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{{short description|Trafalgar-class nuclear-powered attack submarine of the Royal Navy}}
{{Other ships|HMS Trenchant}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=Royal Navy Trafalgar-class submarine HMS Trenchant (S91).jpg
|Ship caption=HMS ''Trenchant'' in 2017
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Ship country=[[United Kingdom]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
|Ship name=HMS ''Trenchant''
|Ship ordered=22 March 1983
|Ship builder=[[Vickers Shipbuilding]], [[Barrow-in-Furness]]
|Ship laid down=28 October 1985
|Ship launched=3 November 1986
|Ship commissioned=14 January 1989
|Ship recommissioned=
|Ship decommissioned= 20 May 2022
|Ship homeport=[[HMNB Devonport]], [[Plymouth]]
|Ship identification=
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honours=
|Ship fate=Decommissioned
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=[[File:HMS Trenchant crest.jpg|100px]]
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class={{sclass|Trafalgar|submarine|1}}
|Ship displacement=
*Surfaced: 4,500 to {{convert|4800|t|abbr=on}}<ref name="Steve Bush 2014">{{cite book|last=Bush|first=Steve|title=British Warships and Auxiliaries|year=2014|publisher=Maritime Books|page=12 |isbn=978-1904459552}}</ref>
*Submerged: 5,200 to {{convert|5300|t|abbr=on}}<ref name="Steve Bush 2014"/>
|Ship length={{convert|85.4|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="Steve Bush 2014"/>
|Ship beam={{convert|9.8|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="Steve Bush 2014"/>
|Ship height=
|Ship draught={{convert|9.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="Steve Bush 2014"/>
|Ship power=
|Ship propulsion=
*1 × [[Rolls-Royce PWR|Rolls-Royce PWR1]] nuclear reactor
*2 × [[General Electric Company plc|GEC]] steam turbines
*2 × WH Allen turbo generators; 3.2 MW
*2 × [[Paxman (engines)|Paxman]] diesel alternators {{convert|2800|shp|MW|abbr=on}}
*1 × [[Pump-jet|pump jet propulsor]]
*1 × motor for emergency drive
*1 × auxiliary retractable prop
|Ship speed=Over {{convert|30|kn|lk=in}}, submerged<ref name="Steve Bush 2014"/>
|Ship range=Unlimited<ref name="Steve Bush 2014"/>
|Ship test depth=
|Ship complement=130<ref name="Steve Bush 2014"/>
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
*2 × SSE Mk8 launchers for Type 2066 and Type 2071 torpedo decoys
*RESM Racal UAP passive intercept
*CESM Outfit CXA
*SAWCS decoys carried from 2002
|Ship armament=
*5 × 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes with stowage for up to 30 weapons:
** [[Tomahawk (missile)|Tomahawk]] Block IV cruise missiles
** [[Spearfish torpedo|Spearfish]] heavyweight torpedoes
|Ship notes=
}}
|}

'''HMS ''Trenchant''''' was a {{sclass|Trafalgar|submarine|0}} [[Nuclear marine propulsion|nuclear-powered]] fleet submarine of the [[Royal Navy]] built by [[Vickers Shipbuilding]], [[Barrow-in-Furness]]. ''Trenchant'' was based at [[HMNB Devonport]]. She was the third vessel and the second submarine of the Royal Navy to be named for the characteristic of vigour and incisiveness.

The submarine was ordered on 22 March 1983. She was laid down by Vickers Shipbuilding on 28 October 1985, and was launched on 3 November 1986 in the presence of [[Arthur Hezlet|Vice Admiral Sir Arthur Hezlet]], who had commanded the [[World War II]] [[British T-class submarine|T-class]] submarine {{HMS|Trenchant|P331|2}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/The-Fleet/Submarines/Fleet-Submarines/Trafalgar-Class/HMS-Trenchant|title=HMS Trenchant (S91) - Royal Navy|work=mod.uk|access-date=7 August 2016}}</ref> She was commissioned into the Royal Navy on 14 January 1989.<ref name="Janes">''Jane's Fighting Ships, 2004–2005''. Jane's Information Group Limited. p. 796. {{ISBN|0-7106-2623-1}}.</ref>

Following the Integrated Review of 2020, ''Trenchant'' left active service in 2021 and formally decommissioned in May 2022.

==Operational history==

===1990–1999===
On 22 November 1990, the nets of the trawler {{ship|FV|Antares}} were snagged by ''Trenchant'' in the [[Firth of Clyde|Bute Sound]] in [[Scotland]]. At the time the submarine was conducting a 'Perisher' [[Submarine Command Course]] exercise in company with the [[frigate]] {{HMS|Charybdis|F75|6}}. ''Antares'' was pulled under with the loss of all four members of the crew.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maib.gov.uk/publications/investigation_reports/1990_to_1998/antares.cfm|title=Collision between pelagic trawler Antares and trafalgar-class submarine HMS Trenchant with loss of 4 lives Marine Accident Investigation Branch report - GOV.UK|work=maib.gov.uk|access-date=7 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://groups.msn.com/Kintyre/antares.msnw |title=Kintyre |access-date=12 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080129194342/http://groups.msn.com/Kintyre/antares.msnw |archive-date=29 January 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/submarine-crew-blamed-for-sinking-of-antares-1532324.html | location=London | work=The Independent | first=James | last=Cusick | date=10 July 1992 | title=Submarine crew blamed for sinking of Antares}}</ref> A subsequent [[Marine accident investigation|Marine Accident Investigation]] found that the accident had been caused by "a partial breakdown in both the structure and the standards of watchkeeping on board ''Trenchant''".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Collision between pelagic trawler Antares and trafalgar-class submarine HMS Trenchant with loss of 4 lives|url=https://www.gov.uk/maib-reports/collision-between-pelagic-trawler-antares-and-trafalgar-class-submarine-hms-trenchant-off-the-isle-of-arran-scotland-with-loss-of-4-lives|access-date=2021-09-03|website=GOV.UK|language=en}}</ref>

In July 1997, the submarine ran aground off the western coast of Australia.<ref name=Stewart>{{cite news |url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,,25306301-26040,00.html |title=Brits' nuclear sub accident surfaces |last=Stewart |first=Cameron |date=8 April 2009 |work=The Australian |page=6 |access-date=10 April 2009 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> While approaching [[Fremantle, Western Australia]], the submarine remained at a depth of {{convert|200|m|ft}} and grounded when she made contact with the [[continental shelf]], coming to rest on a sloping patch of seafloor.<ref name=Stewart/> ''Trenchant'' was able to free herself, and an inspection by divers reported no significant damage.<ref name=Stewart/>

''Trenchant'' tested the non-hull-penetrating [[optronic mast]] in 1998. She also trialled a camouflage paint scheme comprising jagged shapes of various colours, including pale blue.{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}}

===2000–2022===
[[File:Royal Navy submarine breaks through Arctic ice for major exercise MOD 45163921.jpg|thumb|left|HMS ''Trenchant'' surfacing through the Arctic ice during ICEX 2018.]]
On 21 June 2007, the submarine became the first Royal Navy vessel to fire the new Block IV [[Tomahawk (missile family)|Tomahawk cruise missile]] in a live-firing trial in the [[Gulf of Mexico]] off the United States coast.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hmforces.co.uk/education/articles/1445-hms-trenchant---trafalgar-class | title=Hmforces.co.uk }}</ref>

In late 2009, ''Trenchant'' entered the Devonport submarine refit complex to undertake a 2-year refit and upgrade programme. Upon completion of the programme, the submarine underwent a rededication service on 6 June 2011 to welcome the boat back to active service.<ref name="nn">{{cite web|url=http://www.navynews.co.uk/news/1229-trenchant-ready-to-be-a-potent-presence-again.aspx|title=Navy News - Reporting from the Fleet|work=navynews.co.uk|access-date=7 August 2016|archive-date=8 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608161031/http://www.navynews.co.uk/news/1229-trenchant-ready-to-be-a-potent-presence-again.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 22 May 2013, ''Trenchant'' completed the longest patrol ever carried out by a Royal Navy SSN. The patrol lasted 335 days (11 months) during which the submarine sailed {{cvt|38,800|nmi|lk=in}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://navaltoday.com/2013/05/24/uk-hms-trenchant-returns-home-from-the-longest-patrol-ever/|title=UK: HMS Trenchant Comes Home from the Longest Patrol Ever|work=navaltoday.com|date=24 May 2013|access-date=7 August 2016}}</ref> During this time the vessel visited six different ports: Fujairah, UAE; the British Indian Ocean Territory – Diego Garcia; the Kingdom of Bahrain; Aqaba, Jordan; Souda Bay, Crete; and Gibraltar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/News-and-Events/Latest-News/2013/May/23/130523-Trenchant-completes-record-breaking-mission|title=Trenchant completes record-breaking mission- Royal Navy|work=mod.uk|access-date=7 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Royal Navy submarine returns from longest patrol|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/royal-navy-submarine-returns-from-longest-patrol|access-date=3 October 2017|work=Ministry of Defence|date=24 May 2013}}</ref>

Following a maintenance period involving a weapon and sensors upgrade, ''Trenchant'' returned to service in August 2016.<ref name=ukdj-20160822>{{cite news |url=https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/nuclear-submarine-hms-trenchant-rejoins-fleet/ |title=Nuclear submarine HMS Trenchant rejoins the fleet |author=George Allison |publisher=UK Defence Journal |date=22 August 2016 |access-date=16 February 2017}}</ref>

In March 2018, ''Trenchant'', along with the American submarines {{USS|Connecticut|SSN-22|6}} and {{USS|Hartford|SSN-768|6}}, participated in ICEX 2018, surfacing through the Arctic ice. This was the first time a Royal Navy submarine participated in ICEX since 2007.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2018/march/15/180315-iceex-2018 |title=Royal Navy submarine breaks through Arctic ice for major exercise |author=Royal Navy |publisher=Royal Navy |date=15 March 2018 |access-date=29 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/Customer-delivery/ICEX2018/ICEX_2018_final_07_print.pdf |title=ICEX 2018 Welcome Letter |author=US Navy |publisher=US Navy |date=29 January 2018 |access-date=29 March 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nuclear sub breaks ice at North Pole|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-devon-43849529/nuclear-sub-hms-trenchant-breaks-ice-at-north-pole|access-date=24 April 2018|language=en}}</ref>

In April 2020 a Royal Navy investigation was opened into videos of sailors having a party while under lockdown.<ref name=bbc-coronavirus-royal-navy-submarine-crew-had-lockdown-party>{{Cite news|title=Coronavirus: Royal Navy submarine crew had lockdown party|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-devon-52406342|date=23 April 2020|access-date=24 April 2020|publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> The submarine had returned to Devonport for repairs and the crew were required to stay on board in isolation while repairs were completed because of [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 restrictions]].<ref name=bbc-coronavirus-royal-navy-submarine-crew-had-lockdown-party/> It was confirmed that some sailors were drinking alcohol and it was reported that the captain had approved the party despite being advised that it might be inappropriate.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Haynes|first=Deborah|author-link=Deborah Haynes|date=24 April 2020|title=HMS Trenchant: Nuclear submarine commander holds BBQ for crew during lockdown|work=[[Sky News]]|url=https://news.sky.com/story/hms-trenchant-nuclear-submarine-commander-investigated-after-holding-bbq-for-crew-during-lockdown-11977900|access-date=28 April 2020}}</ref> The captain was sent home and later relieved of his command, and moved to another role within the Navy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-devon-52464885|title=Navy submarine lockdown party captain sacked|date=2020-04-28|work=BBC News|access-date=2020-04-28|language=en-GB}}</ref>

''Trenchant''{{'}}s final four-month deployment in the Atlantic was filmed for a [[Channel 5 (British TV channel)|Channel 5]] television documentary called ''Submarine: Life Beneath the Waves'', which was first shown in the United Kingdom in September 2021.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.portsmouth.co.uk/arts-and-culture/film-and-tv/royal-navy-submarine-hms-trenchant-to-star-in-new-channel-5-documentary-submarine-life-beneath-the-waves-3381097 |title=A Royal Navy submarine is set to star in a new programme on Channel 5 |last=Hawes |first=Charlotte |date=13 September 2021 |website=www.portsmouth.co.uk |publisher=JPIMedia Publishing Ltd |access-date=13 September 2021}}</ref> On 25 March 2021 she sailed into Plymouth for the last time, flying her decommissioning pennant, ahead of decommissioning later.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/news/plymouth-news/royal-navy-submarine-hms-trenchant-5228559 | title=Royal Navy submarine HMS Trenchant sails into Plymouth for the last time| first1=Stuart | last1=Abel | first2=Sarah | last2=Elmes | date=25 March 2021}}</ref><!-- there's a pic on the MoD photos website,  	45168877.jpg -->

''Trenchant'' was decommissioned in a joint ceremony with {{HMS|Talent|S92|2}} on 20 May 2022 in the presence of the Princess Royal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2022/may/20/20220520-talent-and-trenchant-decommission-as-new-submarine-fleet-sails-forward?adlt=strict/ |title=Talent and Trenchant decommission as new submarine fleet sails forward|publisher=[[Royal Navy]]|date=20 May 2022}}</ref><ref>Farewell to fleet members ''[[Ships Monthly]]'' July 2022 page 15</ref>

==Affiliations==
''Trenchant'' is affiliated with the following military and civilian organisations, bodies & individuals:<ref name="nn" />

* [[Sea Cadet Corps (United Kingdom)|Sea Cadet]] unit TS St David's
* [[Sea Cadet Corps (United Kingdom)|Sea Cadet]] unit TS Echo (Llanelli)
* Town of [[Llanelli]]
* Lady Meriel Hunt (sponsor)

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last1=Hutchinson |first1=Robert |title=Jane's submarines : war beneath the waves from 1776 to the present day |date=2001 |publisher=HarperCollins |location=London |isbn=978-0007105588}}

==External links==
* [http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/our-organisation/the-fighting-arms/submarine-service/fleet-submarines/trafalgar-class/hms-trenchant Royal Navy HMS ''Trenchant''] (royalnavy.mod.uk)

{{Trafalgar class submarine}}
{{1990 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Trenchant (S91)}}
[[Category:Trafalgar-class submarines]]
[[Category:Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness]]
[[Category:1986 ships]]
[[Category:Cold War submarines of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Submarines of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1990]]
[[Category:British submarine accidents]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

FV Antares (edit)
HDMS Sælen (S323) (edit)
HMS Charybdis (F75) (edit)
HMS Naiad (F39) (edit)
HMS Talent (S92) (edit)
HMS Tireless (S88) (edit)
HMS Torbay (S90) (edit)
HMS Trafalgar (S107) (edit)
HMS Trenchant (P331) (edit)
HMS Triumph (S93) (edit)
HMS Turbulent (S87) (edit)
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RFA Fort Victoria (A387) (edit)
USS Connecticut (SSN-22) (edit)
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