Nikolai Utin

Catégorie:Article utilisant l'infobox Biographie2 Catégorie:Article utilisant une Infobox Nikolai Isaakovitch Utin (Template:Lang-ru, French: Nicolas Outine; 8 August 1841 - 1 December 1883) was a Russian socialist and revolutionary.

Biography

Nikolai Utin was born 8 August 1841 in Kherson in the Russian Empire (now Ukraine).^[1] His father was a Russian millionaire, and lived on income from the liquor trade.^[2]

He became a member of Land and Liberty and took part in the student movement in Russia.^[2] He was prosecuted for this and fled to Vevey, Switzerland in 1864, and was condemned to death in absentia.^[1]

At first, he was close to the anarchist Mikhail Bakunin, who made him and Elisabeth Dmitrieff editors of Narodnoye delo (The People's Cause).^[3] He ran the journal from 1868 to 1870.

Well-known in the expat Russian revolutionary community, he participated in the foundation of the Russian section of the International Workingmen's Association (IWA) with Elisabeth Dmitrieff.^[4] Anne Jaclard was among its members.^[2]

Utin was also the editor-in-chief of l'Égalité, the French-language Swiss IWA newspaper based in Geneva. When he turned away from Bakunin and towards the positions of Karl Marx,^[5] he used his influence at this newspaper to keep the revolutionary community in Geneva sympathetic to Marx and not Bakunin.^[6]

On 17 April 1871, he wrote to Marx about his doubts regarding the Paris Commune, a movement that he ultimately did not join.^[7] However, he remained close to Elisabeth Dmitrieff, who had returned to Russia after the events of the Paris Commune, and so he was warned by Ekaterina Barteneva and her husband Victor that Dmitrieff's companion, Ivan Davidovski, had been arrested for murder and was in need of his help.^[8] On 17 December 1876, a letter from Utin reached Karl Marx, who hired a lawyer at his own expense to defend Dmitrieff.^[9]

After the split of the IWA, Utin withdrew from politics. He returned to Russia in 1878 and died on 1 December 1883 in Saint Petersburg.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Riggenbach, Heinrich (5 March 2013). "Utin, Nikolai Isaakowitsch". Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (HLS) (in German). Retrieved 2022-01-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c Impr. Floch), Mathieu, ... (impr. 2011). L'émancipation des travailleurs : une histoire de la Première Internationale (in French). La Fabrique éd. p. p181. ISBN 978-2-35872-023-6. OCLC 780293208. Retrieved 2021-11-16. {{cite book}}: |page= has extra text (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Zancarini-Fournel, Michelle (2016). Les luttes et les rêves (in French). Paris: Zone. p. 994. ISBN 978-2-35522-088-3. OCLC 969705078. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |ignore-isbn-error= ignored (|isbn= suggested) (help).
^ Bürgi, Markus (1 June 2012). "Dmitrieff, Elisabeth". Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (HLS) (in German). Retrieved 2022-01-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^ Jean-Christophe Angaut Jean-Christophe (2007). [DOI : 10.3917/amx.041.0112. URL : https://www.cairn.info/revue-actuel-marx-2007-1-page-112.htm "Le conflit Marx-Bakounine dans l'internationale : une confrontation des pratiques politiques"]. Actuel Marx, 2007/1 (n° 41) (in French): p. 112-129. {{cite journal}}: |page= has extra text (help); Check |url= value (help).
^ Droz, Jacques (1965). "L'Internationale Ouvrière de 1864 à 1920: IV. Divisions idéologiques au sein de la Première Internationale entre 1864 et 1870". Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 2022-01-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^ Moal, Patrick Le. "La Commune au jour le jour. Lundi 17 avril 1871 – CONTRETEMPS" (in French). Retrieved 2021-08-31..
^ McClellan, Woodford (1979). Revolutionary exiles : the Russians in the First International and the Paris Commune. Cass. p. 266. ISBN 0-203-98802-7. OCLC 243606265. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help).
^ Carolyn J.Eichner (2020). Franchir les barricades : les femmes dans la Commune de Paris. ISBN 979-10-351-0522-8. OCLC 1149074370. Retrieved 2021-03-04..

[:0-1] Riggenbach, Heinrich (5 March 2013). "Utin, Nikolai Isaakowitsch". Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (HLS) (in German). Retrieved 2022-01-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[:1-2] Impr. Floch), Mathieu, ... (impr. 2011). L'émancipation des travailleurs : une histoire de la Première Internationale (in French). La Fabrique éd. p. p181. ISBN 978-2-35872-023-6. OCLC 780293208. Retrieved 2021-11-16. {{cite book}}: |page= has extra text (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[3] Zancarini-Fournel, Michelle (2016). Les luttes et les rêves (in French). Paris: Zone. p. 994. ISBN 978-2-35522-088-3. OCLC 969705078. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |ignore-isbn-error= ignored (|isbn= suggested) (help).

[4] Bürgi, Markus (1 June 2012). "Dmitrieff, Elisabeth". Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (HLS) (in German). Retrieved 2022-01-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[5] Jean-Christophe Angaut Jean-Christophe (2007). [DOI : 10.3917/amx.041.0112. URL : https://www.cairn.info/revue-actuel-marx-2007-1-page-112.htm "Le conflit Marx-Bakounine dans l'internationale : une confrontation des pratiques politiques"]. Actuel Marx, 2007/1 (n° 41) (in French): p. 112-129. {{cite journal}}: |page= has extra text (help); Check |url= value (help).

[6] Droz, Jacques (1965). "L'Internationale Ouvrière de 1864 à 1920: IV. Divisions idéologiques au sein de la Première Internationale entre 1864 et 1870". Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 2022-01-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[7] Moal, Patrick Le. "La Commune au jour le jour. Lundi 17 avril 1871 – CONTRETEMPS" (in French). Retrieved 2021-08-31..

[:02-8] McClellan, Woodford (1979). Revolutionary exiles : the Russians in the First International and the Paris Commune. Cass. p. 266. ISBN 0-203-98802-7. OCLC 243606265. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help).

[9] Carolyn J.Eichner (2020). Franchir les barricades : les femmes dans la Commune de Paris. ISBN 979-10-351-0522-8. OCLC 1149074370. Retrieved 2021-03-04..

[1]