CXCL11
C-X-C motif chemokine 11 (CXCL11) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCL11 gene.[4]
C-X-C motif chemokine 11 is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also called Interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC) and Interferon-gamma-inducible protein 9 (IP-9). It is highly expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes, pancreas and liver, with moderate levels in thymus, spleen and lung and low expression levels were in small intestine, placenta and prostate.[5]
Gene expression of CXCL11 is strongly induced by IFN-γ and IFN-β, and weakly induced by IFN-α.[6] This chemokine elicits its effects on its target cells by interacting with the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR3, with a higher affinity than do the other ligands for this receptor, CXCL9 and CXCL10.[5][7] CXCL11 is chemotactic for activated T cells. Its gene is located on human chromosome 4 along with many other members of the CXC chemokine family.[8][9]
Biomarkers
[edit]CXCL9, -10, -11 have proven to be valid biomarkers for the development of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction, suggesting an underlining pathophysiological relation between levels of these chemokines and the development of adverse cardiac remodeling.[10][11]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000169248 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: CXCL11 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11".
- ^ a b Cole KE, Strick CA, Paradis TJ, Ogborne KT, Loetscher M, Gladue RP, Lin W, Boyd JG, Moser B, Wood DE, Sahagan BG, Neote K (June 1998). "Interferon-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC): a novel non-ELR CXC chemokine with potent activity on activated T cells through selective high affinity binding to CXCR3". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 187 (12): 2009–21. doi:10.1084/jem.187.12.2009. PMC 2212354. PMID 9625760.
- ^ Rani MR, Foster GR, Leung S, Leaman D, Stark GR, Ransohoff RM (September 1996). "Characterization of beta-R1, a gene that is selectively induced by interferon beta (IFN-beta) compared with IFN-alpha". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (37): 22878–84. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.37.22878. PMID 8798467.
- ^ Tensen CP, Flier J, Van Der Raaij-Helmer EM, Sampat-Sardjoepersad S, Van Der Schors RC, Leurs R, Scheper RJ, Boorsma DM, Willemze R (May 1999). "Human IP-9: A keratinocyte-derived high affinity CXC-chemokine ligand for the IP-10/Mig receptor (CXCR3)". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 112 (5): 716–22. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00581.x. PMID 10233762.
- ^ Erdel M, Laich A, Utermann G, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G (1998). "The human gene encoding SCYB9B, a putative novel CXC chemokine, maps to human chromosome 4q21 like the closely related genes for MIG (SCYB9) and INP10 (SCYB10)". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 81 (3–4): 271–2. doi:10.1159/000015043. PMID 9730616. S2CID 46846304.
- ^ O'Donovan N, Galvin M, Morgan JG (1999). "Physical mapping of the CXC chemokine locus on human chromosome 4". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 84 (1–2): 39–42. doi:10.1159/000015209. PMID 10343098. S2CID 8087808.
- ^ Altara R, Gu YM, Struijker-Boudier HA, Thijs L, Staessen JA, Blankesteijn WM (2015). "Left Ventricular Dysfunction and CXCR3 Ligands in Hypertension: From Animal Experiments to a Population-Based Pilot Study". PLOS ONE. 10 (10): e0141394. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1041394A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141394. PMC 4624781. PMID 26506526.
- ^ Altara R, Manca M, Hessel MH, Gu Y, van Vark LC, Akkerhuis KM, Staessen JA, Struijker-Boudier HA, Booz GW, Blankesteijn WM (August 2016). "CXCL10 Is a Circulating Inflammatory Marker in Patients with Advanced Heart Failure: a Pilot Study" (PDF). Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research. 9 (4): 302–14. doi:10.1007/s12265-016-9703-3. PMID 27271043. S2CID 41188765.
External links
[edit]- Human CXCL11 genome location and CXCL11 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
Further reading
[edit]- Rani MR, Foster GR, Leung S, Leaman D, Stark GR, Ransohoff RM (September 1996). "Characterization of beta-R1, a gene that is selectively induced by interferon beta (IFN-beta) compared with IFN-alpha". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (37): 22878–84. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.37.22878. PMID 8798467.
- Jacobs KA, Collins-Racie LA, Colbert M, Duckett M, Golden-Fleet M, Kelleher K, Kriz R, LaVallie ER, Merberg D, Spaulding V, Stover J, Williamson MJ, McCoy JM (October 1997). "A genetic selection for isolating cDNAs encoding secreted proteins". Gene. 198 (1–2): 289–96. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00330-2. PMID 9370294.
- Cole KE, Strick CA, Paradis TJ, Ogborne KT, Loetscher M, Gladue RP, Lin W, Boyd JG, Moser B, Wood DE, Sahagan BG, Neote K (June 1998). "Interferon-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC): a novel non-ELR CXC chemokine with potent activity on activated T cells through selective high affinity binding to CXCR3". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 187 (12): 2009–21. doi:10.1084/jem.187.12.2009. PMC 2212354. PMID 9625760.
- Erdel M, Laich A, Utermann G, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G (1998). "The human gene encoding SCYB9B, a putative novel CXC chemokine, maps to human chromosome 4q21 like the closely related genes for MIG (SCYB9) and INP10 (SCYB10)". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 81 (3–4): 271–2. doi:10.1159/000015043. PMID 9730616. S2CID 46846304.
- Luo Y, Kim R, Gabuzda D, Mi S, Collins-Racie LA, Lu Z, Jacobs KA, Dorf ME (December 1998). "The CXC-chemokine, H174: expression in the central nervous system". Journal of Neurovirology. 4 (6): 575–85. doi:10.3109/13550289809114224. PMID 10065899.
- Tensen CP, Flier J, Van Der Raaij-Helmer EM, Sampat-Sardjoepersad S, Van Der Schors RC, Leurs R, Scheper RJ, Boorsma DM, Willemze R (May 1999). "Human IP-9: A keratinocyte-derived high affinity CXC-chemokine ligand for the IP-10/Mig receptor (CXCR3)". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 112 (5): 716–22. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00581.x. PMID 10233762.
- Laich A, Meyer M, Werner ER, Werner-Felmayer G (May 1999). "Structure and expression of the human small cytokine B subfamily member 11 (SCYB11/formerly SCYB9B, alias I-TAC) gene cloned from IFN-gamma-treated human monocytes (THP-1)". Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research. 19 (5): 505–13. doi:10.1089/107999099313956. PMID 10386863.
- Tensen CP, Flier J, Rampersad SS, Sampat-Sardjoepersad S, Scheper RJ, Boorsma DM, Willemze R (July 1999). "Genomic organization, sequence and transcriptional regulation of the human CXCL 11(1) gene". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1446 (1–2): 167–72. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00084-6. PMID 10395932.
- Loetscher P, Pellegrino A, Gong JH, Mattioli I, Loetscher M, Bardi G, Baggiolini M, Clark-Lewis I (February 2001). "The ligands of CXC chemokine receptor 3, I-TAC, Mig, and IP10, are natural antagonists for CCR3". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (5): 2986–91. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005652200. PMID 11110785.
- Lambeir AM, Proost P, Durinx C, Bal G, Senten K, Augustyns K, Scharpé S, Van Damme J, De Meester I (August 2001). "Kinetic investigation of chemokine truncation by CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV reveals a striking selectivity within the chemokine family". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (32): 29839–45. doi:10.1074/jbc.M103106200. PMID 11390394.
- Hensbergen PJ, van der Raaij-Helmer EM, Dijkman R, van der Schors RC, Werner-Felmayer G, Boorsma DM, Scheper RJ, Willemze R, Tensen CP (September 2001). "Processing of natural and recombinant CXCR3-targeting chemokines and implications for biological activity". European Journal of Biochemistry. 268 (18): 4992–9. doi:10.1046/j.0014-2956.2001.02433.x. PMID 11559369.
- Mohan K, Ding Z, Hanly J, Issekutz TB (June 2002). "IFN-gamma-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant is a potent stimulator of normal human blood T lymphocyte transendothelial migration: differential regulation by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha". Journal of Immunology. 168 (12): 6420–8. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.12.6420. PMID 12055261.
- Basu S, Schaefer TM, Ghosh M, Fuller CL, Reinhart TA (May 2002). "Molecular cloning and sequencing of 25 different rhesus macaque chemokine cDNAs reveals evolutionary conservation among C, CC, CXC, AND CX3C families of chemokines". Cytokine. 18 (3): 140–8. doi:10.1006/cyto.2002.0875. PMID 12126650.
- Salmaggi A, Gelati M, Dufour A, Corsini E, Pagano S, Baccalini R, Ferrero E, Scabini S, Silei V, Ciusani E, De Rossi M (June 2002). "Expression and modulation of IFN-gamma-inducible chemokines (IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC) in human brain endothelium and astrocytes: possible relevance for the immune invasion of the central nervous system and the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis". Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research. 22 (6): 631–40. doi:10.1089/10799900260100114. PMID 12162873.
- Rani MR, Hibbert L, Sizemore N, Stark GR, Ransohoff RM (October 2002). "Requirement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Akt for interferon-beta-mediated induction of the beta-R1 (SCYB11) gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (41): 38456–61. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203204200. PMID 12169689.
- Kao J, Kobashigawa J, Fishbein MC, MacLellan WR, Burdick MD, Belperio JA, Strieter RM (April 2003). "Elevated serum levels of the CXCR3 chemokine ITAC are associated with the development of transplant coronary artery disease". Circulation. 107 (15): 1958–61. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000069270.16498.75. PMID 12695288.
- Satish L, Yager D, Wells A (June 2003). "Glu-Leu-Arg-negative CXC chemokine interferon gamma inducible protein-9 as a mediator of epidermal-dermal communication during wound repair". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 120 (6): 1110–7. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12230.x. PMID 12787142.
- Klunker S, Trautmann A, Akdis M, Verhagen J, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Blaser K, Akdis CA (July 2003). "A second step of chemotaxis after transendothelial migration: keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis release IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10, monokine induced by IFN-gamma, and IFN-gamma-inducible alpha-chemoattractant for T cell chemotaxis toward epidermis in atopic dermatitis". Journal of Immunology. 171 (2): 1078–84. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.2.1078. PMID 12847282.
- Xanthou G, Duchesnes CE, Williams TJ, Pease JE (August 2003). "CCR3 functional responses are regulated by both CXCR3 and its ligands CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11". European Journal of Immunology. 33 (8): 2241–50. doi:10.1002/eji.200323787. PMID 12884299. S2CID 24555816.
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