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Noktundo

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Noktundo
Noktundo is located in Primorsky Krai
Noktundo
Noktundo
Noktundo is located in Russia
Noktundo
Noktundo
Geography
LocationTumen River
Administration
Disputed
 Russia (controlled)
 South Korea
 Primorsky Krai (Russia)
North Hamgyeong (South Korea)
Noktundo
North Korean name
Chosŏn'gŭl록둔도 / 녹둔도
Hancha鹿屯島
Transcriptions
Revised RomanizationNokdundo
McCune–ReischauerNoktundo / Roktundo
Russian name
RussianНоктундо

Noktundo (Korean: 록둔도/녹둔도) was an island in the delta of the Tumen River on the border between Primorsky Krai, Russia and North Korea.[1] The area of the island was 32 square kilometres (12 sq mi).[2][3]

Noktundo had been Korean territory since the 15th century.[3] The Jurchens took notice of this. In 1587 there was a battle fought on this island between the local Koreans and the invading Jurchens. At first, the Jurchens successfully sacked the island and captured 160 Koreans as prisoners. As they crossed the river back to their camp with the prisoners, the famed Korean general Yi Sun-Shin, chased after the invaders and rescued 50 Koreans and defended the island. With his army, he later infiltrated the nearby Jurchen army camp, and captured their leader alive.[4]

Due to changes in the canal and sand sediment, the island was eventually adjoined to the north shore, which was part of the Qing dynasty.[3]

The island was under Korean control until 1860 when Russia forced the Qing dynasty to cede Outer Manchuria along with Noktundo in the Convention of Peking without any Korean participation.[3][5][6] When the Joseon government found this out in the 1880s, this became to the Koreans a matter of protest, as they claimed that the Russians had no authority to do so, and protested against it to the Qing dynasty.[7] In 1990, Soviet Union and North Korea signed a border treaty which made the border run through the center of the river leaving the territory of the former island on the Russian side. South Korea refused to acknowledge the treaty and demanded that Russia return the territory to Korea.[8][9][10]

Koreans continued to live on Noktundo until the 1930s.[3]

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References

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  1. ^ 이옥희 [Yi Ok-hui]; 최한성 [Choe Han-seong]; 안재섭 [An Jae-seop] (2004). 두만강 하구 녹둔도의 위치 비정(批正)에 관한 연구 [Geographical Study on the Location of Nokdun-do in lower Tuman river]. 대한지리학회 2004년 춘계학술대회논문집 [Proceedings of the 2004 Conference of the Korean Geographical Society] (in Korean). Retrieved 2010-06-10.
  2. ^ 우리땅 우리魂 영토분쟁 현장을 가다 10 잊혀진 섬 녹둔도, Donga Ilbo (in Korean), 2004-06-10, archived from the original on 2010-10-25, retrieved 2010-06-10; of interest even to those who do not read Korean, some maps and photos are given at the bottom of the article.
  3. ^ a b c d e Song, Nianshen (3 May 2018). Making Borders in Modern East Asia: The Tumen River Demarcation, 1881–1919. Cambridge University Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-107-17395-8. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  4. ^ "조선왕조실록". sillok.history.go.kr. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
  5. ^ Kang, Hyungwon (23 June 2022). "[Visual History of Korea] Do or die naval battles defined Adm. Yi Sun-sin as hero". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  6. ^ Astorino-Courtois, Allison; Aviles, Weston; Bragg, Belinda; Kuznar, Larry; Peterson, Nicole; Popp, George; Stevenson, John. "Key Actors in the Asia Pacific" (PDF). Virtual Think Tank. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  7. ^ Головнин, В. И. (2008). Прошлое как оружие [The past as a weapon]. Россия в глобальной политике (in Russian). 6 (35). Archived from the original on 6 December 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2010.
  8. ^ Проблема острова Ноктундо в средствах массовой информации Южной Кореи [The problem of the Noktundo island in the media in South Korea] (in Russian). ru.apircenter.org. Archived from the original on 10 September 2013. Retrieved 2015-06-30.
  9. ^ Westcott, Ben; Seo, Yoonjung (2019). "South Korea fires warning shots at Russian military aircraft". 10 News San Diego. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  10. ^ Lanko, D.A. (202). "Russian and Japanese approaches to the Korean Peninsula: A comparison from a societal viewpoint*" (PDF). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International Relations. 13 (2): 243. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  11. ^ 호, 배성 (2022). "영화 '한산 : 용의 출현', 이번엔 거북선과 학익진… 이순신 명승부 펼쳐진다". Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  12. ^ 유, 석재 (4 August 2022). ""거북선이 그런 구조였다고요? 세상에, 말도 안됩니다!"". Chosun. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
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