AG 489 (or agatoxin 489) is a component of the venom produced by Agelenopsis aperta,[1] a North American funnel web spider. It inhibits the ligand gated ion channel TRPV1 through a pore blocking mechanism.[2]
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| Preferred IUPAC name
N-(20-Amino-4-hydroxy-4,8,12,17-tetraazaicosan-1-yl)-2-(9H-purin-3-yl)acetamide | |
| Other names
Agatoxin 489
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
PubChem CID
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C26H47N7O2 | |
| Molar mass | 489.709 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Discovery
editThis section may be confusing or unclear to readers. (July 2024) |
To identify new inhibitors, capsaicin receptor channels (TRPV1) were screened with a venom library for activity against these channels. In result, the robust inhibitory activity was found in the venom. Venom fractionation using reversed phase HPLC allowed the purification of two acylpolyamine toxins, AG489 and AG505.[2]
Both of these inhibit the TRPV1 channels[3] from the extracellular membrane side. From the pore blocking mechanism, the pore mutations that change toxic affinity were identified. As a result, the four mutants decreased toxic affinity and several mutants increased it. Therefore, this was consistent with the scanned TM5-TM6 linker region[4] being the outer vestibule of the channels and further confirming that AG489 is a pore blocker.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Herold EE, Yaksh TL (September 1992). "Anesthesia and muscle relaxation with intrathecal injections of AR636 and AG489, two acylpolyamine spider toxins, in rat". Anesthesiology. 77 (3): 507–12. doi:10.1097/00000542-199209000-00016. PMID 1519789.
- ^ a b Kitaguchi T, Swartz KJ (November 2005). "An inhibitor of TRPV1 channels isolated from funnel Web spider venom". Biochemistry. 44 (47): 15544–9. doi:10.1021/bi051494l. PMID 16300403.
- ^ Kaneko Y, Szallasi A (May 2014). "Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels: a clinical perspective". British Journal of Pharmacology. 171 (10): 2474–507. doi:10.1111/bph.12414. PMC 4008995. PMID 24102319.
- ^ Winter Z, Buhala A, Ötvös F, Jósvay K, Vizler C, Dombi G, et al. (June 2013). "Functionally important amino acid residues in the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel--an overview of the current mutational data". Molecular Pain. 9: 30. doi:10.1186/1744-8069-9-30. PMC 3707783. PMID 23800232.
External links
edit- AG+489 at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)