Interstate 391 (I-391) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway located entirely within the US state of Massachusetts. It runs from the I-91/I-391 interchange in Chicopee to the center of Holyoke, a distance of about 4.46 miles (7.18 km). It runs near the Connecticut River throughout its journey in Chicopee, crosses into Holyoke, and abruptly ends at High Street 0.4 miles (0.64 km) south of U.S. Route 202 (US 202).[3]
 Interstate 391 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 I-391 highlighted in red | ||||
| Route information | ||||
| Auxiliary route of I-91 | ||||
| Maintained by MassDOT | ||||
| Length | 4.46 mi[1] (7.18 km) | |||
| Existed | 1982[2]–present | |||
| NHS | Entire route | |||
| Major junctions | ||||
| South end |  I-91 in Chicopee | |||
| North end | High Street in Holyoke | |||
| Location | ||||
| Country | United States | |||
| State | Massachusetts | |||
| Counties | Hampden | |||
| Highway system | ||||
| ||||
Route description
edit
I-391 begins at an interchange with I-91 (at exit 9) in southern Chicopee, just north of the Atwater Park and the Calvary Cemetery. Initially running parallel to the Connecticut River, it intersects with Route 116 in Chicopee center and crosses the Chicopee River. I-391 then has another junction with Route 116 in the Sandy Hill section of town, and, in less than one mile (1.6 km)one mile (1.6 km), it crosses underneath the Massachusetts Turnpike without an interchange. I-391 continues north through the rest of northern Chicopee, intersecting Route 141 along the way and then passing just east of Rivers Park. I-391 then crosses the Connecticut River into the city of Holyoke, where it has two closely spaced exits for local streets in the town. I-391 officially comes to an end at High Street in Holyoke, with the road continuing as Resnic Boulevard, which connects to US 202 after 0.4 miles (0.64 km).[4]
History
edit| Year | AADT |
|---|---|
| 1982 | 17,200 |
| 1990 | 26,520 |
| 2000 | 31,000 |
| 2010 | 32,578 |
| 2018 | 37,164 |
Plans for the highway originated from the Master Highway Plan for the Springfield metropolitan area in 1953, which planned for a "major street improvement" to Route 116. By the 1960s, freeway access was needed between Chicopee and Holyoke to improve traffic flow which prompted a spur route of I-91 to be built.[citation needed] I-391's planned six lanes were built to handle up to 50,000 vehicles every day, and the total cost of the proposed highway was estimated at about $35 million (equivalent to $258 million in 2023[6]). In 1965, an alignment of the highway had been set, along with two alternative alignments. Construction for I-391 began in 1967 with a short 0.75-mile-long (1.21 km) highway, which was completed in 1970. After years of no progress, construction started again in 1978. The highway was completed in 1982 after about 15 years of planning and construction.[2]
An interchange with the Massachusetts Turnpike (I-90) was part of the original proposal, as it would have connected the turnpike to Chicopee and Holyoke, though it was never built.[citation needed]
Exit list
editAll exit numbers in Massachusetts were to eventually be renumbered to mileage-based numbers under a future project, but that project was postponed. On November 18, 2019, the Massachusetts Department of Transportation announced that I-391's exit numbers would not be changed[7][8] because its exits were so tightly spaced.[9]
The entire route is in Hampden County. [10]
| Location[10] | mi[10] | km | Exit | Destinations | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chicopee | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1A | I-91 south – Springfield, Hartford, CT | Southern terminus |
| 0.62 | 1.00 | 1B | I-91 north – Greenfield | Southbound exit and northbound entrance; exit 9 on I-91 | |
| 0.95 | 1.53 | 2 | Route 116 – Chicopee Center | To Elms College | |
| 1.90 | 3.06 | 3 | Route 116 – Westover ARB, Willimansett | ||
| 3.86 | 6.21 | 4 | Route 141 – Chicopee Falls, Willimansett | Signed as exits 4A (east) and 4B (west) southbound | |
| Connecticut River | 4.50 | 7.24 | Bridge | ||
| Holyoke | 4.59 | 7.39 | 5 | Main Street | Northbound exit and southbound entrance |
| 4.94 | 7.95 | 6B | Commercial Street | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | |
| 5.16 | 8.30 | 6A | High Street | Northern terminus; at-grade intersection | |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi | |||||
References
edit- ^ Starks, Edward (January 27, 2022). "Table 2: Auxiliary Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways". FHWA Route Log and Finder List. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved December 11, 2022.
- ^ a b Bostonroads.com. "Interstate 391 (Massachusetts)". Retrieved May 26, 2008.
- ^ itd. "MassGIS EOT-OTP Roads data layer". Administration and Finance. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
- ^ "overview map of I-391" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved May 26, 2008.
- ^ "Location ID 2163, Transportation Data Management". MassDOT. Retrieved October 18, 2018.
- ^ Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved November 30, 2023. United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the MeasuringWorth series.
- ^ Commonwealth of Massachusetts (2015). "COMMBUYS - Bid Solicitation FAP# HSIP-002S(874) Exit Signage Conversion to Milepost-Based Numbering System along Various Interstates, Routes and the Lowell Connector". Retrieved January 5, 2016.
- ^ "Milepost-based Exit Renumbering" (PDF). Massachusetts Department of Transportation. December 5, 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 7, 2019. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
- ^ Saric, Sofia (November 18, 2019). "Massachusetts highway exits to be renumbered by January 2022". The Boston Globe. Retrieved December 24, 2019.
- ^ a b MassDOT Planning Division. "Massachusetts Route Log Application". Massachusetts Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on August 26, 2014. Retrieved August 21, 2014.
Further reading
edit- U.S. Department of Transportation; Commonwealth of Massachusetts Department of Public Works (1974). I-391 Chicopee-Holyoke Massachusetts Draft Environmental Impact Statement (Report).