Evaluation of the Multi-GNSS, Dual-Frequency RTK Positioning Performance for Recent Android Smartphone Models in a Phone-to-Phone Setup

Robert Odolinski, Hongzhou Yang, Li-Ta Hsu, Mohammed Khider, Guoyu (Michael) Fu, Damien Dusha

Abstract:	The recent development of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) chipsets, makes cm-level real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning possible with Android-based smartphones. In this contribution we investigate the single-baseline RTK performance when using a baseline consisting of two smartphones, i.e. no geodetic base station infrastructure is necessary. We will evaluate the performance of some of the recent smartphone models, including Google Pixel5, Pixel6 Pro, Pixel7 Pro, and Samsung Galaxy S22, respectively. The assessments are conducted in Mountain View, California (USA), and some of the smartphones can track dual-frequency code division multiple access (CDMA) signals of L1 + L5 Global Positioning System (GPS), E1 + E5a Galileo, L1 + L5 Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) and B1 + B2 BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) code and carrier-phase observations. We will demonstrate that one can now achieve cm-level positioning and near hundred percent RTK integer least-squares success rates for some of the smartphone models, while stationary, even with the use of the internal smartphone antennas. This will be shown true for both the ’single-epoch’ model whereby all the estimated parameters are unlinked in time, as well as for the ’multi-epoch’ model where the ambiguities are treated as time-constant parameters through a dynamic model in a Kalman filter.
Published in:	Proceedings of the 2024 International Technical Meeting of The Institute of Navigation January 23 - 25, 2024 Hyatt Regency Long Beach Long Beach, California
Pages:	42 - 53
Cite this article:	Odolinski, Robert, Yang, Hongzhou, Hsu, Li-Ta, Khider, Mohammed, Fu, Guoyu (Michael), Dusha, Damien, "Evaluation of the Multi-GNSS, Dual-Frequency RTK Positioning Performance for Recent Android Smartphone Models in a Phone-to-Phone Setup," Proceedings of the 2024 International Technical Meeting of The Institute of Navigation, Long Beach, California, January 2024, pp. 42-53. https://doi.org/10.33012/2024.19575
Full Paper:	ION Members/Non-Members: 1 Download Credit Sign In