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== Biography ==
== Biography ==
His date of birth is unknown, as it was unknown even by José de Molina himself, however, it is estimated to be around 1938. It is said that he was the son of a single mother and domestic employee, who died when he was about three years old. Molina was therefore adopted by his mother's employers, people of high social status. However, at the age of twelve, he decided to run away from his adoptive parents' mansion in [[Hermosillo, Sonora]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-11-16 |date=2017-10-05 |language=es |title=Recordando a José de Molina: La libertad de un hombre coherente - Revista Marvin |url=https://marvin.com.mx/recordando-jose-molina-la-libertad-hombre-coherente/ |website=marvin.com.mx}}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
His date of birth is unknown, even , however, it is estimated to be around 1938. It is said that he was the son of a single mother and domestic employee, who died when he was about three years old. Molina was therefore adopted by his mother's employers, people of high social status. However, at the age of twelve, he decided to run away from his adoptive parents' mansion in [[Hermosillo, Sonora]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2024-11-16 |date=2017-10-05 |language=es |title=Recordando a José de Molina: La libertad de un hombre coherente - Revista Marvin |url=https://marvin.com.mx/recordando-jose-molina-la-libertad-hombre-coherente/ |website=marvin.com.mx}}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>


From a political point of view, he never joined any political party, as he did not believe in the electoral process as a source of the radical changes that the country needed. He worked in his beginnings as a farmer, worker, journalist, actor and salesman, among other trades. These experiences would later be reflected in his work, of [[Socialism|socialist]] tendency, endowing it with a characteristic rebelliousness and irreverence.
From a political point of view, he never joined any political party, as he did not believe in the electoral process as a source of the radical changes that the country needed. He worked in his beginnings as a farmer, worker, journalist, actor and salesman, among other trades. These experiences would later be reflected in his work, of [[Socialism|socialist]] tendency, endowing it with a characteristic rebelliousness and irreverence.


José de Molina was able to survive the [[Tlatelolco massacre|Tlatelolco Massacre of October the 2nd]] and the [[El Halconazo|El Halconazo on June 10th, 1971]]. He was a victim of threats, kidnapping and even beatings by the Mexican political police. The political power tried to buy him, but he never fell into temptation, trying to lead a life consistent with his ideas. He considered himself a [[Libertarian socialism|libertarian socialist]], since he did not believe in caudillismos, gods, or masters and thought that every state-government eventually corrupts and becomes despotic, repressive and tyrannical, regardless of wether it was left wing or right wing.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-13 |title=09an1esp |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213060635/https://www.jornada.com.mx/2001/11/04/09an1esp.html |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
José de Molina was able to survive the [[Tlatelolco massacre|Tlatelolco Massacre of October the 2nd]] and the [[El Halconazo|El Halconazo on June 10th, 1971]]. He was a victim of threats, kidnapping and even beatings by the Mexican political police. The political power tried to buy him, but he never fell into temptation, trying to lead a life consistent with his ideas. He considered himself a [[Libertarian socialism|libertarian socialist]], since he did not believe in caudillismos, gods, or masters and thought that every state-government eventually corrupts and becomes despotic, repressive and tyrannical, regardless of wether it was left wing or right wing.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-13 |title=09an1esp |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213060635/https://www.jornada.com.mx/2001/11/04/09an1esp.html |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref>


In the 90's, the marginalization against this singer-songwriter became more acute, which is why he would call for events to be organized in neighborhoods, unions and auditoriums in order to break the siege of silence that surrounded him. Possibly, during that time, he was the best known popular urban protest composer in Mexico.
In the 90's, the marginalization against this singer-songwriter became more acute, which is why he would call for events to be organized in neighborhoods, unions and auditoriums in order to break the siege of silence that surrounded him. Possibly, during that time, he was the best known popular urban protest composer in Mexico.


In his final years he dedicated himself only to the sale of his musical material, since he never charged for singing. Since the [[EZLN]] uprising in 1994, he decided to sing in the Zócalo every afternoon in support of the [[Neozapatismo|Zapatista movement.]]
In his final years he dedicated himself only to the sale of his musical material, since he never charged for singing. Since the [[EZLN]] uprising in 1994, he decided to sing in the Zócalo every afternoon in support of the [[Neozapatismo|Zapatista movement.]]


He was kidnapped and tortured by the political police in May 1997, during the visit to Mexico of Bill Clinton, then president of the United States. As a result of the blows received in this episode, he had to be hospitalized and underwent surgery months later. Molina's death, stated publicly by his son Arturo de Molina, was “from a political, historical and moral point of view, the result of the repressive and criminal policy of former Mexican President [[Ernesto Zedillo|Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León]]”.
He was kidnapped and tortured by the political police in May 1997, during the visit to Mexico of Bill Clinton, then president of the United States. As a result of the blows received in this episode, he had to be hospitalized and underwent surgery months later. Molina's death, stated publicly by his son Arturo de Molina, was “from a political, historical and moral point of view, the result of the repressive and criminal policy of former Mexican President [[Ernesto Zedillo|Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León]]”.

On July 9, 1998, José de Molina committed suicide by shooting himself in the roof of his mouth, as his daughter Tania de Molina acknowledged on the University of Guadalajara radio station.


In 2007, on the 9th anniversary of his death, a tribute was paid to him in which family, friends and collaborators of de Molina participated. The tribute was held for eight hours, and took place in the auditorium of the Mexican Syndicate of Electricians. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rinden homenaje a José de Molina, llamado El guerrillero de la guitarra - La Jornada |url=https://www.jornada.com.mx/2007/11/27/index.php?section=espectaculos&article=a09n1esp |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=www.jornada.com.mx}}</ref>
In 2007, on the 9th anniversary of his death, a tribute was paid to him in which family, friends and collaborators of de Molina participated. The tribute was held for eight hours, and took place in the auditorium of the Mexican Syndicate of Electricians. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rinden homenaje a José de Molina, llamado El guerrillero de la guitarra - La Jornada |url=https://www.jornada.com.mx/2007/11/27/index.php?section=espectaculos&article=a09n1esp |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=www.jornada.com.mx}}</ref>
Line 90: Line 88:
# El Gallito Trovador
# El Gallito Trovador
# La Carcél de Cananea
# La Carcél de Cananea
# De la Mano del Viento
# De la Mano del Viento
# La Serpiente Verde
# La Serpiente Verde
# Al General
# Al General
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# Texto: Nuestra Riqueza
# Texto: Nuestra Riqueza
# Adelante Mujeres de la Tierra
# Adelante Mujeres de la Tierra
# La Mujer
# La Mujer


'''(1981) Contraconfesiones'''
'''(1981) Contraconfesiones'''
Line 157: Line 155:
'''(1981) Del Surrealismo, la Picaresca, y el Humor'''
'''(1981) Del Surrealismo, la Picaresca, y el Humor'''


Del Surrealismo, la Picaresca, y el Humor is a somewhat unique album in José de Molina's discography, as it was a collaboration between José de Molina, Los Nakos, and Sergio Magaña. In addition, this album features songs in a variety of musical genres, ranging from [[tango]] and [[Norteño (music)|norteña]] to [[bossa nova]].
Del Surrealismo, la Picaresca, y el Humor is a somewhat unique album in José de Molina's discography, as it was a collaboration between José de Molina, Los Nakos, and Sergio Magaña. In addition, this album features songs in a variety of musical genres, ranging from [[tango]] and [[Norteño (music)|norteña]] to [[bossa nova]].


In addition, another thing that makes this album a peculiar one, is that there are two versions of this album; one in LP format published in 1981, and another in cassette format published in 1994. Both versions differ quite a bit; for example, the 1981 version has the track “Sueño Irreversible” which is not found in the 1994 version. Meanwhile, in the 1994 version, there are three more tracks (“El Tratado de Libre Comercio”, “El Pique 96”, and “Partidos y Partiditos”), which are not found in the 1981 version. In addition, in the 1994 version, the track “La Ludica Mujer Impúdica” presents significant changes in terms of the instrumentation used.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-15 |title=Viaje al espacio visceral: Sergio Magaña, José de Molina y Los Nakos - Del surrealismo, la picaresca y el humor |url=https://viajealespaciovisceral.blogspot.com/2018/11/sergio-magana-jose-de-molina-y-los.html#more |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=Viaje al espacio visceral}}</ref>
In addition, another thing that makes this album a peculiar one, is that there are two versions of this album; one in LP format published in 1981, and another in cassette format published in 1994. Both versions differ quite a bit; for example, the 1981 version has the track “Sueño Irreversible” which is not found in the 1994 version. Meanwhile, in the 1994 version, there are three more tracks (“El Tratado de Libre Comercio”, “El Pique 96”, and “Partidos y Partiditos”), which are not found in the 1981 version. In addition, in the 1994 version, the track “La Ludica Mujer Impúdica” presents significant changes in terms of the instrumentation used.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-15 |title=Viaje al espacio visceral: Sergio Magaña, José de Molina y Los Nakos - Del surrealismo, la picaresca y el humor |url=https://viajealespaciovisceral.blogspot.com/2018/11/sergio-magana-jose-de-molina-y-los.html#more |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=Viaje al espacio visceral}}</ref>

Revision as of 19:03, 13 December 2024



.

José de Molina
Born
José de Jesús Núñez Molina

1938 (estimate)
Hermosillo, Sonora, México (estimate)
DiedJuly 9th, 1998
Mexico City
Cause of deathSuicide
OccupationSinger-songwriter
Years active1963 - 1998
MovementNeozapatismo, Mexican Movement of 1968, Libertarian socialism
SpouseAraceli Abud
ChildrenArturo de Molina, Tania de Molina, Ana Luisa de Molina

José de Jesús Nuñez Molina (Hermosillo, Sonora, unknown — Ciudad de México, July 9th,1998), better know by his stage name, José de Molina, was a Mexican singer-songwriter of guerrilla tendencies. Also known by the nickname "El guerrillero de la guitarra", he was the writer of popular songs such as "Obreros y Patrone", "Ayeres", "Se Acabó", amongs others. During his 30 year trayectory as an artist and composer of songs with social themes, he would realease at least 12 albums. Furthermore, his journeys would take him through Latin-America, Europe, the United States, and various places throughout Mexico.

Biography

His date of birth is unknown, since even he did not know it, however, it is estimated to be around 1938. It is said that he was the son of a single mother and domestic employee, who died when he was about three years old. Molina was therefore adopted by his mother's employers, people of high social status. However, at the age of twelve, he decided to run away from his adoptive parents' mansion in Hermosillo, Sonora. Subsequently, Molina was taken in by a farmer who had a ranch, and who offered him a job and a roof over his head until he was 18 years old, when, due to a love breakup, he decided to take a trip across the country with a truck driver.[1]

From a political point of view, he never joined any political party, as he did not believe in the electoral process as a source of the radical changes that the country needed. He worked in his beginnings as a farmer, worker, journalist, actor and salesman, among other trades. These experiences would later be reflected in his work, of socialist tendency, endowing it with a characteristic rebelliousness and irreverence.

José de Molina was able to survive the Tlatelolco Massacre of October the 2nd and the El Halconazo on June 10th, 1971. He was a victim of threats, kidnapping and even beatings by the Mexican political police. The political power tried to buy him, but he never fell into temptation, trying to lead a life consistent with his ideas. He considered himself a libertarian socialist, since he did not believe in caudillismos, gods, or masters and thought that every state-government eventually corrupts and becomes despotic, repressive and tyrannical, regardless of wether it was left wing or right wing.[2]

In the 90's, the marginalization against this singer-songwriter became more acute, which is why he would call for events to be organized in neighborhoods, unions and auditoriums in order to break the siege of silence that surrounded him. Possibly, during that time, he was the best known popular urban protest composer in Mexico.

In his final years he dedicated himself only to the sale of his musical material, since he never charged for singing. Since the EZLN uprising in 1994, he decided to sing in the Zócalo every afternoon in support of the Zapatista movement.

He was kidnapped and tortured by the political police in May 1997, during the visit to Mexico of Bill Clinton, then president of the United States. As a result of the blows received in this episode, he had to be hospitalized and underwent surgery months later. Subsequently, on July 9, 1998, José de Molina committed suicide by shooting himself in the roof of his mouth, as his daughter Tania de Molina acknowledged on the University of Guadalajara radio station. Molina's death, stated publicly by his son Arturo de Molina, was “from a political, historical and moral point of view, the result of the repressive and criminal policy of former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León”.

In 2007, on the 9th anniversary of his death, a tribute was paid to him in which family, friends and collaborators of de Molina participated. The tribute was held for eight hours, and took place in the auditorium of the Mexican Syndicate of Electricians. [3]

“His music will continue as long as there is injustice”, were the words of his wife Araceli Abud.

Discography

During his lifetime, José de Molina realeased 12 albums:

  • 1971 - Canticos y Testimonios
  • 1973 - Testimonios Rebeldes
  • 1976 - Se Acabó…
  • 1979 - Salsa… Roja
  • 1980 - Historia de un Verdadero Sexenio Vol. 1
  • 1981 - Contraconfesiones
  • 1981 - Del Surrealismo, La Picaresca y el Humor
  • 1982 - Manifiesto
  • 1985 - Terremoto
  • 1994 - Identidades
  • 1995 - De Chiapas con Amor
  • 1996 - Historia de un Verdadero Sexenio Vol. 2

Furthermore, after his dead, two more albums were published: Después de la muerte (1998) and Homenaje al Ché Guevara. The songs of the Después de la muerte album are original compositions by José de Molina that couldn't be recorded due to his death. They are interpreted by his daughter Tania de Molina and by Chucho Giil. On the other hand, Homenaje al Ché Guevara was a cassette found after José de Molina´s death, which, as it's name suggests, is dedicated entirely to the revolutionary Ernesto Ché Guevara.

List of albums

The following is a list in chronological order of the albums released by José de Molina (excluding Homenaje al Ché Guevara) and the tracks contained in each one:

(1971) Cánticos y Testimonios

  1. Ya es hora
  2. Texto: Levantamiento obrero ferrocarrilero
  3. Ay Hermano Mexicano (featuring Carlos Orozco Elwin)
  4. Texto: Movimiento Revolucionario del Magisterio
  5. Texto: Asesinato de Rúben Jaramillo
  6. Corrido a Rúben Jaramillo
  7. Texto: Movimiento Médico (featuring Carlos Orozco Elwin)
  8. Los Versos del Caracol
  9. Texto: Asesinato de Copreros
  10. Lamento Coprero
  11. Texto: La Masacre de Tlatelolco
  12. En Esta Plaza
  13. Texto: La Masacre de Corpus Christi
  14. Diez de Corpus
  15. Texto: Aqui...
  16. Marcha compañero (featuring Carlos Orozco Elwin)

(1973) Testimonios Rebeldes

  1. América Latina Canta
  2. Las Elecciones
  3. Los Gorilas
  4. Halcón, Colea, Colea
  5. El Gallito Trovador
  6. La Carcél de Cananea
  7. De la Mano del Viento (featuring Amparo Ochoa)
  8. La Serpiente Verde
  9. Al General
  10. Cura y Guerrillero
  11. Canto por Genaro Vasquez
  12. Despedida

(1976) Se acabó...

  1. Introducción [Versos]
  2. El Hombre Nuevo (featuring Carlos Orozco Elwin)
  3. La Otra Trinidad
  4. Corrido a Joel y Enrique
  5. Obreros y Patrones (featuring Carlos Orozco Elwin)
  6. Ayeres...
  7. Corazones de Plomo
  8. De la Sierra de Guerrero (featuring Carlos Orozco Elwin)
  9. Texto: Sin Yugos ni Cadenas
  10. Se acabó.. (featuring Carlos Orozco Elwin)
  11. Los Latinoamericanos / Compañero / Canto a las Madres Latinoamericanas.

(1979) Salsa... Roja

  1. Pobre México Señor
  2. Texto: La Trampa Imperialista
  3. Canto Negro
  4. Texto: El Papa en México
  5. Diálogo Entre el Papa y Jesucristo
  6. Texto: El Facismo Priista
  7. Marcha Coalición
  8. Canto por los Desaparecidos
  9. Lorenza Santiago
  10. Corrido a los Mineros de Nacozari
  11. Texto: La Organización Obrera
  12. Salsa... Roja (featuring Carlos Orozco Elwin)
  13. El Año Viejo

(1980) Historia de un Verdadero Sex-enio Vol. I

  1. El cantor
  2. Texto: Cárceles Ideológicas
  3. Cárceles
  4. Texto: La Guerra Sucia
  5. Tlatelolco III
  6. Corrido a Lucio Cabañas
  7. El Niño de Vietnam
  8. Texto: La Demagogia
  9. Sin Razón
  10. Texto: El Tiempo es Nuestro
  11. Marchando Van
  12. Texto: Nuestra Riqueza
  13. Adelante Mujeres de la Tierra
  14. La Mujer (featuring Amparo Ochoa)

(1981) Contraconfesiones

  1. Levántate Campesino (featuring Carlos Orozco Elwin)
  2. Sangre en la Huasteca
  3. Corrido a Florencio Medrano
  4. Magisterio Independiente
  5. Contraconfesiones
  6. Los Diez Ordenamientos
  7. Cristiacomunismo
  8. Frente Farabudo Martí de la Liberación Nacional

(1981) Del Surrealismo, la Picaresca, y el Humor

Del Surrealismo, la Picaresca, y el Humor is a somewhat unique album in José de Molina's discography, as it was a collaboration between José de Molina, Los Nakos, and Sergio Magaña. In addition, this album features songs in a variety of musical genres, ranging from tango and norteña to bossa nova.

In addition, another thing that makes this album a peculiar one, is that there are two versions of this album; one in LP format published in 1981, and another in cassette format published in 1994. Both versions differ quite a bit; for example, the 1981 version has the track “Sueño Irreversible” which is not found in the 1994 version. Meanwhile, in the 1994 version, there are three more tracks (“El Tratado de Libre Comercio”, “El Pique 96”, and “Partidos y Partiditos”), which are not found in the 1981 version. In addition, in the 1994 version, the track “La Ludica Mujer Impúdica” presents significant changes in terms of the instrumentation used.[4]

  1. LP Version (1981)
    1. La Lúdica Mujer Impúdica
    2. Sueño Irreversible
    3. El Menú del Márquez
    4. El Asesino de la Televisión
    5. La Modista
    6. Discurso Patriótico
    7. El Charro Morado
    8. Pasitas
    9. El Monje de Minifalda
    10. Canto a tus Vísceras
  2. Cassette Version (1994)
    1. La Lúdica Mujer Impúdica
    2. Texto: Sueño Irreversible
    3. El Menú del Márquez
    4. El Asesino de la Televisión
    5. El Tratado de Libre Comercio
    6. La Modista
    7. El Charro Morado
    8. Pasitas
    9. El Monje de Minifalda
    10. Canto a tus Vísceras
    11. El Pique 96
    12. Partidos y Partiditos

To this day, it is unknown as to why both versions of the album differ so greatly.

(1982) Manifiesto

  1. Introducción [Barco de Papél]
  2. Soldado
  3. Chicano
  4. Texto: La Nacionalización de la Banca
  5. Coplas de la Inflación
  6. El Cantor II
  7. Manifiesto Comunista (con Carlos Orozco Elwin)
  8. Texto: Corrupción y Represión
  9. Consignas
  10. La Rueda de la Historia

(1985) Terremoto

  1. Flamazo (San Juan Ixuatepec)
  2. Poema Terremoto
  3. Terremoto
  4. Corrido a Rubén Jaramillo (con Carlos Orozco Elwin)
  5. El Barzón
  6. El Camaleón
  7. Ronald "Hítler" Reagan
  8. Chotis de La Madrid
  9. Parodia a los Charros
  10. Al Tambor de la Alegría
  11. Ay Latinoamericano

(1994) Identidades

  1. Texto: Niños y Niñas del Mundo
  2. El Niño que quiso la Luna
  3. Los Gober-Elefantes
  4. El Chapulin
  5. Texto: Un Niño Más
  6. Cuando los Niños del Mundo
  7. Identidades
  8. Los Mojados
  9. Razones
  10. Corrido a Manuel Buendia
  11. Ley 187

(1995) Desde Chiapas con Amor

  1. Texto: No Nos Quedó Otro Camino
  2. Corrido al EZLN [La Toma de San Cristóbal]
  3. El Sembrador (con Carlos Orozco Elwin)
  4. Ya Comenzó
  5. El Jarabito del Pronasol
  6. Texto: La Extrema Pobreza
  7. Corrido al Wati
  8. Banderita Roja y Negra
  9. Corrido a Sonora
  10. La Democracia
  11. Texto: Tierra y Libertad
  12. Corrido a Emiliano Zapata
  13. Guajira al Che Guevara (con Carlos Orozco Elwin)

(1996) Historia de un Verdadero Sex-enio Vol. II

  1. Corrido a Aguas Blancas
  2. Texto: La Estrategia de Masas
  3. Cuatro Palomas
  4. Texto: El Diálogo de las Balas
  5. Del Río Bravo a la Patagonia
  6. Colorado
  7. La Bomba (con Carlos Orozco Elwin)
  8. Texto: Los Verdaderos Guerrilleros
  9. Madre proletaria (con Carlos Orozco Elwin)
  10. Texto: La Lucha Obrera
  11. Corrido a Efraín Calderón Lara
  12. Texto: La Teoría Revolucionaria
  13. La Huelga

(1998) Después de la Muerte

  1. 35 Aniversario de José de Molina
  2. Se Requiere un Guerra
  3. Te Quiero Niña
  4. Oda a Carlos Puebla
  5. Elegia a Violeta Parra
  6. Los Otros Versos del Caracol
  7. Es una Hembra
  8. La Vida y la Muerte
  9. Lucha por tu Libertad
  10. Gracias José de Molina

References

  1. ^ "Recordando a José de Molina: La libertad de un hombre coherente - Revista Marvin". marvin.com.mx (in Spanish). 2017-10-05. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
  2. ^ "09an1esp". web.archive.org. 2024-12-13. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
  3. ^ "Rinden homenaje a José de Molina, llamado El guerrillero de la guitarra - La Jornada". www.jornada.com.mx. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
  4. ^ "Viaje al espacio visceral: Sergio Magaña, José de Molina y Los Nakos - Del surrealismo, la picaresca y el humor". Viaje al espacio visceral. 2018-11-15. Retrieved 2024-12-10.

[[Category:Zapatista Army of National Liberation]] [[Category:Mexican anarchists]] [[Category:Mexican singer-songwriters]] [[Category:Mexican musicians]]

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