Thanatosdrakon

Thanatosdrakon Temporal range: Upper Coniacian – Lower Santonian, ~89.6–86.3 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Life restoration of T. amaru
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Order:	†Pterosauria
Suborder:	†Pterodactyloidea
Family:	†Azhdarchidae
Subfamily:	†Quetzalcoatlinae
Genus:	†Thanatosdrakon Ortiz David et al., 2022
Species:	†T. amaru
Binomial name
†Thanatosdrakon amaru Ortiz David et al., 2022

Thanatosdrakon (IPA: [θænətɒsdrɑːkɒn]) (meaning "dragon of death") is a genus of quetzalcoatline azhdarchid pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Upper Coniacian–Lower Santonian) Plottier Formation of the Neuquén Basin in western Argentina (Andes mountain range). The genus name is derived from the Greek words thanatos (=death) and drakon (=dragon), while the specific name is a Quechuan word meaning "flying serpent" and refers to the Incan deity Amaru. The type and only species is Thanatosdrakon amaru, known from two specimens consisting of several well-preserved axial and appendicular bones including material previously undescribed in giant azhdarchids (e.g. complete notarium, dorsosacral vertebrae and caudal vertebra). Thanatosdrakon is one of the oldest known members of the Quetzalcoatlinae.^[1][2] T. amaru lived from about 90 to 86 million years ago.^[1]

Thanatosdrakon is known from two well-preserved specimens first described in 2018.^[3] The holotype, UNCUYO-LD 307, is a partial postcranial skeleton, and the paratype, UNCUYO-LD 350, is a complete left humerus. The holotype specimen, belonging to either a juvenile or a subadult, has a wingspan of approximately ~7 metres (23 ft), suggesting a wingspan of approximately 9 metres (30 ft) for the paratype, making Thanatosdrakon the largest known pterosaur from South America.^[1][4] The species is represented by several axial and appendicular bones in three dimensions.^[1]

Ortiz David et al., (2022) recovered Thanatosdrakon in the Quetzalcoatlinae subfamily of Azhdarchidae, as a sister taxon to Quetzalcoatlus in a clade with Cryodrakon in a phylogenetic analysis. Their results are shown below:^[1]

Thanatosdrakon is known from the upper-most levels of the Plottier Formation, which represents a floodplain with ephemeral rivers and consists of mudstone, siltstone, claystone and sandstone, suggesting it lived in a continental environment created by the low-gradient wandering rivers that laid down alluvial deposits across the formation.^[1]

Thanatosdrakon was contemporaneous with an indeterminate abelisaurid,^[5] basal coelurosaurian, unenlagiine, aeolosaurin, saltasaurid, and ornithopod,^[6] as well as the lithostrotian titanosaurs Antarctosaurus giganteus,^[7] Notocolossus,^[8] and Petrobrasaurus.^[9][6] Non-dinosaurian taxa from the formation include freshwater bivalves, an indeterminate crocodyliforme and mesoeucrocodylian,^[6] the chelid turtles Linderochelys^[10] and Rionegrochelys,^[11] and at least one indeterminate mammal. Ichnotaxa consist of the burrow ichnogenus Scoyenia sp., and insect ichnogenus Taenidium sp.^[6]