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{{Short description|none}}
{{use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox legislative election
| country = Belgium
| previous_election = [[2014 Belgian federal election|2014]]
| next_election = [[2024 Belgian federal election|2024]]
| seats_for_election = All 150 seats in the [[Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)|Chamber of Representatives]]
| majority_seats = 76
| election_date = {{Start date|2019|05|26|df=yes}}
| turnout = 88.38%

| leader1 = [[Bart De Wever]]
| party1 = New Flemish Alliance
| last_election1 = 33
| seats1 = 25
| percentage1 = 16.03

| leader2 = [[Tom Van Grieken]]
| party2 = Vlaams Belang
| last_election2 = 3
| seats2 = 18
| percentage2 = 11.95

| leader3 = [[Elio Di Rupo]]
| party3 = Parti Socialiste (Belgium)
| last_election3 = 23
| seats3 = 20
| percentage3 = 9.46

| leader4 = [[Wouter Beke]]
| party4 = Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams
| last_election4 = 18
| seats4 = 12
| percentage4 = 8.89

| leader5 = [[Peter Mertens]]
| party5 = Workers' Party of Belgium
| last_election5 = 2
| seats5 = 12
| percentage5 = 8.62

| leader6 = [[Gwendolyn Rutten]] 
| party6 = Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten
| last_election6 = 14
| seats6 = 12	
| percentage6 = 8.54

| leader7 = [[Charles Michel]]
| party7 = Mouvement Réformateur
| last_election7 = 20
| seats7 = 14
| percentage7 = 7.56

| leader8 = [[John Crombez]]
| party8 = Socialistische Partij Anders
| last_election8 = 13
| seats8 = 9
| percentage8 = 6.71

| leader9 = {{ill|Jean-Marc Nollet|fr}}<br />& [[Zakia Khattabi]]
| party9 = Ecolo
| last_election9 = 6
| seats9 = 13
| percentage9 = 6.14

| leader10 = [[Meyrem Almaci]]
| party10 = Groen (political party)
| last_election10 = 6
| seats10 = 8
| percentage10 = 6.10

| leader11 = [[Maxime Prévot]]
| party11 = Centre démocrate humaniste
| last_election11 = 9
| seats11 = 5
| percentage11 = 3.70

| leader12 = [[Olivier Maingain]]
| party12 = DéFI
| last_election12 = 2
| seats12 = 2
| percentage12 = 2.22

| map = 2019 Belgium Chamber of Representatives election.svg
| map_caption = Results of the election by constituency

| title = [[Cabinet of Belgium|Federal Government]]
| before_election = [[Michel II Government]]
| before_image = File:Charles Michel (2018-01-31) (cropped).jpg
| after_election = [[Wilmès II Government]]
| after_image = File:Sophie Wilmès 2020 (cropped) 2.jpg
}}{{Politics of Belgium}}

Federal elections were held in [[Belgium]] on 26 May 2019, alongside the country's [[2019 European Parliament election in Belgium|European]] and [[2019 Belgian regional elections|regional elections]]. All 150 members of the [[Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)|Chamber of Representatives]] were elected from eleven multi-member constituencies.

The far right-wing [[Vlaams Belang]] (VB) saw a resurgence in [[Flanders]], and with the [[New Flemish Alliance]] (NVA), parties subscribing to [[Flemish separatism]] and [[Flemish nationalism|nationalism]] obtained nearly 50% of the vote in [[Flanders]]. The Belgian coalition of N-VA, CD&V, MR and Open VLD lost more than a quarter of its seats, the worst government punishment in 20 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apache.be/2019/05/27/zwaarste-regeringsafstraffing-in-20-jaar/?sh=9d4fb969df237ea23287a-688642818|title=Zwaarste regeringsafstraffing in 20 jaar|publisher=[[Apache]]|date=27 May 2019}}</ref>

In addition, gains for the far-left [[Workers' Party of Belgium]] (PVDA-PTB), and the green [[Ecolo]] party in [[Wallonia]] occurred. Overall, [[Political parties in Belgium|traditional parties]] suffered losses in both regions.

==Background==
{{Main|2014 Belgian government formation|Michel I Government}}
Following the [[2014 Belgian federal election|2014 elections]], a centre-right government consisting of [[N-VA]], [[CD&V]], [[Open Vld]] and [[Mouvement Réformateur|MR]] was formed, led by Prime Minister [[Charles Michel]] (MR). This government coalition was unique in several aspects: the N-VA participated for the first time, the MR was the only French-speaking party, and the French-speaking [[Socialist Party (Belgium)|Socialist Party]] was not part of the government for the first time in 25 years.

Local elections were [[2018 Belgian local elections|held on 14 October 2018]]. As such, the 2019 simultaneous regional, federal and European elections were held only several months after the local elections.

In early December 2018, a political crisis emerged regarding the [[Global Compact for Migration]], which was supposed to be signed but sparked instead opposition from government party [[N-VA]]. As the three other government parties as well as a large majority in parliament supported the compact, N-VA left the government and the three other parties continued briefly as a minority cabinet ([[Michel II Government|Michel II]]) with an unclear status. Prime Minister Michel ultimately offered his resignation to the King on 18 December 2018, who accepted it three days later. As regular elections were scheduled for May 2019 anyway, snap elections were only favoured by N-VA and Vlaams Belang and did not happen, and the minority cabinet continued as a [[caretaker government]] until the elections.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-belgium-politics-idUSKCN1OK17R|title=Belgian PM to stay on heading caretaker government|date=2018-12-21|work=Reuters|access-date=2019-06-28|language=en}}</ref>

==Electoral system==
<div style="text-shadow:white 0em 0em 0.4em; margin:0.8em;">
{{Image label begin|image=Provinces of Belgium.svg|width=280|float=left|link=}}
{{Image label|x=0.55|y=0.12|scale=280|text=[[Antwerp (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|<span style="color:black;font-size:125%;">24</span>]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.30|y=0.19|scale=280|text=[[East Flanders (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|<span style="color:black;font-size:125%;">20</span>]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.55|y=0.25|scale=280|text=[[Flemish Brabant (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|<span style="color:black;font-size:125%">15</span>]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.455|y=0.27|scale=280|text=[[Brussels (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|<span style="color:black;font-size:125%">15</span>]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.33|y=0.40|scale=280|text=[[Hainaut (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|<span style="color:black;font-size:125%">18</span>]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.76|y=0.38|scale=280|text=[[Liège (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|<span style="color:black;font-size:125%">15</span>]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.72|y=0.19|scale=280|text=[[Limburg (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|<span style="color:black;font-size:125%">12</span>]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.75|y=0.6|scale=280|text=[[Luxembourg (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|<span style="color:black;font-size:125%">4</span>]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.60|y=0.46|scale=280|text=[[Namur (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|<span style="color:black;font-size:125%">6</span>]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.51|y=0.355|scale=280|text=[[Walloon Brabant (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|<span style="color:black;font-size:125%">5</span>]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.11|y=0.19|scale=280|text=[[West Flanders (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|<span style="color:black;font-size:125%">16</span>]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.1|y=0.6|scale=280|text={{Legend|#fab274|{{Flag|Flanders}}}}}}
{{Image label|x=0.1|y=0.67|scale=280|text={{Legend|#f2536b|{{Flag|Wallonia}}}}}}
{{Image label|x=0.1|y=0.74|scale=280|text={{Legend|#2385d2|{{Flag|Brussels}}}}}}
{{Image label end}}
</div><noinclude>

The 150 members of the [[Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)|Chamber of Representatives]] were elected in 11 multi-member [[Constituencies of Belgium|constituencies]], being the ten [[Provinces of Belgium|provinces]] and Brussels, with between 4 and 24 seats. Seats are allocated using the [[D'Hondt method]], with an [[electoral threshold]] of 5% per constituency.<ref>[http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2029_B.htm Electoral system] IPU</ref>

Representatives elected from the five [[Flemish Region]] provinces, [[ntwerp (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|Antwerp]] (24), [[East Flanders (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|East Flanders]] (20), [[Flemish Brabant (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|Flemish Brabant]] (15), [[Limburg (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|Limburg]] (12) and [[West Flanders (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|West Flanders]] (16), automatically belonged to the Dutch-speaking language group in parliament, whereas those elected from the five provinces of [[Wallonia]], [[Hainaut (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|Hainaut]] (18), [[Liège (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|Liège]] (15), [[Luxembourg (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|Luxembourg]] (4), [[Namur (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|Namur]] (6) and [[Walloon Brabant (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|Walloon Brabant]] (5), formed the French-speaking language group. The 15 members elected in [[Brussels (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|Brussels]] could choose to join either group. Apportionment of seats is done every ten years in accordance with population data, last by royal order of 31 January 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi/article_body.pl?language=nl&caller=summary&pub_date=2013-02-14&numac=2013000095|title=Moniteur Belge - Belgisch Staatsblad|website=www.ejustice.just.fgov.be|access-date=2019-06-28}}</ref>

The 60-member [[Senate (Belgium)|Senate]] is composed of 50 representatives from the regional and community parliaments, plus 10 co-opted senators proportionally divided among parties based on the result of the federal election.

All Belgian citizens aged 18 or over were [[Compulsory voting|obligated to participate in the election]]. Non-Belgian citizens residing in Belgium (regardless of EU citizenship) couldn't vote, whereas Belgian citizens living abroad could register to vote.

==Date==
The [[Sixth Belgian state reform|2011–14 state reform]] changed several aspects regarding federal elections. Starting with the May 2014 election, which coincided with European Parliament and regional elections, the federal parliament is elected for a five-year term rather than a four-year term.

The federal elections would from then on always coincide with the European Parliament elections;<ref>Article 65 of the Belgian Constitution</ref> snap federal elections would trigger a parliamentary term lasting until the next European Parliament elections.<ref>Article 46 of the Belgian Constitution</ref> However, as of 2017, a law needed for this to take effect had not yet been enacted. Given the five-year term for all three elections, they all coincided in 2019 regardless, as no snap federal elections were called.

Additionally, de facto practice is to formally [[Dissolution of parliament|dissolve parliament]] and trigger new elections by [[Declaration of Revision of the Constitution]] shortly before regular expiry of the parliamentary term.

==Parties and leaders==
{{Main|Political parties in Belgium}}
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" colspan="3"| Name
! rowspan="2"| Ideology
! rowspan="2"| Leader
! colspan="2"| 2014 result
|-
! Votes (%)
! Seats
|-
! colspan=7| [[Flemish Community|Flemish]] parties
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|New Flemish Alliance}}|
| align=center| '''N-VA'''
| [[New Flemish Alliance]]<br />{{small|''Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie''}}
| [[Flemish Movement|Flemish nationalism]]
| [[Bart De Wever]]
| align=center| 20.3%
| {{Composition bar|33|150|{{party color|New Flemish Alliance}}}}
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams}}|
| align=center| '''CD&V'''
| [[Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams|Christian Democratic and Flemish]]<br />{{small|''Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams''}}
| [[Christian democracy]]
| [[Wouter Beke]]
| align=center| 11.6%
| {{Composition bar|18|150|{{party color|Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams}}}}
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten}}|
| align=center| '''Open Vld'''
| [[Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten|Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats]]<br />{{small|''Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten''}}
| [[Liberalism in Belgium|Liberalism]]
| [[Gwendolyn Rutten]]
| align=center| 9.8%
| {{Composition bar|14|150|{{party color|Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten}}}}
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Socialistische Partij Anders}}|
| align=center| '''sp.a'''
| [[Socialistische Partij Anders|Socialist Party Differently]]<br />{{small|''Socialistische Partij Anders''}}
| [[Social democracy]]
| [[John Crombez]]
| align=center| 8.8%
| {{Composition bar|13|150|{{party color|Socialistische Partij Anders}}}}
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Groen (political party)}}|
| align=center| '''Groen'''
| [[Groen (political party)|Green]]<br />{{small|''Groen''}}
| [[Green politics]]
| [[Meyrem Almaci]]
| align=center| 5.3%
| {{Composition bar|6|150|{{party color|Groen (political party)}}}}
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Vlaams Belang}}|
| align=center| '''VB'''
| [[Vlaams Belang|Flemish Interest]]<br />{{small|''Vlaams Belang''}}
| [[Flemish Movement|Flemish nationalism]]
| [[Tom Van Grieken]]
| align=center| 3.7%
| {{Composition bar|3|150|{{party color|Vlaams Belang}}}}
|-
! colspan=7| [[French Community of Belgium|Francophone]] parties
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Parti Socialiste (Belgium)}}|
| align=center| '''PS'''
| [[Parti Socialiste (Belgium)|Socialist Party]]<br />{{small|''Parti Socialiste''}}
| [[Social democracy]]
| [[Elio Di Rupo]]
| align=center| 11.7%
| {{Composition bar|23|150|{{party color|Parti Socialiste (Belgium)}}}}
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Mouvement Réformateur}}|
| align=center| '''MR'''
| [[Mouvement Réformateur|Reformist Movement]]<br />{{small|''Mouvement Réformateur''}}
| [[Liberalism in Belgium|Liberalism]]
| [[Charles Michel]]
| align=center| 9.6%
| {{Composition bar|20|150|{{party color|Mouvement Réformateur}}}}
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Centre démocrate humaniste}}|
| align=center| '''cdH'''
| [[Centre démocrate humaniste|Humanist Democratic Centre]]<br />{{small|''Centre démocrate humaniste''}}
| [[Christian democracy]]
| [[Maxime Prévot]]
| align=center| 5.0%
| {{Composition bar|9|150|{{party color|Centre démocrate humaniste}}}}
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Ecolo}}|
| align=center| '''Ecolo'''
| [[Ecolo]]<br />{{small|''Ecolo''}}
| [[Green politics]]
| [[Jean-Marc Nollet]] &<br>[[Zakia Khattabi]]
| align=center| 3.3%
| {{Composition bar|6|150|{{party color|Ecolo}}}}
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|DéFI}}|
| align=center| '''DéFI'''
| [[DéFI]]<br />{{small|''DéFI''}}
| [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| [[Olivier Maingain]]
| align=center| 1.8%
| {{Composition bar|2|150|{{party color|DéFI}}}}
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|People's Party (Belgium)}}|
| align=center| '''PP'''
| [[People's Party (Belgium)|People's Party]]<br />{{small|''Parti populaire''}}
| [[Right-wing populism]]
| [[Mischaël Modrikamen]]
| align=center| 1.5%
| {{Composition bar|1|150|{{party color|People's Party (Belgium)}}}}
|-
! colspan=7| Bilingual parties
|-
| bgcolor={{party color|Workers' Party of Belgium}}|
| align=center| '''PVDA–PTB'''
| [[Workers' Party of Belgium]]<br />{{small|''Partij van de Arbeid van België<br>Parti du Travail de Belgique''}}
| [[Marxism]]
| [[Peter Mertens]]
| align=center| 3.7%
| {{Composition bar|2|150|{{party color|Workers' Party of Belgium}}}}
|}

=== Lead candidates ===

The following candidates are the first on the respective party list (''[[Lijsttrekker|lijsttrekker'' / ''tête de liste]]'') per constituency.

==== Dutch-speaking constituencies ====
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="width:175px;" | Party
! style="width:175px;" | {{flag|Antwerp}}
! style="width:175px;" | {{flag|East Flanders}}
! style="width:175px;" | {{flag|Flemish Brabant}}
! style="width:175px;" | {{flag|Limburg (Belgium)|name=Limburg}}
! style="width:175px;" | {{flag|West Flanders}}
! style="width:175px;" | {{flag|Brussels}}
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Christian Democratic and Flemish}}; width:2px;" |
| CD&V
| [[Servais Verherstraeten]]
| [[Pieter De Crem]]
| [[Koen Geens]]
| [[Wouter Beke]]
| [[Hendrik Bogaert]]
| [[Sabine de Bethune]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Green!}}; width:2px;" |
| Groen
| [[Kristof Calvo]]
| [[Stefaan Van Hecke]]
| [[Jessika Soors]]
| [[Barbara Creemers]]
| [[Wouter De Vriendt]]
| {{NA}}
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|New Flemish Alliance}}; width:2px;" |
| N-VA
| [[Jan Jambon]]
| [[Anneleen Van Bossuyt]]
| [[Theo Francken]]
| [[Zuhal Demir]]
| [[Sander Loones]]
| [[Elias Kartout]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats}}; width:2px;" |
| Open Vld
| [[Christian Leysen]]
| [[Alexander De Croo]]
| [[Maggie De Block]]
| [[Patrick Dewael]]
| [[Vincent Van Quickenborne]]
| [[Mimi Crahaij]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Workers' Party (Belgium)}}; width:2px;" |
| PVDA
| [[Peter Mertens]]
| [[Steven De Vuyst]]
| [[Bea Knaepen]]
| [[Ayse Yigit]]
| [[Ilona Vandenberghe]]
| 
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party Differently}}; width:2px;" |
| sp.a
| [[Yasmine Kherbache]]
| [[Joris Vandenbroucke]]
| [[Karin Jiroflée]]
| [[Meryame Kitir]]
| [[John Crombez]]
| 
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Flemish Interest}}; width:2px;" |
| Vlaams Belang
| [[Tom Van Grieken]]
| [[Barbara Pas]]
| [[Dries Van Langenhove]]
| [[Annick Ponthier]]
| [[Wouter Vermeersch]]
| 
|}

==== French-speaking constituencies ====
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="width:175px;" | Party
! style="width:175px;" | {{flag|Hainaut}}
! style="width:175px;" | {{flag|Liège}}
! style="width:175px;" | {{flag|Luxembourg (Belgium)|name=Luxembourg}}
! style="width:175px;" | {{flag|Namur}}
! style="width:175px;" | {{flag|Walloon Brabant}}
! style="width:175px;" | {{flag|Brussels}}
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Humanist Democratic Centre}}; width:2px;" |
| cdH
| [[Catherine Fonck]]
| [[Vanessa Matz]]
| [[René Collin]]
| [[Maxime Prévot]]
| [[Olivier Vanham]]
| [[Joëlle Milquet]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Francophone Democratic Federalists}}; width:2px;" |
| DéFI
| [[Alexandra Dupire]]
| 
| 
| [[Pierre-Yves Dupuis]]
| 
| [[François De Smet]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Ecolo}}; width:2px;" |
| Ecolo
| [[Jean-Marc Nollet]]
| [[Sarah Schlitz]]
| [[Cécile Thibaut]]
| [[Georges Gilkinet]]
| [[Simon Moutquin]]
| [[Zakia Khattabi]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Reformist Movement}}; width:2px;" |
| MR
| [[Denis Ducarme]]
| [[Daniel Bacquelaine]]
| [[Benoit Piedboeuf]]
| [[David Clarinval]]
| [[Charles Michel]]
| [[Didier Reynders]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|People's Party (Belgium)}}; width:2px;" |
| PP
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (francophone Belgium)}}; width:2px;" |
| PS
| [[Elio Di Rupo]]
| [[Frédéric Daerden]]
| 
| 
| [[André Flahaut]]
| [[Ahmed Laaouej]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Workers' Party (Belgium)}}; width:2px;" |
| PTB
| [[Marco Van Hees]]
| [[Raoul Hedebouw]]
| 
| [[Thierry Warmoes]]
| 
| [[Maria Vindevoghel]]
|}

==Campaign==
Despite leaving the government coalition in late 2018, it was the explicit ambition of N-VA to continue governing after the May 2019 election. In January 2019, the party put forward ex-minister [[Jan Jambon]] as candidate for Prime Minister should the party enter a coalition.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2019/01/14/n-va-maakt-lijsttrekkers-bekend/|title=De Wever is kandidaat om Vlaams minister-president te worden, Jambon kandidaat-premier, Bourgeois gaat Europees|date=14 January 2019|publisher=VRTNWS}}</ref> A continuation of the "Swedish coalition"{{efn|Named after blue for the Reform Movement and the Flemish Liberals and Democrats, yellow for the New Flemish Alliance and the cross for Christian Democratic and Flemish}} (N-VA, MR, CD&V and Open Vld), potentially expanded with cdH, was a likely scenario. Outgoing Prime Minister [[Charles Michel]] (MR) was candidate to continue in his position.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.7sur7.be/7s7/fr/18101/Elections-2019/article/detail/3526110/2019/04/17/Charles-Michel-est-le-candidat-Premier-ministre-du-MR.dhtml|title=Charles Michel est le candidat Premier ministre du MR|date=17 April 2019|publisher=7sur7}}</ref>

Meanwhile, the French-speaking Socialist Party (PS) had the ambition to re-enter government as well, or "re-conquer" as formulated by leader [[Elio Di Rupo]], after being in the opposition at federal level and being ousted from the Walloon government.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hln.be/nieuws/binnenland/di-rupo-ps-het-is-tijd-voor-de-herovering-we-zijn-het-enige-geloofwaardige-linkse-alternatief~a1b444bc/|title=Di Rupo (PS): "Het is tijd voor de herovering. We zijn het enige geloofwaardige linkse alternatief"|date=11 January 2019|publisher=Het Laatste Nieuws}}</ref>

Additionally, there was speculation that the Flemish liberal and green parties (Open Vld and Groen) would favour cooperating, given Groen's recent rise and their local governing coalitions in cities like Mechelen, Gent and Oostende. However, their French-speaking counterparts, MR and Ecolo, are politically and ideologically further apart.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.standaard.be/cnt/dmf20181207_04016534|title=Blauw en groen kunnen elkaar vinden in 2019|date=8 December 2018|publisher=De Standaard}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2019/01/11/de-blauw-groene-motor-loopt-in-vlaanderen-misschien-warm-maar-i/|title=De blauw-groene motor loopt in Vlaanderen misschien warm, maar in Franstalig België helemaal niet|date=11 January 2019|publisher=VRTNWS}}</ref>

==Retiring incumbents==
The following [[List of members of the Chamber of Representatives of Belgium, 2014–19|incumbent members of the Chamber of Representatives]] announced their retirement from (national) politics:
* [[Hans Bonte]] (sp.a, Flemish Brabant)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.demorgen.be/binnenland/hans-bonte-stopt-met-nationale-politiek-b3ecc0aa/|title=Hans Bonte stopt met nationale politiek|publisher=De Morgen|date=23 April 2018}}</ref>
* [[Peter Dedecker]] (N-VA, East Flanders)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.standaard.be/cnt/dmf20171211_03236353|title=Peter Dedecker (N-VA) stopt in 2019 met actieve politiek|publisher=De Standaard|date=11 December 2017}}</ref>
* [[Alain Mathot]] (PS, Liège)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.levif.be/actualite/belgique/alain-mathot-annonce-renoncer-a-se-presenter-aux-prochains-scrutins/article-normal-861011.html|title=Alain Mathot annonce renoncer à se présenter aux prochains scrutins|publisher=Le Vif|date=30 June 2018}}</ref>
* [[Laurette Onkelinx]] (PS, Brussels)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.standaard.be/cnt/dmf20170913_03069854|title=Onkelinx stopt met actieve politiek in 2019|publisher=De Standaard|date=13 September 2017}}</ref>
* [[Goedele Uyttersprot]] (N-VA, East Flanders)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.standaard.be/cnt/dmf20190121_04120935|title=Goedele Uyttersprot (N-VA) keert niet meer terug naar Kamer|date=21 January 2018|publisher=De Standaard}}</ref>
* [[Dirk Van der Maelen]] (sp.a, East Flanders)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://deredactie.be/permalink/1.3017250|title=SP.A'er Dirk Van der Maelen is geen kandidaat meer in 2019|publisher=deredactie.be|date=5 July 2017}}</ref>
* [[Eric Van Rompuy]] (CD&V, Flemish Brabant)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.standaard.be/cnt/dmf20170207_02717639|title=Eric Van Rompuy stopt in 2019: 'Er is een tijd van komen en gaan'|publisher=De Standaard|date=7 February 2017}}</ref>
* [[Peter Vanvelthoven]] (sp.a, Limburg)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hbvl.be/cnt/dmf20190115_04105575/peter-vanvelthoven-sp-a-stopt-helemaal-met-politiek|title=Peter Vanvelthoven (sp.a) stopt helemaal met politiek|publisher=Het Belang van Limburg|date=15 January 2019}}</ref>
* [[Jan Vercammen]] (N-VA, West Flanders)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.focus-wtv.be/nieuws/n-va-kamerlid-jan-vercammen-houdt-ermee-op|title=N-VA-Kamerlid Jan Vercammen houdt ermee op|publisher=Focus WTV|date=21 February 2018}}</ref>

==Opinion polls==
{{main|Opinion polling for the 2019 Belgian federal election}}

==Results==
{{see also|List of members of the Chamber of Representatives of Belgium, 2019–24}}
[[File:PoliticsBelgium2019.jpg|thumb|500x500px|Map of the largest party in each municipality]]
{{Election results
|image=[[File:Belgium Chamber of Representatives 2019 v2.svg]]
|party1=[[New Flemish Alliance]]|votes1=1086787|sw1=–4.23|seats1=25|sc1=–8
|party2=[[Vlaams Belang]]|votes2=810177|sw2=+8.28|seats2=18|sc2=+15
|party3=[[Socialist Party (Belgium)|Socialist Party]]|votes3=641623|sw3=–2.21|seats3=20|sc3=–3
|party4=[[Christian Democratic and Flemish]]|votes4=602520|sw4=–2.72|seats4=12|sc4=–6
|party5=[[Workers' Party of Belgium]]|votes5=584621|sw5=+4.90|seats5=12|sc5=+10
|party6=[[Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats]]|votes6=579334|sw6=–1.24|seats6=12|sc6=–2
|party7=[[Reformist Movement]]|votes7=512825|sw7=–2.08|seats7=14|sc7=–6
|party8=[[Socialist Party Different]]|votes8=455034|sw8=–2.12|seats8=9|sc8=–4
|party9=[[Ecolo]]|votes9=416452|sw9=+2.84|seats9=13|sc9=+7
|party10=[[Groen (political party)|Groen]]|votes10=413836|sw10=+0.78|seats10=8|sc10=+2
|party11=[[Humanist Democratic Centre]]|votes11=250861|sw11=–1.28|seats11=5|sc11=–4
|party12=[[DéFI]]|votes12=150394|sw12=+0.42|seats12=2|sc12=0
|party13=[[People's Party (Belgium)|People's Party]]|votes13=75096|sw13=–0.39|seats13=0|sc13=–1
|party14=[[DierAnimal]]|votes14=47733|sw14=New|seats14=0|sc14=New
|party15=[[Liberal Democrats (Belgium)|Destexhe Lists]]|votes15=42712|sw15=New|seats15=0|sc15=New
|party16=Citizen Collective|votes16=21092|sw16=New|seats16=0|sc16=New
|party17=La Droite|votes17=15075|sw17=–0.16|seats17=0|sc17=0
|party18=[[Nation (political party)|Nation]]|votes18=10583|sw18=0.00|seats18=0|sc18=0
|party19=Les Belges d'Abord|votes19=10463|sw19=New|seats19=0|sc19=New
|party20=[[Agir (Belgium)|Agir]]|votes20=7598|sw20=New|seats20=0|sc20=New
|party21=[[Pirate Party (Belgium)|Pirate Party]]|votes21=7521|sw21=–0.23|seats21=0|sc21=0
|party22=Democratic Solidarity Appeal|votes22=5949|sw22=New|seats22=0|sc22=New
|party23={{ill|Lutte Ouvrière (Belgium)|nl|Arbeidersstrijd|lt=Lutte Ouvrière}}|votes23=5735|sw23=+0.03|seats23=0|sc23=0
|party24=PRO De Burgerlobby|votes24=5682|sw24=New|seats24=0|sc24=New
|party25=Wallonie Insoumise|votes25=5354|sw25=New|seats25=0|sc25=New
|party26=[[Belgische Unie – Union Belge|BUB Belgische Unie]]|votes26=4513|sw26=New|seats26=0|sc26=New
|party27=Peace and Solidarity Party|votes27=3217|sw27=New|seats27=0|sc27=New
|party28=[[Belgische Unie – Union Belge|B.U.B]]|votes28=2098|sw28=New|seats28=0|sc28=New
|party29=de coöperatie|votes29=1732|sw29=New|seats29=0|sc29=New
|party30=[[Volt Europa|Volt]]|votes30=1669|sw30=New|seats30=0|sc30=New
|party31=[[Communist Party of Belgium (1989)|Communist Party of Belgium]]|votes31=1626|sw31=New|seats31=0|sc31=New
|party32=Turquoise|votes32=626|sw32=New|seats32=0|sc32=New
|invalid=438095
|total_sc=0
|electorate=8167709
|source=[https://elections2019.belgium.be/fr/resultats-chiffres?el=CK&id=CKR00000 IBZ]
}}

=== Results by region ===

==== Flanders ====
{{election results
|image=<!--{{parliament diagram|background=#F8F9FA
 |n1= 3|p1=Workers' Party of Belgium
 |n2= 8|p2=Groen (political party)
 |n3= 9|p3=Socialistische Partij Anders
 |n4=12|p4=Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten
 |n5=12|p5=Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams
 |n6=25|p6=New Flemish Alliance
 |n7=18|p7=Vlaams Belang
}}-->
|votes1 = 1086787 |seats1 = 25 |sc1 = −8 |party1=[[New Flemish Alliance]]
|votes2 =  810177 |seats2 = 18 |sc2 =+15 |party2=[[Vlaams Belang]]
|votes3 =  602520 |seats3 = 12 |sc3 = −6 |party3=[[Christian Democratic and Flemish]]
|votes4 =  579334 |seats4 = 12 |sc4 = −2 |party4=[[Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats]]
|votes5 =  455034 |seats5 =  9 |sc5 = −4 |party5=[[Socialist Party Different]]
|votes6 =  413836 |seats6 =  8 |sc6 = +2 |party6=[[Groen (political party)|Groen]]
|votes7 =  236897 |seats7 =  3 |sc7 = +3 |party7=[[Workers' Party of Belgium]]
|votes8 =   67652 |row8=Others
}}
==== Wallonia ====
{{election results
|image=<!--{{parliament diagram|background=#F8F9FA
 |n1= 9|p1=Workers' Party of Belgium
 |n2=13|p2=Ecolo
 |n3=20|p3=Parti Socialiste (Belgium)
 |n4= 2|p4=DéFI
 |n5=14|p5=Mouvement Réformateur
 |n6= 5|p6=Centre démocrate humaniste
}}-->
|votes1 = 641623 |seats1 = 20 |sc1 = −3 |party1=[[Socialist Party (Belgium)|Socialist Party]]
|votes2 = 512825 |seats2 = 14 |sc2 = −6 |party2=[[Reformist Movement]]
|votes3 = 416452 |seats3 = 13 |sc3 = +7 |party3=[[Ecolo]]
|votes4 = 347724 |seats4 =  9 |sc4 = +7 |party4=[[Workers' Party of Belgium]]
|votes5 = 250861 |seats5 =  5 |sc5 = −4 |party5=[[Humanist Democratic Centre]]
|votes6 = 150394 |seats6 =  2 |sc6 = 0 |party6=[[DéFI]]
|votes7 =  75096 |seats7 =  0 |sc7 = −1 |party7=[[People's Party (Belgium)|People's Party]]
|votes8 =  42712 |seats8 =  0 |sc8 =''New''|party8=[[Liberal Democrats (Belgium)|Destexhe Lists]]
|votes9 =  90614 |row9=Others
}}
==== Brussels-Capital ====
{{election results
|image=<!--{{parliament diagram|background=#F8F9FA
 |n1=2|p1=Workers' Party of Belgium
 |n2=4|p2=Ecolo
 |n3=3|p3=Parti Socialiste (Belgium)
 |n4=2|p4=DéFI
 |n5=3|p5=Mouvement Réformateur
 |n6=1|p6=Centre démocrate humaniste
}}-->
|votes1 = 108144 |seats1 = 4 |sc1 = +2 |party1=[[Ecolo]]–[[Groen (political party)|Groen]]
|votes2 = 100195 |seats2 = 3 |sc2 = −2 |party2=[[Socialist Party (Belgium)|Socialist Party]]–[[Socialist Party Different]]
|votes3 =  87594 |seats3 = 3 |sc3 = −1 |party3=[[Reformist Movement]]
|votes4 =  61589 |seats4 = 2 |sc4 = +2 |party4=[[Workers' Party of Belgium]]
|votes5 =  51544 |seats5 = 2 |sc5 = 0 |party5=[[DéFI]]
|votes6 =  29161 |seats6 = 1 |sc6 = −1 |party6=[[Humanist Democratic Centre]]
|votes7 =  15983 |seats7 = 0 |sc7 = 0 |party7=[[New Flemish Alliance]]
|votes8 =  12879 |seats8 = 0 |sc8 =''New''|party8=[[Liberal Democrats (Belgium)|Destexhe Lists]]
|votes9 =  11511 |s9ats4 = 0 |sc9 = 0 |party9=[[Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats]]
|votes10=   8455 |s10ats7= 0 |sc10= 0 |party10=[[People's Party (Belgium)|People's Party]]
|votes11=   7824 |seats11= 0 |sc11= 0 |party11=[[Vlaams Belang]]
|votes12=   6580 |seats12= 0 |sc12= 0 |party12=[[Christian Democratic and Flemish]]
}}

===Senate===
Since the [[Sixth Belgian state reform|sixth state reform]] of 2011, the [[Senate (Belgium)|Senate]] is no longer directly elected. The regional parliaments elect 50 senators based on the results of the concurrent regional elections (the [[Flemish Parliament]] elects 29, the [[Parliament of the French Community]] elects ten, the [[Walloon Parliament]] elects eight, the [[Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region]] elects two Francophone senators and the [[Parliament of the German-speaking Community]] elects one). The elected senators in turn co-opt 10 senators (six Dutch-speaking and four Francophone), making a total of 60 senators.

The distributiuon of seats among parties resulted as following:<ref>{{cite news |title=Verkiezingen veranderen ook samenstelling Senaat grondig |url=https://www.hln.be/binnenland/verkiezingen-veranderen-ook-samenstelling-senaat-grondig~af7c636e/ |access-date=23 January 2024 |work=HLN |date=28 May 2019 |language=nl}}</ref>

{{Election results
|image=[[File:Bélgica Senado 2019.svg]]
|seattype1=Elected|seattype2=Co-opted|seattype3=Total|seattype4=+/–
|party1=[[New Flemish Alliance]]|votes1=|st1t1=8|st2t1=1|st3t1=9|st4t1=–3
|party2=[[Vlaams Belang]]|votes2=|st1t2=6|st2t2=1|st3t2=7|st4t2=+5
|party3=[[Socialist Party (Belgium)|Socialist Party]]|votes3=|st1t3=6|st2t3=1|st3t3=7|st4t3=–2
|party4=[[Reformist Movement]]{{efn|Elected members included one German-speaking senator from the [[Perspectives. Freedom. Progress.|Party for Freedom and Progress]].}}|votes4=|st1t4=6|st2t4=1|st3t4=7|st4t4=–1
|party5=[[Workers' Party of Belgium|Workers' Party]]{{efn|The elected members included three Francophone senators and one Dutch-speaking one; the co-opted member was Francophone.}}|votes5=|st1t5=4|st2t5=1|st3t5=5|st4t5=+5
|party6=[[Christian Democratic and Flemish]]|votes6=|st1t6=4|st2t6=1|st3t6=5|st4t6=–3
|party7=[[Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats]]|votes7=|st1t7=4|st2t7=1|st3t7=5|st4t7=0
|party8=[[Ecolo]]|votes8=|st1t8=4|st2t8=1|st3t8=5|st4t8=+2
|party9=[[Socialist Party Different]]|votes9=|st1t9=3|st2t9=1|st3t9=4|st4t9=–1
|party10=[[Groen (political party)|Groen]]|votes10=|st1t10=3|st2t10=1|st3t10=4|st4t10=+1
|party11=[[Humanist Democratic Centre]]|votes11=|st1t11=2|st2t11=0|st3t11=2|st4t11=–2
|total_st4t=0
}}

==Aftermath==
{{Main|2019–20 Belgian government formation}}

The election once again exposed the deep linguistic, ethnic and regional divisions of Belgium, with the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders strongly voting for right-wing Flemish nationalist and separatist parties, and the French-speaking region of Wallonia strongly voting left.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/05/29/belgian-king-meets-flemish-far-right-first-time-since-1930s/ Belgian king meets Flemish far right for first time since 1930s, amid fears of 'Vlexit' breakaway] The Telegraph, 29 May 2019</ref><ref>[https://www.politico.eu/article/belgium-election-results-analysis/ Election treble spells trouble for Belgium] Politico, 27 May 2019</ref>

In response to [[Vlaams Belang]]'s surge in support there has been some speculation that the [[New Flemish Alliance|N-VA]] leader [[Bart De Wever]] may break the ''[[Cordon sanitaire (politics)|Cordon sanitaire]]'' imposed on the party, resulting in the two Flemish nationalist parties joining forces, by refusing to rule out talks with the VB, as their strong results could make forming a coalition more difficult.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/eu-elections-2019/news/belgian-black-sunday-sees-far-right-surge-threatening-new-government-crisis/|title=Belgium's 'Black Sunday' sees far-right surge, threatens new government crisis|work=Euractive|date=27 May 2019|access-date=28 May 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/all-news/belgium-all-news/57328/belgiums-far-right-not-ruled-out-of-potential-coalition/|title=Belgium's far-right not ruled out of potential coalition|work=The Brussels Times|date=27 May 2019|access-date=28 May 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref>

The [[People's Party (Belgium)|People's Party]], a small right-wing French-speaking party, dissolved on 18 June through an internal party vote in response to losing their only seat in the elections. Former party leader [[Mischaël Modrikamen]] blamed the "systematic exclusion of the People's Party from the political and media debate."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lalibre.be/belgique/politique-belge/modrikamen-l-a-annonce-le-pp-c-est-termine-5d0a384f9978e2779656502c|title=Modrikamen l'a annoncé: le PP, c'est terminé|date=19 June 2019|website=La Libre}}</ref>

In the days following the election, [[Philippe of Belgium|King Philippe]] held consultations with all main party leaders, including [[Vlaams Belang]] party leader [[Tom Van Grieken]]. According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', it was the first time a Belgian monarch met a representative from a far-right party since 1936, when [[Leopold III of Belgium|King Leopold III]] met the representatives of the [[Rexist Party]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/29/belgian-king-meeting-far-right-leader-sparks-controversy Belgian king's meeting with far-right leader sparks controversy] The Guardian, 29 May 2019</ref>

On 30 May, King Philippe appointed [[Johan Vande Lanotte]] (sp.a) and [[Didier Reynders]] (MR), two experienced politicians with a long period of service, as [[informateur]]s. They reported on their progress by 6 June as expected,<ref>[https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2019/05/30/koning-ontvangt/ Koning Filip stelt Johan Vande Lanotte en Didier Reynders aan als informateur] VRT, 30 May 2019</ref> after which they were given some more time, with a new deadline of 17 June.<ref>[https://vrtnws.be/p.lWR6V4PKq Reynders en Vande Lanotte blijven informateur tot 17 juni: "Lange formatie van 2010 overdoen, is niet mogelijk"] VRT, 6 June 2019</ref> After this deadline passed, another extension was granted until 1 July,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190623113613/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-06/18/c_138151220.htm Mission to form Belgian government extended by King Philippe] Xinhua, 18 June 2019</ref> and again until 29 July<ref>[https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2019/07/01/informateurs-vande-lanotte-en-reynders-werken-verder-aan-preform/ Informateurs Vande Lanotte en Reynders werken verder aan preformatienota] VRT, 1 July 2019</ref> and one more extension until 9 September.<ref>[https://nieuws.vtm.be/politiek/vande-lanotte-en-reynders-nog-tot-9-september-informateur Vande Lanotte en Reynders nog tot 9 september informateur] VTM, 29 July 2019</ref>

On 24 August the Belgian government decided to appoint Didier Reynders as [[European Commissioner]].<ref>[https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2019/08/24/reynders-eurocommissaris/ Didier Reynders (MR) voorgedragen als Belgische Eurocommissaris: "Franstaligen waren eensgezind, Vlamingen niet"] VRT, 24 August 2019</ref> On 4 October 2019, King Philippe announced the end of the first phase of federal government formation talks, with the informateurs advising that a government of the N-VA, the Socialist Party and the Greens was the best option to pursue. The informateurs will report back to the king of the 4 November, following which a formateur will be appointed to introduce the third stage of government formation.<ref>[https://royalcentral.co.uk/europe/belgium/king-philippe-introduces-new-phase-in-government-formation-131716/] Royal Central, 9 October 2019</ref>

On 4 November, the two new informateurs, Rudy Demotte and Geert Bourgeois, offered their resignations to the King, as they could not break the political deadlock.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://euobserver.com/political/146520|title=Belgium's political deadlock is complete|date=5 November 2019 }}</ref>

On 17 March 2020, the successor of [[Michel II Government]], the Wilmès Government, [[Wilmès II Government|had its mandate extended]]. Most parliamentary parties provided them external support in order to manage the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium|coronavirus pandemic]]. Informal talks on forming a new government began in June 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://crisisinbelgium.blogspot.com/2020/06/mission-impossible.html|title = Crisis in Belgium: Mission Impossible|date = June 2020}}</ref> Wilmès II government was eventually replaced by the permanent seven-party coalition — [[De Croo Government]] in October, with Wilmès becoming one of the deputy prime ministers.

==See also==
*[[2019 Belgian regional elections]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://elections2019.belgium.be/en Elections 2019] [[Federal Public Service Interior]]

{{Belgian elections}}

[[Category:2019 elections in Belgium|Federal]]
[[Category:May 2019 events in Belgium|Federal]]
[[Category:Federal elections in Belgium]]
[[Category:2019 elections in Europe|Belgium]]

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Return to 2019 Belgian federal election.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Belgian_federal_election"