Makaira

Makaira; Temporal range: Middle Miocene to present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Atlantic blue marlin, Makaira nigricans
Conservation status
	; Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1) (Note that the IUCN recognises the blue marlin as a single species)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Carangiformes
Family:	Istiophoridae
Genus:	Makaira; Lacépède, 1802
Type species
	Makaira nigricans; Lacepède, 1802
Species
	Makaira mazara; Makaira nigricans
Synonyms
	Eumakaira Hirasaka & H. Nakamura, 1947; Marlina Hirasaka & H. Nakamura, 1947; Orthocraeros J. L. B. Smith, 1956;

Makaira (Latin via Greek: μαχαίρα "sword") is a genus of marlin in the family Istiophoridae. It includes the Atlantic blue and Indo-Pacific blue marlins.^[2] In the past, the black marlin was also included in this genus, but today it is placed in its own genus, Istiompax.

Species

Makaira nigricans Lacepède, 1802 (Atlantic blue marlin)
Makaira mazara (Jordan & Snyder, 1901) (Indo-Pacific blue marlin)

Although they are traditionally listed as separate species, recent research indicates that the Atlantic blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) and Indo-Pacific blue marlin (Makaira mazara) may be parapatric populations of the same species.^[2]^[3]

The following fossil species are also known:^[4]^[5]

†Makaira adensa Gracia et al, 2024 - late Miocene of Italy
†Makaira belgica (Lériche, 1926) - middle Miocene of Belgium, late Miocene of Italy
†Makaira colonense Gracia et al, 2022 - late Miocene of Panama
†Makaira cyclovata Gracia et al, 2024 - late Miocene of Italy
†Makaira fierstini Gracia et al, 2022 - late Miocene of Panama
†Makaira panamense Fierstine, 1978 - late Miocene of Panama
†Makaira purdyi Fierstine, 1999 - Pliocene of North Carolina, USA
†Makaira teretirostris (Rütimeyer, 1857) - early Pliocene of France

Phylogenetic analyses recover these fossil Makaira as together forming a clade more derived than the extant species, despite all of them being extinct.^[5]

References

^ Collette, B.; Acero, A.; Amorim, A.F.; Boustany, A.; Canales Ramirez, C.; Cardenas, G.; Carpenter, K.E.; de Oliveira Leite Jr.; N.; Di Natale, A.; Die, D.; Fox, W.; Fredou, F.L.; Graves, J.; Guzman-Mora, A.; Viera Hazin, F.H.; Hinton, M.; Juan Jorda, M.; Minte Vera, C.; Miyabe, N.; Montano Cruz, R.; Nelson, R.; Oxenford, H.; Restrepo, V.; Salas, E.; Schaefer, K.; Schratwieser, J.; Serra, R.; Sun, C.; Teixeira Lessa, R.P.; Pires Ferreira Travassos, P.E.; Uozumi, Y.; Yanez, E. (2011). "Makaira nigricans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T170314A6743776. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T170314A6743776.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
^ ^a ^b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Makaira". FishBase. February 2018 version.
^ Chen, Hui; Chang, Chia-Hao; Sun, Chi-Lu; Shao, Kwang-Tsao; Yeh, Su-Zan; DiNardo, Gerard (2016). "Population Structure of Blue Marlin, Makaira nigricans, in the Pacific and Eastern Indian Oceans". Zoological Studies. 55 (55): e33. doi:10.6620/ZS.2016.55-33. ISSN 1021-5506. PMC 6511819. PMID 31966178.
^ De Gracia, Carlos; Correa-Metrio, Alex; Carvalho, Mónica; Velez-Juarbe, Jorge; Přikryl, Tomáš; Jaramillo, Carlos; Kriwet, Jürgen (2022-12-31). "Towards a unifying systematic scheme of fossil and living billfishes (Teleostei, Istiophoridae)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 20 (1): 1–36. doi:10.1080/14772019.2022.2091959. ISSN 1477-2019.
^ ^a ^b De Gracia, Carlos; Villalobos-Segura, Eduardo; Ballen, Gustavo A.; Carnevale, Giorgio; Kriwet, Jürgen (2024). "Phylogenetic patterns in fossil and living billfishes (Istiophoriformes, Istiophoridae): evidence from the Central Mediterranean". Papers in Palaeontology. 10 (4). doi:10.1002/spp2.1559. ISSN 2056-2799.

This Carangiformes-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[iucn_status_19_November_2021-1] Collette, B.; Acero, A.; Amorim, A.F.; Boustany, A.; Canales Ramirez, C.; Cardenas, G.; Carpenter, K.E.; de Oliveira Leite Jr.; N.; Di Natale, A.; Die, D.; Fox, W.; Fredou, F.L.; Graves, J.; Guzman-Mora, A.; Viera Hazin, F.H.; Hinton, M.; Juan Jorda, M.; Minte Vera, C.; Miyabe, N.; Montano Cruz, R.; Nelson, R.; Oxenford, H.; Restrepo, V.; Salas, E.; Schaefer, K.; Schratwieser, J.; Serra, R.; Sun, C.; Teixeira Lessa, R.P.; Pires Ferreira Travassos, P.E.; Uozumi, Y.; Yanez, E. (2011). "Makaira nigricans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T170314A6743776. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T170314A6743776.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.

[FishBase-2] Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Makaira". FishBase. February 2018 version.

[3] Chen, Hui; Chang, Chia-Hao; Sun, Chi-Lu; Shao, Kwang-Tsao; Yeh, Su-Zan; DiNardo, Gerard (2016). "Population Structure of Blue Marlin, Makaira nigricans, in the Pacific and Eastern Indian Oceans". Zoological Studies. 55 (55): e33. doi:10.6620/ZS.2016.55-33. ISSN 1021-5506. PMC 6511819. PMID 31966178.

[4] De Gracia, Carlos; Correa-Metrio, Alex; Carvalho, Mónica; Velez-Juarbe, Jorge; Přikryl, Tomáš; Jaramillo, Carlos; Kriwet, Jürgen (2022-12-31). "Towards a unifying systematic scheme of fossil and living billfishes (Teleostei, Istiophoridae)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 20 (1): 1–36. doi:10.1080/14772019.2022.2091959. ISSN 1477-2019.

[:0-5] De Gracia, Carlos; Villalobos-Segura, Eduardo; Ballen, Gustavo A.; Carnevale, Giorgio; Kriwet, Jürgen (2024). "Phylogenetic patterns in fossil and living billfishes (Istiophoriformes, Istiophoridae): evidence from the Central Mediterranean". Papers in Palaeontology. 10 (4). doi:10.1002/spp2.1559. ISSN 2056-2799.

[1]