Iron(II) perchlorate

Iron(II) perchlorate
Names
	IUPAC name Iron(II) diperchlorate
	Other names Iron diperchlorate; Ferrous perchlorate;
Identifiers
CAS Number	hydrate: 335159-18-7;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	146076;
ECHA InfoCard	100.034.263
EC Number	237-704-4;
PubChem CID	71311361;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID10890732 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/2ClHO4.Fe.H2O/c22-1(3,4)5;;/h2(H,2,3,4,5);;1H2/q;;+2;/p-2 Key: BJDJGQJHHCBZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L;
	SMILES O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[Fe+2];
Properties
Chemical formula	Fe(ClO4)2
Molar mass	254.75 g/mol
Appearance	Green crystals
Density	2.15 g/cm3
Melting point	100 °C (212 °F; 373 K)
Solubility in water	98 g/100 mL (25 °C)
Structure
Crystal structure	Orthorhombic
Space group	Pmn21
Lattice constant	a = 7.79 Å, b = 13.48 Å, c = 5.24 Å
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H272, H315, H319, H335
Precautionary statements	P210, P220, P221, P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 0 1 OX
Related compounds
Other cations	Manganese(II) perchlorate; Cobalt(II) perchlorate; Nickel(II) perchlorate
Related compounds	Iron(III) perchlorate
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

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Iron(II) perchlorate is the inorganic compound with the formula Fe(ClO₄)₂·6H₂O. A green, water-soluble solid, it is produced by the reaction of iron metal with dilute perchloric acid followed by evaporation of the solution:^[3]

Fe + 2 HClO₄ + 6 H₂O → Fe(ClO₄)₂·6H₂O + H₂

Although the ferrous cation is a reductant and the perchlorate anion is a strong oxidant, in the absence of atmospheric oxygen, dissolved ferrous perchlorate is stable in aqueous solution because the electron transfer between both species Fe²⁺ and ClO−4 is hindered by severe kinetic limitations. Being a weak Lewis base, the perchlorate anion is a poor ligand for the aqueous Fe²⁺ and does not contribute to the electron transfer by favoring the formation of an inner sphere complex giving rise to a possible reorganisation of the activated complex. The resulting high activation energy prohibits a thermodynamically spontaneous redox reaction (∆G_r < 0).

However, in aqueous solution, and under air, iron(II) perchlorate slowly oxidizes to iron(III) oxyhydroxide.^[4]

The hexahydrate consists of discreet hexa-aquo-iron(II) divalent cations and perchlorate anions. It crystallizes with an orthorhombic structure.^[2] It has minor phase transitions at 245 and 336 K.^[5]

Uses

In organic chemistry, iron(II) perchlorate can be used as a source of ferrous ions for the Fenton oxidation.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b Mark W. Zettler; Daniela Sustac Roman (2014). "Iron(II) Perchlorate". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. doi:10.1002/047084289X.ri064.pub2.
^ ^a ^b Ghosh, Minakshi; Ray, Siddhartha (1981). "Twinning, disorder and phase transition in ferrous Perchlorate hexahydrate crystals". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie – Crystalline Materials. 155 (1–2): 129–137. Bibcode:1981ZK....155..129G. doi:10.1524/zkri.1981.155.1-2.129.
^ B.K. Chaudhuri (1975). "A new type of phase transition in M(ClO₄)₂(H₂O)₆ M = Fe, Co, Ni and Mn". Solid State Communications. 16 (6): 767–772. doi:10.1016/0038-1098(75)90071-X.
^ Philip George (1954). "The oxidation of ferrous perchlorate by molecular oxygen". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed): 4349–4359. doi:10.1039/JR9540004349.
^ D. P. Chiang; C. H. Peng; J. K. Mei; I. M. Jiang; S. C. Lin; Y. C. Chen; H. T. Liu; Y. F. Chen; W. S. Tse (2008). "Raman spectra of crystalline iron perchlorate hexahydrate". Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. 39 (3): 344–348. doi:10.1002/jrs.1801.

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[eros-1] Mark W. Zettler; Daniela Sustac Roman (2014). "Iron(II) Perchlorate". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. doi:10.1002/047084289X.ri064.pub2.

[str-2] Ghosh, Minakshi; Ray, Siddhartha (1981). "Twinning, disorder and phase transition in ferrous Perchlorate hexahydrate crystals". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie – Crystalline Materials. 155 (1–2): 129–137. Bibcode:1981ZK....155..129G. doi:10.1524/zkri.1981.155.1-2.129.

[3] B.K. Chaudhuri (1975). "A new type of phase transition in M(ClO₄)₂(H₂O)₆ M = Fe, Co, Ni and Mn". Solid State Communications. 16 (6): 767–772. doi:10.1016/0038-1098(75)90071-X.

[oxid-4] Philip George (1954). "The oxidation of ferrous perchlorate by molecular oxygen". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed): 4349–4359. doi:10.1039/JR9540004349.

[raman-5] D. P. Chiang; C. H. Peng; J. K. Mei; I. M. Jiang; S. C. Lin; Y. C. Chen; H. T. Liu; Y. F. Chen; W. S. Tse (2008). "Raman spectra of crystalline iron perchlorate hexahydrate". Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. 39 (3): 344–348. doi:10.1002/jrs.1801.

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