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'''Prometheism''' or '''Prometheanism''' ([[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Prometeizm'') was a political project initiated by [[Józef Piłsudski]], a principal statesman of the [[Second Polish Republic]] from 1918 to 1935. Its aim was to weaken the [[Russian Empire]] and its successor states, including the [[Soviet Union]], by supporting [[nationalism|nationalist]] [[separatism|independence movements]] among the major [[Ethnic groups in Russia|non-Russian peoples]] that lived within the borders of Russia and the Soviet Union.<ref>[[Richard Woytak]], "The Promethean Movement in Interwar Poland," ''East European Quarterly'', vol. XVIII, no. 3 (September 1984), pp. 273–78.</ref>
According to the information collected by American intelligence, "Prometheus" was created in Turkey by "various Russian and Caucasian peoples, mostly from those countries which had enjoyed independence from 1917-1923". Prometheus had to leave Turkey after [[Treaty of Moscow (1921)|Russian-Turkish treaty]] in 1921 and thus moved to [[Warsaw]]. French review "Promethee", published between 1927 and 1940 by Georgian journalist [[Giorgi Gvazava]] and edited by Ukrainian prof. [[Oleksander Shulhyn]] and his son Rostislav was considered to be the "mouthpiece of the Prometheus organisation in Poland". <ref>{{Cite web |date=1946-10-15 |title=SSU Memo 15 October 1946 |url=https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/QRPLUMB%20%20%20VOL.%201_0014.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531121712/https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/QRPLUMB%20%20%20VOL.%201_0014.pdf |archive-date=2024-05-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Iagublu |first=Nasiman |title=Энциклопедия Мухаммеда Эмина Расулзаде |year=2015 |isbn=978-5-9906235-1-4 |language=ru |trans-title=Muhammad Emin Rasulzadeh Encyclopedia}}</ref>
Between the World Wars, Prometheism and Piłsudski's other concept, that of an "[[Intermarium]] federation", constituted two complementary [[geopolitical]] strategies for him and for some of his political heirs.<ref name=Debo59>"Pilsudski hoped to build not merely a Polish nation state but a greater federation of peoples under the aegis of Poland which would replace Russia as the great power of Eastern Europe. Lithuania, Belorussia and Ukraine were all to be included. His plan called for a truncated and vastly reduced Russia, a plan which excluded negotiations prior to military victory." Richard K Debo, ''Survival and Consolidation: The Foreign Policy of Soviet Russia, 1918–1992'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=gQfUB0CXBO4C&q=excluded+negotiations&pg=PA59 Google Print, p. 59], McGill-Queen's Press, 1992, {{ISBN|0-7735-0828-7}}.</ref>
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