved: {{IPA|/mət.ʔal.lam/}} 'suffering (participle)' (classical {{IPA|/mu.ta.ʔal.lim/}}).

=== Consonants ===

Hassānīya has innovated many consonants by the spread of the distinction ''emphatic/non-emphatic''. In addition to the above-mentioned, {{IPA|/rˤ/}} and {{IPA|/lˤ/}} have a clear phonemic status and {{IPA|/bˤ fˤ ɡˤ mˤ nˤ/}} more marginally so. One additional emphatic phoneme {{IPA|/zˤ/}} is acquired from the neighboring [[Zenaga language|Zenaga Berber language]] along with a whole palatal series {{IPA|/c ɟ ɲ/}} from [[Niger–Congo languages]] of the south. At least some speakers make the distinction /p/–/b/ through borrowings from [[French language|French]] (and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] in Western Sahara). All in all, the number of consonant phonemes in Hassānīya is 31, or 43 counting the marginal cases.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Consonant phonemes of Hassaniya Arabic
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[Dental fricative|Interdental]]
! colspan="2" | [[Dental consonant|Dental]]/[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Pharyngeal consonant|Pharyngeal]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|- style="font-size: 80%;"
! plain
! [[Emphatic consonant|emphatic]]
! plain
! [[Emphatic consonant|emphatic]]
! &nbsp;plain&nbsp;
! [[Emphatic consonant|emphatic]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| {{IPA link|m}}
| {{IPA link|m|mˤ}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|n}}
| ({{IPA link|nˤ}})
| {{IPA link|ɲ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" style="text-align: left;" | [[Stop consonant|Stop]]
! style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" | [[Voiceless consonant|voiceless]]
| ({{IPA link|p}})
|
|
|
| {{IPA link|t}}
| {{IPA link|tˤ}}
| {{IPA link|c}}
| {{IPA link|k}}
| {{IPA link|q}}
|
| ({{IPA link|ʔ}}) 
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" | [[Voiced consonant|voiced]]
| {{IPA link|b}}
| {{IPA link|b|bˤ}}
|
|
| {{IPA link|d}}
| {{IPA link|dˤ}}
| {{IPA link|ɟ}}
| {{IPA link|ɡ}}
| ({{IPA link|gˤ}})
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" | [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ({{IPA link|t͡ʃ}})
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" style="text-align: left;" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" | [[Voiceless consonant|voiceless]]
| {{IPA link|f}}
|
| {{IPA link|θ}}
|
| {{IPA link|s}}
| {{IPA link|sˤ}}
| {{IPA link|ʃ}}
|
| {{IPA link|χ}}
| {{IPA link|ħ}}
| {{IPA link|h}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; font-size: 80%;" | [[Voiced consonant|voiced]]
| {{IPA link|v}}
|({{IPA link|vˤ}})
| {{IPA link|ð}}
| {{IPA link|ðˤ}}
| {{IPA link|z}}
| {{IPA link|zˤ}}
| {{IPA link|ʒ}}
|
| {{IPA link|ʁ}}
| {{IPA link|ʕ}}
|
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" | [[Trill consonant|Trill]]
|
|
|
|
| {{IPA link|r|r}}
| {{IPA link|ˤ|rˤ}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" | [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|
|
|
|
| {{IPA link|l}}
| {{IPA link|lˤ}}
| {{IPA link|j}}
| {{IPA link|w}}
|
|
|
|}

On the phonetic level, the classical consonants {{IPA|/f/}} and {{IPA|/θ/}} are usually realised as voiced {{IPA|[v]}} (hereafter marked {{IPA|/v/}}) and {{IPA|[θ̬]}}. The latter is still, however, pronounced differently from {{IPA|/ð/}}, the distinction probably being in the amount of air blown out (Cohen 1963: 13–14). In geminated and word-final positions both phonemes are voiceless, for some speakers /θ/ apparently in all positions. The uvular fricative {{IPA|/ʁ/}} is likewise realised voiceless in a geminated position, although not fricative but plosive: {{IPA|[qː]}}. In other positions, etymological {{IPA|/ʁ/}} seems to be in free variation with {{IPA|/q/}} (etymological {{IPA|/q/}}, however varies only with {{IPA|/ɡ/}}).

=== Vowels ===
Vowel phonemes come in two series: long and short. The long vowels are the same as in [[Classical Arabic]] {{IPA|/aː iː uː/}}, and the short ones extend this by one: {{IPA|/a i u ə/}}. The classical diphthongs {{IPA|/aj/}} and {{IPA|/aw/}} may be realised in many different ways, the most usual variants being {{IPA|[eːʲ]}} and {{IPA|[oːʷ]}}, respectively. Still, realisations like {{IPA|[aj]}} and {{IPA|[aw]}} as well as {{IPA|[eː]}} and {{IPA|[oː]}} are possible, although less common.

As in most Maghrebi Arabic dialects, etymological short vowels are generally dropped in [[Syllable#Structure|open syllables]] (except for the feminine noun ending {{IPA|/-a/}} < {{IPA|/-ah/}}): {{IPA|*/tak.tu.biː/}} > {{IPA|/tə.ktbi/}} 'you (f. sg.) write', {{IPA|*/ka.ta.ba/}} > {{IPA|*/ka.tab/}} > {{IPA|/ktəb/}} 'he wrote'. In the remaining closed syllables dialectal /a/ generally corresponds to classical {{IPA|/a/}}, while classical {{IPA|/i/}} and {{IPA|/u/}} have merged into {{IPA|/ə/}}. Remarkably, however, morphological {{IPA|/j/}} is represented by {{IPA|[i]}} and {{IPA|/w/}} by {{IPA|[u]}} in a word-initial pre-consonantal position: {{IPA|/u.ɡəft/}} 'I stood up' (root ''w-g-f''; cf. {{IPA|/ktəbt/}} 'I wrote', root ''k-t-b''), {{IPA|/i.naɡ.ɡaz/}} 'he descends' (subject prefix ''i-''; cf. {{IPA|/jə.ktəb/}} 'he writes', subject prefix ''jə-''). In some contexts, this initial vowel even gets lengthened, which clearly demonstrates its phonological status of a vowel: {{IPA|/uːɡ.vu/}} 'they stood up'. In addition, short vowels {{IPA|/a i/}} in open syllables are found in Berber loanwords, such as {{IPA|/a.raː.ɡaːʒ/}} 'man', {{IPA|/i.vuː.kaːn/}} 'calves of 1 to 2 years of age', and {{IPA|/u/}} in passive formation: {{IPA|/u.ɡaː.bəl/}} 'he was met' (cf. {{IPA|/ɡaː.bəl/}} 'he met').

== Code-switching ==
Many educated Hassaniya Arabic speakers also practice [[code-switching]]. In Western Sahara it is common for code-switching to occur between Hassaniya Arabic, [[Modern Standard Arabic]], and [[Spanish language|Spanish]], as [[Spain]] had [[Spanish Sahara|previously controlled this region]]; in the rest of Hassaniya-speaking lands, French is the additional language spoken.

== Orthography ==
Hassaniya Arabic is normally written with an [[Arabic script]]. However, in [[Senegal]], the government has adopted the use of the [[Latin script]] to write the language, as established by Decree 2005–980 of October 21, 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jo.gouv.sn/spip.php?article4790 |title=Decret n° 2005-980 du 21 octobre 2005 |access-date=2021-12-10 |archive-date=2015-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092122/http://www.jo.gouv.sn/spip.php?article4790 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"
|-
!colspan="37"| Hassaniya Arabic alphabet (Senegal)
|-
| [[A (letter)|A]] || [[B (letter)|B]] || [[C (letter)|C]] || [[D (letter)|D]] || [[Ḍ]] || [[E (letter)|E]]
| [[Ë]] || [[F (letter)|F]] || [[G (letter)|G]] || [[H (letter)|H]] || [[Ḥ]] || [[I (letter)|I]] || [[J (letter)|J]]
| [[K (letter)|K]] || [[L (letter)|L]] || [[M (letter)|M]] || [[N (letter)|N]] || [[Ñ]] || [[O (letter)|O]]
| [[Q (letter)|Q]] || [[R (letter)|R]] || [[S (letter)|S]] || [[Ṣ]] || [[Ŝ]] || [[T (letter)|T]]
| [[Ṭ]] || [[Ŧ]] || [[U (letter)|U]] || [[V (letter)|V]] || [[W (letter)|W]] || [[X (letter)|X]]
| [[Ẋ]] || [[Y (letter)|Y]] || [[Z (letter)|Z]] || [[Ż]] || [[Ẓ]] || [[ʔ]]
|-
| a || b || c || d || ḍ || e
| ë || f || g || h || ḥ || i || j
| k || l || m || n || ñ || o
| q || r || s || ṣ || ŝ || t
| ṭ || ŧ || u || v || w || x
| ẋ || y || z || ż || ẓ || ʼ
|}

== Speakers distribution ==
According to ''[[Ethnologue]]'', there are approximately three million Hassaniya speakers, distributed as follows:

* [[Mauritania]]: 2,770,000 (2006) 
* [[Western Sahara]] and the southern area of [[Morocco]], known as the '''[[Tekna]] zone''': 200,000+ (1995) 
* [[Mali]]: 175,800 – 210,000 (2000) 
* [[Senegal]]: 162,000 (2015) 
* [[Algeria]]: 150,000 (1985) 
* [[Libya]]: 40,000 (1985) 
* [[Niger]]: 10,000 (1998)

== See also ==
{{Portal|Languages|Africa}}
*[[Varieties of Arabic]] 
*[[Nemadi dialect]] 
*[[Imraguen people]]

== References ==
{{More footnotes needed|date=July 2024}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Notelist}}
* {{cite book |author1=Cohen, David  |author2=el Chennafi, Mohammed |title=Le dialecte arabe {{transl|ar|ḥassānīya}} de Mauritanie (parler de la Gəbla) |location=Paris |publisher=Librairie C. Klincksieck |year=1963 |isbn=2-252-00150-X}}
* "Hassaniya, the Arabic of Mauritania", Al-Any, Riyadh S. / In: ''Linguistics''; vol. 52 (1969), pag. 15 / 1969 	
* "Hassaniya, the Arabic of Mauritania", Al-Any, Riyadh S. / In: ''Studies in linguistics''; vol. 19 (1968), afl. 1 (mrt), pag. 19 / 1968
* "Hassaniya Arabic (Mali) : Poetic and Ethnographic Texts", Heath, Jeffrey; Kaye, Alan S. / In: ''Journal of Near Eastern studies''; vol. 65 (2006), afl. 3, pag. 218 (1) / 2006
* ''Hassaniya Arabic (Mali) : poetic and ethnographic texts'', Heath, Jeffrey / Harrassowitz / 2003
* ''Hassaniya Arabic (Mali) – English – French dictionary'', Heath, Jeffrey / Harrassowitz / 2004
*Taine-Cheikh, Catherine. 2006. Ḥassāniya Arabic. In Kees Versteegh (ed.), Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, 240–250. Leiden: E.~J.~Brill.

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|d=Q56231|wikt=Hassaniya|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|s=no|q=no|m=no|mw=no|species=no|c=no}}{{Incubator|mey}}
*[https://omniglot.com/writing/arabic_hassaniya.htm Hassaniya Arabic] at [[Omniglot]]
{{navboxes|
|list =
{{Varieties of Arabic}}
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{{Languages of Mali}}
{{Languages of Mauritania}}
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}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hassaniya Arabic}}
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Template:Sister project/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sister project links (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Small (view source) (protected)
Template:Smaller (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Str index (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Str len (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Template other (view source) (protected)
Template:Transl (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Transliteration (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ubl (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Unbulleted list (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Unreferenced (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Unreferenced section (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Varieties of Arabic (edit)
Template:Wrap (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/auxiliary (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Commons link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Endangered Languages Project (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Exponential search (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:IPA (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:IPA symbol (view source) (extended confirmed protected)
Module:IPA symbol/data (view source) (extended confirmed protected)
Module:Icon (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Icon/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:If empty (view source) (protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/langx (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:List (view source) (protected)
Module:Math (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navboxes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/rfd (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Portal (view source) (protected)
Module:Portal/images/a (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/images/aliases (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/images/l (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sister project links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sister project links/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sister project links/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data/scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassaniya_Arabic"