Moganite

Moganite
Moganite
	Moganite. Medio Almud ravine, Mogán, Gran Canaria, Spain. Height 5cm.
General
Category	Tectosilicate, quartz group
Formula; (repeating unit)	SiO2
IMA symbol	Mog
Strunz classification	4.DA.20
Dana classification	75.01.04.02
Crystal system	Monoclinic
Crystal class	Prismatic (2/m) ; (same H–M symbol)
Space group	I2/a
Identification
Color	Grey
Crystal habit	Massive
Mohs scale hardness	6
Luster	Earthy, dull
Streak	White
Diaphaneity	Transparent
Specific gravity	2.52 – 2.58
Optical properties	Biaxial
Refractive index	nα = 1.524; nγ = 1.531
References

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Moganite is an oxide mineral with the chemical formula Si O₂ (silicon dioxide) that was discovered in 1976. It was initially described as a new form of silica from specimens found in the Barranco de Medio Almud, in the municipality of Mogán on the island of Gran Canaria, in the Canary Islands (Spain),^[5] receiving in a later work the name derived from this locality.^[6] In 1994 the International Mineralogical Association decided to disapprove it as a valid mineral, since it was considered indistinguishable from quartz.^[7] Subsequent studies allowed the IMA to rectify it in 1999, accepting it as a mineral species.^[8] It has the same chemical composition as quartz, but a different crystal structure.^[4]

This mineral has been mainly found in dry locales such as Gran Canaria and Lake Magadi.^[9] It has been reported from a variety of locations in Europe, India and the United States.^[3] Physically, it has a Mohs hardness of about 6, a dull luster and appears as a semitransparent gray in color.

Structural information

The main infrared spectroscopy (IR) differences between moganite and α-quartz occur in the wavenumber region below 650 cm⁻¹. Above this wavenumber, the frequencies of Si–O stretching vibrations of moganite are almost identical to those of quartz. Additional moganite bands were recorded near 165, 207, 296, 343, 419, 576, and 612 cm⁻¹.^[10]

Structural phase transition

Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data for moganite from 100 to 1,354 K (−173 to 1,081 °C) has revealed a reversible phase transition from space group I2/a to Imab at approximately 570 K (297 °C).^[11] The in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows that while the thermal responses of H₂O and OH in moganite display similarities to agate, the spectra are not completely identical. Absorptions in the O–H stretching region reveal that dehydration and dehydroxylation is a multistage process. Although hydrogen loss starts below 400–500 K (127–227 °C), hydrous species may well remain in moganite even at 1,060 K (790 °C).^[12]

References

^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
^ "Mineralienatlas Lexicon – Mogánite". Mineralienatlas. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
^ ^a ^b Ralph, Jolyon; Ralph, Ida (2007). "Moganite: Moganite Mineral Information and Data". MinDat. Retrieved 1 August 2007.
^ ^a ^b "Webmineral data".
^ Flörque, O.W.; Jones, J.B.; Schmincke, H.U. (1976). "A new microcrystalline silica from Gran Canaria". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 143: 156–165.
^ Flörque, O.W.; Flörque, U.; Giese, U. (1984). "Moganite, a new microcristaline silica-mineral". Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie (Abhandlungen). 149: 325–336.
^ Origlieri, M., 1994. "Moganite: a New Mineral – Not!" Lithosphere. Aug. 2007 http://geopress.rbnet.net/moganite.htm
^ Grice, Joel D.; Ferraris, Giovanni (2000). "New minerals approved in 1999 by the commission on new minerals and mineral names, International Mineralogical Association". The Canadian Mineralogist. 38 (1): 245–250. Bibcode:2000CaMin..38..245G. doi:10.2113/gscanmin.38.1.245.
^ Heaney, Peter J.; Post, Jeffrey E. (1992). "The Widespread Distribution of a Novel Silica Polymorph in Microcrystalline Quartz Varieties". Science. 255 (5043): 441–443. Bibcode:1992Sci...255..441H. doi:10.1126/science.255.5043.441. PMID 17842895. S2CID 32497622.
^ Zhang, Ming; Moxon, Terry (2014). "Infrared absorption spectroscopy of SiO₂-moganite". American Mineralogist. 99 (4): 671–680. Bibcode:2014AmMin..99..671Z. doi:10.2138/am.2014.4589. S2CID 56255006.
^ Heaney, Peter J.; Post, Jeffrey E. (2001). "Evidence for an I2/a to Imab phase transition in the silica polymorph moganite at ~570 K". American Mineralogist. 86 (11–12): 1358–1366. Bibcode:2001AmMin..86.1358H. doi:10.2138/am-2001-11-1204. S2CID 6093768.
^ Zhang, Ming; Moxon, Terry (2012). "In situ infrared spectroscopic studies of OH, H₂O and CO₂ in moganite at high temperatures". European Journal of Mineralogy. 24 (1): 123–131. Bibcode:2012EJMin..24..123Z. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2011/0023-2165.

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[1] Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.

[2] "Mineralienatlas Lexicon – Mogánite". Mineralienatlas. Retrieved 13 August 2023.

[Mindat-3] Ralph, Jolyon; Ralph, Ida (2007). "Moganite: Moganite Mineral Information and Data". MinDat. Retrieved 1 August 2007.

[Webmin-4] "Webmineral data".

[5] Flörque, O.W.; Jones, J.B.; Schmincke, H.U. (1976). "A new microcrystalline silica from Gran Canaria". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 143: 156–165.

[6] Flörque, O.W.; Flörque, U.; Giese, U. (1984). "Moganite, a new microcristaline silica-mineral". Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie (Abhandlungen). 149: 325–336.

[7] Origlieri, M., 1994. "Moganite: a New Mineral – Not!" Lithosphere. Aug. 2007 http://geopress.rbnet.net/moganite.htm

[8] Grice, Joel D.; Ferraris, Giovanni (2000). "New minerals approved in 1999 by the commission on new minerals and mineral names, International Mineralogical Association". The Canadian Mineralogist. 38 (1): 245–250. Bibcode:2000CaMin..38..245G. doi:10.2113/gscanmin.38.1.245.

[9] Heaney, Peter J.; Post, Jeffrey E. (1992). "The Widespread Distribution of a Novel Silica Polymorph in Microcrystalline Quartz Varieties". Science. 255 (5043): 441–443. Bibcode:1992Sci...255..441H. doi:10.1126/science.255.5043.441. PMID 17842895. S2CID 32497622.

[10] Zhang, Ming; Moxon, Terry (2014). "Infrared absorption spectroscopy of SiO₂-moganite". American Mineralogist. 99 (4): 671–680. Bibcode:2014AmMin..99..671Z. doi:10.2138/am.2014.4589. S2CID 56255006.

[11] Heaney, Peter J.; Post, Jeffrey E. (2001). "Evidence for an I2/a to Imab phase transition in the silica polymorph moganite at ~570 K". American Mineralogist. 86 (11–12): 1358–1366. Bibcode:2001AmMin..86.1358H. doi:10.2138/am-2001-11-1204. S2CID 6093768.

[12] Zhang, Ming; Moxon, Terry (2012). "In situ infrared spectroscopic studies of OH, H₂O and CO₂ in moganite at high temperatures". European Journal of Mineralogy. 24 (1): 123–131. Bibcode:2012EJMin..24..123Z. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2011/0023-2165.

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