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{{Short description|Ecological region of North America}}
{{Coord missing|Mexico}}

[[File:Aridoamerica (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|200px|Aridoamerica region of North America]]

'''Aridoamerica''' is a [[cultural region|cultural]] and [[ecoregion|ecological region]] spanning [[Northern Mexico]] and the [[Southwestern United States]], defined by the presence of the drought-resistant, culturally significant [[staple food]], the [[tepary bean]] (''[[Phaseolus acutifolius]]'').<ref name=t419>Pratt and Nabhan 419</ref> Its dry, arid climate and geography stand in contrast to the verdant [[Mesoamerica]] of present-day central Mexico into Central America<ref name=c85>Cordell and Fowler 85</ref> to the south and east, and the higher, milder "island" of [[Oasisamerica]] to the north. Aridoamerica overlaps with both.<ref name=t419/>

Because of the relatively hard conditions, the [[pre-Columbian era|pre-Columbian]] people in this region developed distinct cultures and subsistence farming patterns. The region has only {{convert|120|mm|in|abbr=on}} to {{convert|160|mm|in|abbr=on}} of annual precipitation. The sparse rainfall feeds seasonal [[stream|creeks]] and waterholes.<ref name="Bye and Linares 273">Bye and Linares 273</ref>

The term was introduced by American anthropologist [[Gary Paul Nabhan]] in 1985,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nabhan |first1=G.B. |title=Native crop diversity in Aridoamerica: Conservation of regional gene pools |journal=Economic Botany |volume=39|issue=4|pages=387–99 |date=October 1985 |url=https://arizona.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/native-crop-diversity-in-aridoamerica-conservation-of-regional-ge|access-date=3 July 2017|doi=10.1007/bf02858746|bibcode=1985EcBot..39..387N |s2cid=23223873|url-access=subscription}}</ref> building on prior work by anthropologists [[A. L. Kroeber]] and [[Paul Kirchhoff]] to identify a "true cultural entity" for the desert region. Kirchhoff first introduced the term 'Arid America' in 1954, and wrote: "I propose for that of the gatherers the name 'Arid America' and 'Arid American Culture,' and for that of the farmers 'Oasis America' and 'American Oasis Culture'".<ref>Paul Kirchhoff, "Gatherers and farmers in the Greater Southwest: a problem in classification", in ''American Anthropologist'', 56 (1954) (Special Southwest Issue), pp. 529–50, see map p. 544.</ref>

Mexican anthropologist [[Guillermo Bonfil Batalla]] notes that although the distinction between Aridoamerica and Mesoamerica is "useful for understanding the general history of precolonial Mexico," that the boundary between the two should not be conceptualized as "a barrier that separated two radically different worlds, but, rather, as a variable limit between climatic regions." The inhabitants of Aridoamerica lived on "an unstable and fluctuating frontier" and were in "constant relations with the civilizations to the south."''<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Mexico Profundo: Reclaiming a Civilization|last=Bonfil Batalla|first=Guillermo|publisher=University of Texas Press|year=1996|isbn=9780292708433|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mexicoprofundore0000bonf/page/9 9]|translator-last=Dennis|translator-first=Philip A.|url=https://archive.org/details/mexicoprofundore0000bonf/page/9}}</ref>''

==Subsistence==
[[File:ChichimecNations.png|thumb|300px|Distribution of tribes called [[Chichimeca]], ca. 1550]]
[[File:Aridoamérica.jpg|thumb|Aridoamerica|300x300px]]

The [[Chichimeca]], an umbrella term for several tribes used by the [[Nahua people]], were [[hunter-gatherer]]s in Aridoamerica grasslands. They gathered [[maguey]]s, [[Yucca gigantea|yucca flowers]], [[mesquite]] beans, [[Salvia columbariae|chia seeds]], and [[cacti]], including the paddles of fruits of [[nopal]] cactus. The [[century plant]] (''[[Agave americana]]'') is a particularly important resource in the region.<ref>Bye and Linares 256</ref>

Despite dry conditions, Aridoamerica boasts the greatest diversity of wild and domesticated tepary beans (''[[Phaseolus acutifolius]]'') and is a possible site of their domestication.<ref name=t419/> [[Maize]] cultivation reached Aridoamerica by about 2100 BCE.<ref name=herr>Herr, Sara A. "The Latest Research on the Earliest Farmers." ''Archaeology Southwest'' Vol. 23, No. 1, Winter 2009, p.1</ref> Archaeologists disagree whether the plant was introduced by [[Uto-Aztecan]] migrants from Mesoamerica or spread either northward or southward from other groups by cultural borrowing.<ref name=herr/>

In [[Baja California]], fishing and hunting provided food, as did harvesting acorns, nopal, [[pine nut]]s, and other native plants.<ref name=baja>{{cite web|last1=Schmal|first1=John P.|title=Indigenous Baja|url=http://www.houstonmuseumofculture.org/mexico/baja.html|website=History of Mexico|publisher=Houston Institute for Culture|access-date=16 November 2015}}</ref>

Historically, people of Aridoamerica [[coppice]]d willows, that is, tree trunks were cut to a stump to encourage the growth of slender shoots. These willow shoots were woven tightly to produce waterproof, cooking baskets. Fire-heated rocks were plunged into a gruel in the baskets to cook.<ref name="Bye and Linares 273"/>

==Deserts==
[[File:Chihuahuan Desert from South Rim BIBE.jpg|left|thumb|The Chihuahuan desert terrain mainly consists of [[Drainage basin|basins]] broken by numerous small [[mountain range]]s.]]
The elevation in the [[Chihuahuan Desert]] varies from 1970 to 5500 feet, as there are several smaller mountain ranges contained in the area, namely the [[San Andres Mountains|San Andres]], [[Doña Ana Mountains|Doña Anas]], and [[Franklin Mountains (Texas)|Franklin Mountains]]. The Chihuahuan is a "[[rain shadow]]" desert, formed between two mountain ranges (the [[Sierra Madre Occidental]] on the west and the [[Sierra Madre Oriental]] on the east) which block oceanic precipitation from reaching the area.<ref name=NMSU>{{cite web | url=http://ddl.nmsu.edu/chihuahua.html | publisher=New Mexico State University | title=The Chihuahuan Desert | access-date=July 6, 2015 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227092714/http://ddl.nmsu.edu/chihuahua.html | archive-date=December 27, 2012 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> The Chihuahuan Desert is considered the "most biologically diverse desert in the Western Hemisphere and one of the most diverse in the world", and includes more species of cacti than any other desert in the world.<ref name=NPSCD>{{cite web | url=http://www.nps.gov/cave/learn/nature/deserts.htm | publisher=National Park Service | title=Chihuahuan Desert | access-date=July 6, 2015}}</ref> The most prolific plants in this region are agave, yucca, and creosote bushes,<ref name=ASW1>{{cite web | url=http://www.americansouthwest.net/deserts.html | publisher=The American Southwest | title=Deserts of Southwest USA | access-date=July 6, 2015}}</ref> in addition to the ubiquitous presence of various cacti species.

[[File:Agfr desert.jpg|thumb|Saguaro cactus in the Sonoran Desert.]]
When people think of the desert southwest, the landscape of the [[Sonoran Desert]] is what mostly comes to mind.<ref name=ASW1/> The Sonoran Desert makes up the southwestern portion of the Southwest. Rainfall averages between 4–12 inches per year, and the desert's most widely known inhabitant is the [[saguaro cactus]], which is unique to the desert.<ref name=WWF>{{cite web | url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/na1310 | publisher=World Wildlife Fund | title=Southern North America: Southwestern United States into northwestern Mexico | access-date=July 6, 2015}}</ref><ref name=LP>{{cite web | url=http://www.questconnect.org/sw_american_southwest.htm | publisher=Lonely Planet | title=The American Southwest; Footsteps of the Ancients Expedition | date= October 1, 2001 | last=Green | first=Kim & Don | access-date=July 6, 2015}}</ref> It is bounded on the northwest by the Mojave Desert, to the north by the Colorado Plateau and to the east by the [[Arizona Mountains forests]] and the Chihuahuan Desert.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_geologic_origin.php | publisher=Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum | title=The Geologic Origin of the Sonoran Desert | access-date=July 6, 2015}}</ref> Aside from the trademark saguaro, the desert has the most diverse plant life of any desert in the world,<ref name=WWF /> and includes many other species of cacti, including the organ-pipe, senita, prickly pear, barrel, fishhook, hedgehog, cholla, silver dollar, and jojoba.<ref name=WWF /><ref name=LP />

The most northwest portion of Aridoamerica is covered by the [[Mojave Desert]]. In terms of topography, the Mojave is very similar to the [[Great Basin Desert]], which lies just to its north.<ref name=ASW1/> The Mojave gets less than six inches of rain annually, and its elevation ranges from 3000 to 6000 feet above sea level.<ref name=DD1>{{cite web | url=http://mojavedesert.net/description.html | publisher=Digital-Desert | title=What & Where is the Mojave Desert? | access-date=July 6, 2015}}</ref> The most prolific vegetation is the tall [[Joshua tree]], which grow as tall as 40 feet, and are thought to live almost 1000 years.<ref name=LP /> Other major vegetation includes the Parry saltbush and the Mojave sage, both only found in the Mojave, as well as the creosote bush.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nps.gov/jotr/learn/nature/mojave.htm | publisher=National Park Service | title=Mojave Desert | access-date=July 6, 2015}}</ref>

==Wildlife==
{{Excessive examples | date=August 2024}}
[[File:Correcaminos Norteño - panoramio (1).jpg|thumb|left|[[Greater roadrunner|Roadrunner]]]]
The region has an extremely diverse bird population, with hundreds of species being found in Aridoamerica. In the [[Chiricahua Mountains]] alone, in southeastern Arizona, there can be found more than 400 species. Species include [[Canada goose|Canada]] (''Branta canadensis'') and [[Snow goose|snow geese]], [[sandhill crane]]s (''Grus canadensis''),<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.desertusa.com/mag08/jun08/birds-in-the-southwest.html | publisher=DesertUSA | title=Looking for Birds in the Southwest | last=Sharp | first=Jay W. | access-date=July 13, 2015}}</ref> and the [[Greater roadrunner|roadrunner]], the most famous bird in the region.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_roadrunner_new.php | publisher=Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum | title=Greater Roadrunner | access-date=July 13, 2015}}</ref> Birds of prey include the [[red-tailed hawk]] (''Buteo jamaicensis''), [[Cooper's hawk]] (''Accipiter cooperii''), [[osprey]] (''Pandion haliaetus''), [[golden eagle]] (''Aquila chrysaetos''), [[Harris's hawk]] (''Parabuteo unicinctus''),<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_hawks_eagles.php | publisher=Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum | title=Hawks & Eagles | access-date=July 13, 2015}}</ref> [[common black hawk]] (''Buteogallus anthracinus''), [[zone-tailed hawk]] (''Buteo albonotatus''), [[bald eagle]] (''Haliaeetus leucocephalus''), [[Swainson's hawk]] (''Buteo swainsoni''), [[American kestrel]] (''Falco sparverius''), [[prairie falcon]] (''Falco mexicanus''), [[peregrine falcon]] (''Falco peregrinus''),<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_caracaras_falcons.php | publisher=Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum  | title=Caracaras & Falcons | access-date=July 13, 2015}}</ref> [[gray hawk]] (''Buteo plagiatus''),<ref>{{cite web | url=http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/652/articles/introduction | publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology | title=Gray Hawk | access-date=July 13, 2015}}</ref> [[American barn owl|barn owl]] (''Tyto alba''), the [[western screech owl]] (''Megascops kennicottii''), [[whiskered screech-owl]] (''Megascops trichopsis''), [[great horned owl]] (''Bubo virginianus''), [[long-eared owl]] (''Asio otus''), [[elf owl]] (''Micrathene whitneyi''), [[ferruginous pygmy-owl]] (''Glaucidium brasilianum''), and [[burrowing owl]], (''Athene cunicularia'').<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_owls.php | publisher=Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum | title=Owls | access-date=July 13, 2015}}</ref> among many others.<ref name="auto">{{cite web | url=https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=40&subview=map&taxon_id=3| title=Observations }}</ref>

Other bird species include the [[turkey vulture]] (''Cathartes aura'') and [[black vulture]] (''Coragyps atratus'');<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_vultures.php | publisher=Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum | title=Vultures | access-date=July 13, 2015}}</ref> the [[northern cardinal]] (''Cardinalis cardinalis'') and its close relative the [[pyrrhuloxia]] (''Cardinalis sinuous''); the [[blue grosbeak]] (''Passerina caerulea'')<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_cardinals_grosbeaks.php | publisher=Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum | title=Cardinals & Grosbeaks | access-date=July 13, 2015}}</ref> and [[black-headed grosbeak]] (''Pheucticus melanocephalus''); the [[varied bunting]] (''Passerina versicolor''), [[house finch]] (''Carpodacus mexicanus''), and [[lesser goldfinch]] (''Spinus psaltria'');<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_finches.php | publisher=Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum | title=Finches | access-date=July 13, 2015}}</ref> the [[broad-billed hummingbird]] (''Cynanthus latirostris''), [[black-chinned hummingbird]] (''Archilochus alexandri''), [[Costa's hummingbird]] (''Calypte costae''),<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_hummingbirds.php | publisher=Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum | title=Hummingbirds | access-date=July 13, 2015}}</ref> [[Anna's hummingbird]] (''Calypte anna''), [[Rivoli's hummingbird]] (''Eugenes fulgens''), [[blue-throated mountain-gem]] (''Lampornis clemenciae''), and [[lucifer hummingbird]] (''Calothorax lucifer''); and the [[Gambel's quail]] (''Callipepla gambelii''),<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_quail.php | publisher=Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum | title=Quail | access-date=July 13, 2015}}</ref> [[common raven]] (''Corvus corax''),<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_raven.php | publisher=Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum | title=Common Raven | access-date=July 13, 2015}}</ref> [[Gila woodpecker]] (''Melanerpes uropygialis''), [[gilded flicker]] (''Colaptes chrysoides''),<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_woodpeckers.php | publisher=Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum | title=Woodpeckers | access-date=July 13, 2015}}</ref> [[cactus wren]] (''Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus''), [[rock wren]] (''Salpinctes obsoletus''),<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.desertmuseum.org/books/nhsd_wrens.php | publisher=Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum | title=Wrens | access-date=July 13, 2015}}</ref> and many oriole (''Icterus''), thrasher (''Toxostoma''), gnatcatcher (''Polioptila''), dove (''Columbidae''), rail (''Rallidae''), and tyrant-flycatcher (''Tyrannidae'') species.<ref name="auto"/>

Mammal species include the [[bobcat]] (''Lynx rufus''), [[coyote]] (''Canis latrans''), [[collared peccary]] (''Pecari tajacu''), [[American black bear|black bear]] (''Ursus americanus''), [[black-tailed jackrabbit]] (''Lepus californicus''), [[desert cottontail]] (''Sylvilagus audubonii''), [[desert bighorn sheep]] (''Ovis canadensis nelsoni''), [[mule deer]] (''Odocoileus hemionus''), Coues' [[white-tailed deer]] (''Odocoileus virginianus couesi''), [[elk]] (''Cervus canadensis''), [[mustang|feral horse]] (''Equus caballus''), [[ringtail]] (''Bassariscus astutus''), [[gray fox]] (''Urocyon cinereoargenteus''), [[kit fox]] (''Vulpes macrotis''), [[Cougar|mountain lion]] (''Puma concolor''), [[North American river otter|river otter]] (''Lontra canadensis''), [[long-tailed weasel]] (''Neogale frenata''), [[western spotted skunk]] (''Spilogale gracilis''), [[pronghorn]] antelope (''Antilocapra americana''), [[raccoon]] (''Procyon lotor''), numerous [[kangaroo rat]] (''Dipodomys''), [[woodrat]] (''Neotoma''), and [[pocket mouse]] (''Chaetodipus'') species, [[white-nosed coati]] (''Nasua narica''), [[jaguar]] (''Panthera onca''), and [[Mexican wolf]] (''Canis lupus baileyae''). There is also a great diversity of [[bat]] species in the region.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=40&subview=map&taxon_id=40151| title=Observations }}</ref>

There is a large contingent of snakes native to the region. Among them include: the [[rosy boa]] (''Lichanura trivirgata''); several sub-species of the [[glossy snake]] (''Arizona elegans''); the [[Bogertophis subocularis|Trans-Pecos ratsnake]] (''Bogertophis subocularis''); several sub-species of shovel-nosed snakes; several sub-species of kingsnake, including the [[desert kingsnake]] (''Lampropeltis getula splendida'') and the [[Lampropeltis pyromelana|Arizona mountain kingsnake]] (''Lampropeltis pyromelana''); the [[Micruroides|Arizona coral snake]] (''Micruroides euryxanthus''); the [[Crotalus atrox|western diamondback rattlesnake]] (''Crotalus atrox''); the [[Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster|Trans-Pecos copperhead]] (''Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster''); the [[Crotalus cerastes cercobombus|Sonoran sidewinder]] (''Crotalus cerastes cercobombus''); the [[Crotalus cerberus|Arizona black rattlesnake]] (''Crotalus oreganus cerberus''); the [[Crotalus viridis|western rattlesnake]] (''Crotalus viridis''); the [[Crotalus oreganus abyssus|Grand Canyon rattlesnake]] (''Crotalus oreganus abyssus''), found only in Arizona; several sub-species of the [[Crotalus willardi|ridge-nosed rattlesnake]] (''Crotalus willardi''), and the [[Sistrurus catenatus edwardsii|desert massasauga]] (''Sistrurus catenatus edwardsii'').<ref>{{cite web | url=http://southwesternherp.com/snakes/index.html | publisher=Southwestern Center for Herpetological Research | title=Snakes of the American Southwest | access-date=July 13, 2015 | archive-date=March 14, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314014151/http://southwesternherp.com/snakes/index.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Other reptiles in the region include lizards and turtles. Lizards are highly represented in the region, the most distinctive denizen being the [[Gila monster]], native only to the American Southwest and the state of Sonora in Mexico. Other lizards include: [[Sonoran collared lizard]] (''Crotaphytus nebrius''); several types of geckos, including [[western banded gecko]] (''Coleonyx variegatus''), the barefoot banded gecko (''Coleonyx switaki''), and the Mediterranean house gecko (''Hemidactylus turcicus''), the latter species being non-native to the region and confined to developed areas; the [[desert iguana]] (''Dipsosaurus dorsalis''); the [[chuckwalla]] (''Sauromalus ater''); the [[greater earless lizard]] (''Cophosaurus texanus scitulus''); several sub-species of [[horned lizard]]s (''Phrynosoma''); numerous species of [[spiny lizard]]s (''Sceloporus''); [[Gilbert's skink]] (''Plestiodon gilberti''); the [[western skink]] (''Plestiodon skiltonianus''); [[Trans-Pecos striped whiptail]] (''Aspidoscelis inornata heptagrammus''); and the [[Arizona night lizard]] (''Xantusia arizonae'').<ref>{{cite web | url=http://southwesternherp.com/lizards/index.html | publisher=Southwestern Center for Herpetological Research | title=Lizards of the American Southwest | access-date=July 13, 2015 | archive-date=March 14, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314015836/http://southwesternherp.com/lizards/index.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> Turtles are less numerous than their other reptilian counterparts, but several are found in the region, including: the [[Painted turtle#Western painted turtle|western painted turtle]] (''Chrysemys picta bellii''); the [[Rio Grande cooter]] (''Pseudemys gorzugi''); the [[desert box turtle]] (''Terrapene ornata luteola''); the [[Big Bend slider]] (''Trachemys gaigeae gaigeae''); the [[Sonora mud turtle]] (''Kinosternon sonoriense''); and the [[desert tortoise]] (''Gopherus agassizii'').<ref>{{cite web | url=http://southwesternherp.com/turtles/index.html | publisher=Southwestern Center for Herpetological Research | title=Turtles of the American Southwest | access-date=July 13, 2015 | archive-date=July 13, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713224848/http://southwesternherp.com/turtles/index.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Amphibians include numerous toads and frogs. Toads which can be found in the region include: the [[Great Plains toad]] (''Anaxyrus cognatus''); the [[Anaxyrus debilis|green toad]] (''Anaxyrus debilis''); the [[Arizona toad]] (''Anaxyrus microscaphus''); the [[New Mexico spadefoot toad|New Mexico spadefoot]] (''Spea multiplicata stagnalis''); and the [[Colorado River toad]] (''Incilius alvarius''), also known as the Sonoran Desert toad. Frog representation includes: [[Craugastor augusti|western barking frog]] (''Craugastor augusti''); the [[canyon tree frog]] (''Hyla arenicolor''); the [[Wright's mountain tree frog|Arizona treefrog]] (''Hyla wrightorum''); the [[western chorus frog]] (''Pseudacris triseriata''); [[Chiricahua leopard frog]] (''Lithobates chiricahuensis''); and the [[relict leopard frog]] (''Lithobates onca''). There are quite a few salamanders throughout the region, including: the [[barred tiger salamander#Subspecies|Arizona tiger salamander]] (''Ambystoma mavortium nebulosum'') and the [[Ensatina#Subspecies|painted ensatina]] (''Ensatina eschscholtzii picta'').<ref>{{cite web | url=http://southwesternherp.com/amphibians/index.html | publisher=Southwestern Center for Herpetological Research | title=Amphibians of the American Southwest | access-date=July 13, 2015 | archive-date=March 14, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314014155/http://southwesternherp.com/amphibians/index.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Political geography==
The current Mexican states that lie in Aridoamerica are:
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Aguascalientes]]
*[[Baja California]]
*[[Baja California Sur]]
*[[Coahuila]]
*[[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]]
*[[Durango]]
*[[Nayarit]]
*[[Nuevo León]]
*[[San Luis Potosí]]
*[[Sinaloa]]
*[[Sonora]]
*[[Tamaulipas]]
*[[Zacatecas]]
{{colend}}
The northern parts of:
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Hidalgo (Mexico)|Hidalgo]]
*[[Guanajuato]]
*[[Querétaro]]
*[[Jalisco]]
{{colend}}

The southern portions of the United States that lie within Aridoamerica are:

* [[Arizona]]
* [[California]]
* [[Nevada]]
* [[New Mexico]]
* [[Texas]]

==Aridoamerica cultures==
[[File:Cochimi map.png|thumb|Map of Indigenous peoples in [[Baja California]]]]

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Acaxee people|Acaxee]]
* [[Aranama people|Aranama]] ([[Hanáma]], [[Hanáme]], [[Chaimamé]], [[Chariname]], [[Xaraname]], [[Taraname]]), coastal Texas
* [[Caxcane people|Caxcane]]
* [[Coahuiltecan]], Texas, northern Mexico
* [[Cochimí people|Cochimí]], Baja California<ref name=baja/><ref name=map>{{cite web|title=Mexico: Map|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/map/MX___|publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=16 November 2015}}</ref>
* [[Cocopá people|Cocopá]] ([[Cocopah people|Cocopah]]), Baja California<ref name=baja/>
* [[Comecrudo]], Texas, northern Mexico
* [[Cotoname]] ([[Carrizo de Camargo]])
* [[Guachichil people|Guachichil]]
* [[Guachimontone people|Guachimontone]]
* [[Guamare people|Guamare]]
* [[Guaycura people|Guaycura]], Baja California<ref name=baja/>
* [[Guarijio people|Huarijio]]<ref name=map/>
* [[Huichol people|Huichol]]<ref name=map/>
* [[Jumanos]], Texas
* [[Karankawa]], coastal Texas
* [[Kiliwa people|Kiliwa]], Baja California<ref name=baja/>
* [[Kumiai people|Kumiai]] ([[Kumeyaay people|Kumeyaay]]), Baja California<ref name=baja/>
* [[La Junta Indians|La Junta]], Texas, Chihuahua
* [[Mamulique language|Mamulique]], Texas, northern Mexico
* [[Manso Indians|Manso]], Texas, Chihuahua
* [[Mayo people|Mayo]]<ref name=map/>
* [[Mogollon culture]], ca. 200–1500 CE, also [[Oasisamerica]]
* [[Monqui people|Monqui]], Baja California
* [[Opata people|Opata]]
* [[Otomi people|Otomi]]
* [[Pai Pai people|Pai Pai]], Baja California<ref name=baja/>
* [[Pame people|Pame]]
* [[Pericúe people|Pericúe]] ([[Pericú]]), Baja California<ref name=baja/>
* [[Pima Bajo people|Pima Bajo]],<ref name=map/> Chihuahua and Sonora
* [[Quems]], Coahuila and Texas
* [[Solano people|Solano]], Coahuila and Texas
* [[Seri people|Seri]]<ref name=map/>
* [[Tamique]], Texas
* [[Tarahumara people|Tarahumara]]<ref name=map/>
* [[Tecuexe people|Tecuexe]]
* [[Tepecano people|Tepecano]]
* [[Tepehuán people|Tepehuán]]<ref name=map/>
* [[Teuchitlan tradition]]
* [[Toboso people|Toboso]], Chihuahua and Coahuila
* [[Western Mexico shaft tomb tradition]]
* [[Yaqui]]<ref name=map/> ([[Yoeme]]), Arizona, Sonora
* [[Zacateco people|Zacateco]]
{{colend}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|North America}}
* [[Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas]]
* [[Great Mural Rock Art, Baja California]]
* [[Mesoamerica]]
* [[Oasisamerica]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book|author1=Robery A. Bye|author2=Edelmira Linares|author-link1=Botanical Symmetry and Asymmetry in the Mapa de Cuauhtinchan No. 2|editor1-last=Carrasco|editor1-first=David|title=Cave, City, and Eagle's Nest: An Interpretive Journey through the Mapa de Cuauhtinchan No. 2|date=2007|publisher=University of New Mexico|location=Albuquerque|isbn=978-0-8263-4283-6|pages=255–280|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1UxGR6UB7AwC&q=aridoamerica&pg=PR4|access-date=16 November 2015|chapter=9}}
* Cordell, Linda S. and Don D. Fowler, eds. [https://books.google.com/books?id=HLdehoHV218C&dq=Aridoamerica&pg=PA85 ''Southwest Archaeology in the Twentieth Century.''] Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2005. {{ISBN|978-0-87480-825-4}}.
* {{cite book|author1=Richard C. Pratt|author2=Gary Paul Nabhan|author-link1=Evolution and Diversity of Phaseolus acutifolius Genetic Resources|editor1-last=Gepts|editor1-first=Paul|title=Genetic Resources of Phaseolus Beans: Their maintenance, domestication, evolution and utilization|date=1988|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-94-009-2786-5|pages=419|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SZ_6CAAAQBAJ&q=aridoamerica&pg=PA419|access-date=16 November 2015}}

{{Cultural areas of indigenous North Americans}}
{{Pre-Columbian North America}}
{{Regions of the world}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aridoamerica}}
[[Category:Aridoamerica| ]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples in Mexico]]
[[Category:Pre-Columbian cultural areas]]

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