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{{good article}}
{{short description|WWII-era light cruiser of the Royal Navy}}

{{other ships|HMS Bonaventure}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2017}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin
}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image = HMS Bonaventure 1940 IWM A 1733.jpg
| Ship caption = ''Bonaventure'' at her mooring, 1940
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header = 
| Ship country = United Kingdom
| Ship flag = {{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
| Ship name = ''Bonaventure''
| Ship ordered = 
| Ship awarded = 
| Ship builder = [[Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company]], [[Greenock]], [[Scotland]]
| Ship laid down = 30 August 1937
| Ship launched = 19 April 1939
| Ship identification = [[Pennant number]] 31<ref name=l6/>
| Ship commissioned = 24 May 1940
| Ship nickname = 
| Ship motto = 
| Ship honours = 
| Ship fate = Torpedoed by the {{ship|Italian submarine|Ambra}}, 31 March 1941
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Ship class = {{sclass|Dido|cruiser|0}} [[light cruiser]]
| Ship displacement = *{{convert|5530|LT|t|lk=on}} ([[Displacement (ship)#Standard displacement|standard]])
| Ship length = {{convert|512|ft|m|abbr=on}} ([[o/a]])
| Ship beam = {{convert|50|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}
| Ship draught = {{convert|14|ft|m|abbr=on}}
| Ship power =*4 × [[Admiralty 3-drum boiler]]s
* {{cvt|62000|shp|kW|lk=on}}
| Ship propulsion = 4 × shafts; 4 × geared [[steam turbine]]s
| Ship speed = {{convert|32.25|kn|lk=in}}
| Ship range = {{convert|4240|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|16|kn}}
| Ship complement = 487
| Ship sensors =* [[Type 279 radar|Type 279]] [[early-warning radar]]
| Ship armament =
*4 × twin [[QF 5.25 inch Mark I naval gun|{{cvt|5.25|in|mm}}]] [[DP gun]]s
*1 × single [[QF 4-inch naval gun Mk V|{{cvt|4|in|0}}]] [[star shell]] gun
*2 × quadruple [[QF 2 pounder naval gun|2 pdr ({{cvt|40|mm}})]] [[AA gun]]s
*2 × triple {{cvt|21|in|0}} [[torpedo tube]]s
| Ship armour =
*[[Belt armor|Belt]]: {{convert|3|in|cm|abbr=on}}
*[[Deck (ship)|Deck]]: {{convert|1|in|cm|abbr=on}}
*[[Magazine (artillery)|Magazine]]s: {{convert|2|in|cm|abbr=on}}
| Ship notes =
}}
|}
'''HMS ''Bonaventure''''' was the [[lead ship]] of the {{sclass|Dido|cruiser|0}} [[light cruiser]]s built for the [[Royal Navy]] (RN) during the 1930s and during the [[Second World War]]. Completed in 1940, ''Bonaventure'' was assigned to the [[Home Fleet]] and participated in ''[[Operation Fish]]'', the evacuation of British wealth from the [[United Kingdom|UK]] to [[Canada]] in July. The ship made one short patrol in August into the [[North Atlantic]] to search for German [[blockade runner]]s and followed that up by escorting an [[aircraft carrier]] as it conducted [[air strike]]s in Southern Norway in September. The next month she was tasked to provide cover for anti-shipping raids off the Norwegian coast. ''Bonaventure'' participated in the unsuccessful search for the German [[commerce raider]] {{ship|German cruiser|Admiral Scheer||2}} in November and sustained weather damage that caused her to spend time in a [[dockyard]] for repairs. She was part of the escort force for [[Convoy WS 5A]] in December and helped to drive off another German commerce raider. While searching for stragglers from the convoy, the cruiser sank a German blockade runner.

''Bonaventure'' was one of the escorts for [[Operation Excess]], a [[convoy]] bound for [[Crown Colony of Malta|Malta]] in January 1941 and helped to sink and Italian [[torpedo boat]] as the convoy approached Malta; she was transferred to the [[Mediterranean Fleet]] afterwards for operations in the [[Eastern Mediterranean]]. The ship spent the next several months either escorting convoys or providing cover for them. She did play a small role in [[Operation Abstention]], an unsuccessful invasion of an Italian island in the [[Dodecanese]] off the Turkish coast in February. ''Bonaventure'' escorted several convoys from [[British Egypt]] to [[Greece]] in early March and then escorted one to Malta. After her return to Egypt, the ship escorted a convoy returning from Greece and was sunk by an Italian [[submarine]] on 31 March; 138 men died during the sinking.

==Design and description==
The ''Dido''-class were designed as small cruisers capable of being built quickly and in large numbers to meet the Royal Navy's requirements. The small size and limited displacement of the ships precluded the mixed armament of single-purpose 6-inch (152&nbsp;mm) low-angle (anti-ship) and 4-inch (102&nbsp;mm) [[Anti-aircraft gun|high-angle (anti-aircraft) guns]] carried by previous light cruisers so the [[Board of Admiralty]] decided to fit a [[dual-purpose gun|dual-purpose main armament]], capable of engaging both surface targets and aircraft.<ref>Brown, p. 77</ref> The ''Dido''s had an [[length overall|overall length]] of {{convert|512|ft|m|1}}, a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|50|ft|6|in|m|1}}<ref name=r2>Raven & Roberts, p. 420</ref> and a [[draft (hull)|draught]] of {{convert|16|ft|10|in|m|0}} at [[deep load]]. ''Bonaventure'' displaced {{convert|5530|LT|t|lk=on}} at [[Displacement (ship)|standard load]] and {{convert|6940|LT|t}} at deep load.<ref>Friedman, p. 402</ref>

To improve survivability the propulsion machinery was grouped into [[Unit system of machinery|two separate units]], each consisting of one [[fire room|boiler room]] and an [[engine room]].<ref>Raven & Roberts, p. 192</ref> The ships were powered by four [[Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company|Parsons]] geared [[steam turbine]]s, each driving one shaft using steam provided by four [[Admiralty 3-drum boiler]]s. The turbines developed a total of {{convert|62000|shp|lk=on}} and gave a designed speed of {{convert|32.25|kn|lk=in}} at standard load.<ref name=l6/> ''Bonaventure'' reached a speed of {{convert|30.5|kn}} from {{cvt|63000|shp}} during her [[sea trial]]s in May 1940, although she displaced {{cvt|6400|LT|t}} during the testing.<ref>Raven & Roberts, pp. 194–195</ref> The ''Dido'' class carried enough [[fuel oil]] to give them a range of {{convert|4240|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|16|kn}}.<ref name=l6>Lenton, p. 66</ref> The ships' complement was 487 officers and [[naval rating|ratings]].<ref name=r2/>

===Armament, Fire control and sensors, and protection===
The main armament of the ''Dido''{{'}}s was intended to consist of ten [[QF 5.25-inch naval gun|5.25-inch (133 mm) guns]] in five [[superfiring]] twin-[[gun turret]]s on the ship's [[Centreline (nautical)|centreline]], with three turrets forward of the [[superstructure]] and two aft, designated 'A', 'B', 'Q', 'X' and 'Y' from [[bow (ship)|bow]] to [[stern]]. Production difficulties with the turrets forced the navy to substitute a [[QF 4-inch naval gun Mk V|{{convert|4|in|adj=on|0}} Mk V]] [[star shell]] gun for 'X' turret on ''Bonaventure''. Two quadruple [[QF 2 pounder naval gun|two-pounder ({{cvt|40|mm}})]] [[AA gun]] mounts were positioned just forward of the aft [[funnel (ship)|funnel]], one on each [[Broadside (naval)|broadside]] to provide close-in anti-aircraft protection, backed up by two quadruple [[Vickers]] [[Vickers .50 machine gun|0.50-inch (12.7&nbsp;mm) machine gun]] mounts on the [[bridge wing]]s. Two triple 21-inch (533&nbsp;mm) rotating [[torpedo tube]] mounts, one on each broadside [[abaft]] the aft funnel, provided additional anti-ship capability.<ref>Friedman, pp. 187, 190, 192</ref>

Forward fire control for this armament was provided by a single low-angle [[Glossary of British ordnance terms#DCT|director control tower]] (DCT), together with a [[HACS|High Angle Control System]] (HACS) director tower above the ship's [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]]. Aft was a single dual-purpose DCT that incorporated a HACS.<ref>Friedman, p. 191</ref> ''Bonaventure'' was equipped with a [[Type 279 radar|Type 279]] [[early-warning radar]].<ref>Raven & Lenton, unpaged</ref> She was intended to be fitted with a Type 128A [[ASDIC]], but none were available when the ship was completed.<ref>Raven & Roberts, p. 194</ref>

A {{convert|3|inch|mm|adj=on}} [[waterline]] [[Belt armor|armour belt]] protected the ship's propulsion machinery and [[magazine (artillery)|magazine]]s with {{convert|1|in|mm}} protecting the [[Magazine (artillery)#Naval_magazines|shell room]]s. The upper and lower [[deck (ship)|deck]]s were also an inch thick, with the roofs of the magazines protected by {{convert|2|in|adj=on}} plates. The turret faces had armour {{convert|1.5|in|mm|0|}} thick while the rest of the turret had 1-inch plates. The barbettes were protected by {{convert|0.5|to|0.75|in|adj=on}} armour.<ref name=l6/>

==Construction and career==
[[File:HMS Bonaventure A 1729.jpg|thumb|A view of ''Bonaventure''{{'}}s forward gun turrets and bridge from the bow, 1940]]
''Bonaventure'', the seventh ship of her name to serve in the RN,<ref>Colledge, Warlow & Bush, p. 52</ref> was ordered as part of the 1936 Naval Programme from [[Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company|Scotts Shipbuilding & Engineering]] and was [[laid down]] on 30 August 1937 at their [[Greenock]] [[shipyard]]. The ship was [[Ship naming and launching|launched]] on 19 April 1939 and completed on 24 May 1940.<ref>Raven & Roberts, pp. 193, 420</ref> She was assigned to the Home Fleet after [[Glossary of nautical terms (M-Z)#working up|working up]]<ref>Whitley, p. 114</ref> and was tasked to help ferry the [[Bank of England]]'s gold reserves and [[Security (finance)|securities]] to Canada in early July. ''Bonaventure'', laden with [[£ stg|£]]25 million in [[bullion]] and coin, departed the [[Firth of Clyde]] early on 8 July in company with the [[battleship]] {{HMS|Revenge|06|6}} and rendezvoused with three [[ocean liner]]s also carrying gold later that morning in the [[Irish Sea]]. The Polish liner {{MV|Batory}} began to have engine troubles as the convoy was approaching the coast of Canada and the cruiser was detailed to escort her to [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]] and then to rendezvous with the rest of the convoy at [[Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax]] where she arrived on 13 July.<ref>Draper, pp. 215, 221–222, 224–225, 359</ref>

On 15 August 1940, ''Bonaventure'' and her sister ship {{HMS|Naiad|93|2}} began a five-day patrol off the [[Faroe Islands]] in an unsuccessful search for German blockade runners. The two cruisers were among the escorts for the [[aircraft carrier]] {{HMS|Furious|47|2}} as her aircraft attempted to find and attack German shipping off [[Trondheim, Norway]], on 6–7 September. A week later the sisters helped to escort the [[battlecruiser]] {{HMS|Hood|51|2}} and the battleship {{HMS|Nelson|28|2}} as the Home Fleet commander, [[Admiral of the Fleet]] [[Charles Forbes (Royal Navy officer)|Charles Forbes]] decided to transfer the main body of the Home Fleet from [[Scapa Flow]] to [[Rosyth]] on 14 September. ''Bonaventure'' and ''Naiad'' conducted an unsuccessful anti-shipping raid in the [[Norwegian Sea]] on 23–24 October, during which her [[forecastle]] was damaged during heavy weather. Upon her return ''Bonaventure'' was docked at Rosyth for repairs that lasted until 2 November.<ref name=uboat>HMS Bonaventure</ref>

Three days later, the ship [[sortie]]d in response to the attack on [[Convoy HX 84]] by the German [[heavy cruiser]] ''Admiral Scheer''. Along with three destroyers, she escorted the battlecruiser {{HMS|Repulse|1916|2}} to the German ship's last reported position while the rest of the Home Fleet redeployed to cover convoys already at sea or to block the routes leading back to [[German-occupied Europe]]. After an unsuccessful search, the ship returned to Scapa Flow to refuel on 11 November and put back to sea to search for survivors from the [[armed merchant cruiser]] {{HMS|Jervis Bay|F40|2}} and the other ships sunk by ''Admiral Scheer''. ''Bonaventure'' failed to find any survivors before weather damage forced her to return to Scapa Flow on 19 November. The ship steamed to Rosyth to begin repairs four days later.<ref name=uboat/> Examination of the damage revealed that two pillars beneath the forecastle had buckled when the forecastle deck flexed as the ship [[Pitch (ship motion)|pitched up and down]] in heavy seas and that 5.25-inch shells had been dislodged from their stowage. Coupled with the damage sustained by her sisters in similar conditions, it revealed that the measures taken to reduce weight forward in the ships were excessive and had compromised the hull's strength.<ref>Raven & Roberts, p. 275</ref><ref>Raven & Lenton, unpaged</ref>

With her repairs completed on 13 December 1940, ''Bonaventure'' steamed to the Clyde three days later to serve as an escort for [[Convoy WS 5A]] bound for [[Egypt]].<ref name=uboat/> The German heavy cruiser {{ship|German cruiser|Admiral Hipper||2}}'s radar spotted the convoy on 24 December and allowed for the ship to intercept the convoy the following morning despite the intermittent rain [[squall]]s and choppy seas. The German ship initially engaged the heavy cruiser {{HMS|Berwick|65|2}} at 06:39, but turned away four minutes later when ''Berwick'' returned fire as the Germans had expected a weakly escorted convoy. The two ships dueled whenever in sight for the few hours until ''Admiral Hipper'' was able to disengage at 09:14. ''Bonaventure'' was not initially in a position to engage the German cruiser, but she fired a total of 438 rounds, including some star shells, between 08:12 and 08:36 without hitting ''Admiral Hipper''.<ref>Raven, pp. 82–83</ref><ref name=uboat/> As the convoy had been ordered to scatter after encountering ''Admiral Hipper'', ''Bonaventure'' spent the next few days trying to locate the merchantmen, especially the [[troopship]] [[List of Empire ships (Th–Ty)#Empire Trooper|''Empire Trooper'']]. During this time she encountered the {{convert|8204|LT|adj=on}} German blockade runner {{SS|Baden|1922|2}} and sank her with a torpedo on 26 December. ''Bonaventure'' arrived in [[Gibraltar]] three days later.<ref name=uboat/><ref>Rohwer, p. 53</ref>

===1941===
In early January 1941, the ship was assigned to Force F which formed the close escort for four merchant ships bound for Malta and [[Piraeus, Greece]], as part of Operation Excess. A troopship had run aground before the convoy was to depart and about four hundred troops from it were transferred to ''Bonaventure''. The convoy steamed west when it departed on 6 January as a deception measure before turning eastward during the night and was well clear of Gibraltar when dawn broke the next morning. The cruiser was briefly detached to join [[Force H]] which provided distant cover for the convoy and rejoined it on the morning of 8 January. After the aircraft carrier {{HMS|Ark Royal|91|2}} had flown off some torpedo bombers for Malta, Force H turned back and reinforced the convoy escort during the morning of 9 January. Reinforcements from the Mediterranean Fleet arrived about an hour later in the form of the light cruisers {{HMS|Gloucester|62|2}}, {{HMS|Southampton|83|2}} and two destroyers.<ref name=uboat/> That afternoon the convoy and its escorts were ineffectually attacked by 10 Italian [[Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 Sparviero|Savoia-Marchetti SM.79]] bombers.<ref>Shores, Cull & Malizia 1987b, p. 108</ref> British aerial reconnaissance at dusk failed to spot any Italian ships between the convoy and Malta, so Force H turned back for Gibraltar short of the [[Strait of Sicily]] with the main body of the Mediterranean Fleet scheduled to rendezvous with the convoy the following morning.<ref name=uboat/>

At 07:20 on 10 January the Italian torpedo boats {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Vega||2}} and {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Circe||2}} were simultaneously spotted by ''Bonaventure'' and the destroyer {{HMS|Jaguar|F34|2}} about {{cvt|12|nmi}} off the island of [[Pantelleria]] despite the poor visibility.<ref name=uboat/> ''Bonaventure'' opened fire with a star shell to better identify the targets and switched to high-explosive shells once they had been recognized as Italians. She evaded torpedoes fired by one or both of the torpedo boats, although the ship was damaged by splinters before ''Southampton'' opened fire at 07:53. The two cruisers crippled ''Vega'', although ''Circe'' was able to escape. The destroyer {{HMS|Hereward|H93|2}} delivered the [[coup de grâce]] with a torpedo not long afterwards.<ref name=uboat/><ref>Raven, p. 84</ref><ref>Admiralty Historical Section, p. 46</ref>

Shortly after the Mediterranean Fleet joined up with the convoy, the destroyer {{HMS|Gallant|H59|2}} had her bow blown off by a mine at 08:34 and was taken in tow stern-first by the destroyer {{HMS|Mohawk|F31|2}} for repairs at Malta. As ''Bonaventure'', ''Southampton'', ''Gloucester'' and the destroyer {{HMS|Griffin|H31|2}} were moving to rendezvous with the two destroyers, ''Bonaventure'' was unsuccessfully attacked by two Italian torpedo bombers at 09:20. The group was repeatedly attacked by small groups of bombers from 11:30 to 18:00, which only damaged ''Southampton''{{'}}s ASDIC dome. They reached Malta on 11 January where ''Bonaventure'' unloaded her passengers. Now assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet, the ship arrived at Alexandria, Egypt, on 16 January. Two days later she was part of the cover force for a bombardment mission on Italian positions near [[Tobruk, Libya]]. Bad weather postponed the bombardment and the cover force was ordered to [[Suda Bay, Crete]], where ''Bonaventure'' and the light cruiser {{HMS|Ajax|22|2}} escorted convoy AN 12 through the Strait of Kasos between the [[Sea of Crete]] and the [[Eastern Mediterranean]] on 21–22 January. The following day the cruiser was part of a cover force for the badly damaged aircraft carrier {{HMS|Illustrious|87|2}}'s movement from Malta to Alexandria.<ref name=uboat/><ref>Raven, p. 85</ref>

''Bonaventure'' was part of a diversionary operation by the Mediterranean Fleet on 1–3 February intended to distract the [[Axis Forces|Axis forces]] from an operation by Force H in the Western Mediterranean. The ship returned to Suda Bay on 8 February, making patrols in Greek waters and covering the occupation of [[Castelorizo]] (Operation Abstention) for the rest of the month. From 6 to 10 March, she ferried troops from Alexandria to Piraeus and then returned to Suda Bay to conduct patrols and cover convoys in the [[Aegean Sea]] before arriving in Alexandria on 18 March. Two days later ''Bonaventure'' put to sea to rendezvous with four merchantmen bound for Malta as part of Operation MC 9. Together with four destroyers, the cruiser formed the close escort for the convoy and were designated as Force C. ''Bonaventure'' was attacked without effect by a pair of German [[Junkers Ju 88]] bombers on 21 March. The convoy reached Malta two days later without further attacks. The cruiser was attacked by 15 German [[Junkers Ju 87]] [[dive bomber]]s that afternoon, but only suffered some splinter damage. Force C departed later that day and arrived in Alexandria on 25 March.<ref name=uboat/><ref>Raven, p. 91</ref>

''Bonaventure'' and two destroyers were ordered to join the Mediterranean Fleet on the afternoon of 28 March, as the British were in the middle of fighting the Italian Fleet during the [[Battle of Matapan]]. They caught up to them at 10:00 the following day, after the British had decisively defeated the Italian Navy. The cruiser was ordered to join the escort of Convoy GA 8 which was bound for Alexandria from Piraeus and rendezvoused with them at 08:00 the following morning. The ship was unsuccessfully attacked by the {{ship|Italian submarine|Dagabur||6}} about 20:30. At about 02:55 on the morning of 31 March 1941, ''Bonaventure'' was hit amidships on the starboard side by two torpedoes fired by the {{ship|Italian submarine|Ambra||6}}. The first torpedo struck at the aft end of the forward engine room and the second detonated abreast the aft engine room, destroying the aft [[Watertight bulkhead|watertight transverse bulkhead]] and exposing 'X' magazine to the open sea. The consequent severe flooding caused a severe [[list (watercraft)|list]] to starboard within minutes and the ship capsized within six minutes of the attack south of [[Crete]] at coordinates ({{coord|33|20|N|26|35|E|display=inline,title}}) with the loss of 138 of her 480 crew. 310 survivors were rescued by ''Hereward'' and the Australian destroyer {{HMAS|Stuart|D00|2}}.<ref name=uboat/><ref>Raven, p. 96–97</ref> She was the largest warship sunk by an Italian submarine in World War II.<ref>Brescia, p. 47</ref>

==References==

===Citations===
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*{{cite book|last=Admiralty Historical Section|title=The Royal Navy and the Mediterranean|publisher=Whitehall History in association with Frank Cass |location=London |year=2002|series=Whitehall Histories, Naval Staff Histories |volume=II: November 1940 – December 1941|isbn=0-7146-5205-9}}
*{{Cite book |last=Brescia |first=Maurizio |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8h7OAwAAQBAJ&dq=hms+mohawk+12m&pg=PA47 |title=Mussolini´s Navy: A Reference Guide to the Regia Marina 1930–1945 |date=2012 |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |isbn=978-1-84832-115-1}}
*{{cite book |last=Brown|first=David K.|title=Nelson to Vanguard: Warship Design and Development 1923-1945|year=2006 |location=London|publisher=Chatham Publishing|isbn=1-59114-602-X}}
* {{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946|editor1-last=Chesneau |editor1-first=Roger |publisher=Mayflower Books|location=New York |year=1980|isbn=0-8317-0303-2 |chapter=Great Britain |last1=Campbell |first1=N. J. M.|pages=2–85}}
*{{cite book |last1=Colledge |first1=J. J. |title=Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy from the 15th Century to the Present |date=2020 |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |location=Barnsley, UK |isbn=978-1-5267-9327-0 |edition=5th revised and updated|first2=Ben |last2=Warlow |first3=Steve|last3=Bush|name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book|last=Draper|first=Alfred|title=Operation Fish: The Race to Save Europe's Wealth 1939&ndash;1945 |year=1979 |publisher=Cassell |location=London |isbn=0-304-30068-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/operationfishrac0000drap}}
* {{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Cruisers: Two World Wars and After|year=2010|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|location=Barnsley, UK |isbn=978-1-59114-078-8 |author-link=Norman Friedman}}
*{{cite web |title=HMS Bonaventure (i) (31) of the Royal Navy - British Light cruiser of the Dido class - Allied Warships of WWII - uboat.net |url=https://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4015.html |website=uboat.net |access-date=23 May 2023}}
* {{cite book|last=Lenton|first=H. T.|title=British & Empire Warships of the Second World War |publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland |year=1998 |isbn=1-55750-048-7 |author-link=Henry Trevor Lenton}}
*{{cite book |last1=Raven |first1=Alan |title=British Cruiser Warfare: The Lessons of the Early War, 1939-1941 |date=2019 |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |location=Barnsley, UK |isbn=978-1-5267-4763-1}}
*{{cite book|last1=Raven |first1=Alan |last2=Lenton |first2=H. T. |title=Dido Class Cruisers |date=1973 |publisher=Bivouac Books |location=London |isbn=0-856800-03-1|name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book|last1=Raven|first1=Alan|last2=Roberts|first2=John|title=British Cruisers of World War Two|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland |year=1980|isbn=0-87021-922-7|name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book|last1=Shores|first1=Christopher|last2=Cull|first2=Brian|last3= Malizia |first3=Nicola|title=Air War for Yugoslavia, Greece, and Crete |publisher=Grub Street|location=London|year=1987a|isbn=0-948817-07-0|name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book|last1=Shores|first1=Christopher|last2=Cull|first2=Brian|last3= Malizia |first3=Nicola|title=Malta: The Hurricane Years: 1940–41|publisher=Grub Street|location=London|year=1987b|isbn=0-948817-06-2|name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book|last=Rohwer|first=Jürgen|title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two|publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=2005|edition=Third Revised|isbn=1-59114-119-2 |author-link=Jürgen Rohwer}}
* {{cite book|last=Whitley|first=M. J.|title=Cruisers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia|publisher=Cassell |location=London|year=1995 |isbn=1-86019-874-0|author-link=Michael J. Whitley}}

==External links==
* [http://www.world-war.co.uk/index.php3 World War II cruisers]
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80013725 IWM Interview with survivor Patrick Northcott]
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80009059 IWM Interview with survivor Frank Connor]
{{Dido class cruiser}}
{{March 1941 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bonaventure (31)}}
[[Category:1939 ships]]
[[Category:Dido-class cruisers]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in March 1941]]
[[Category:Ships built on the River Clyde]]
[[Category:Ships sunk by Italian submarines]]
[[Category:World War II cruisers of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:World War II shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea]]

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German submarine U-551 (edit)
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HMS Hereward (H93) (edit)
HMS Hermione (74) (edit)
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HMS Mohawk (F31) (edit)
HMS Naiad (93) (edit)
HMS Nelson (28) (edit)
HMS Phoebe (43) (edit)
HMS Repulse (1916) (edit)
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HMS Scylla (98) (edit)
HMS Sirius (82) (edit)
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Italian cruiser Fiume (edit)
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SS Bremen (1928) (edit)
SS Britannia (1925) (edit)
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SS Empire Frost (edit)
SS Empire Simba (edit)
SS Umona (edit)
USS Western Chief (ID-3161) (edit)
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