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54th New Zealand Parliament

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54th Parliament of New Zealand
53rd Parliament
Overview
Legislative bodyNew Zealand Parliament
Term5 December 2023 – pres.
Election2023 general election
GovernmentSixth National Government
Websitewww.parliament.nz
House of Representatives
Members123
Speaker of the HouseGerry Brownlee
Leader of the HouseChris Bishop
Prime MinisterChristopher Luxon
Leader of the OppositionChris Hipkins
Sovereign
MonarchCharles III
Governor-GeneralCindy Kiro
Terms of the
New Zealand Parliament

1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th
6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th
11th | 12th | 13th | 14th | 15th
16th | 17th | 18th | 19th | 20th
21st | 22nd | 23rd | 24th | 25th
26th | 27th | 28th | 29th | 30th
31st | 32nd | 33rd | 34th | 35th
36th | 37th | 38th | 39th | 40th
41st | 42nd | 43rd | 44th | 45th
46th | 47th | 48th | 49th | 50th
51st | 52nd | 53rd | 54th

The 54th New Zealand Parliament is the current meeting of the legislature in New Zealand. It opened on 5 December 2023 following the 14 October 2023 general election, and will expire on or before 16 November 2026 to trigger the next election.

The Parliament was elected using a mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) voting system. MPs will represent 72 geographical electorates: 16 in the South Island, 49 in the North Island and 7 Māori electorates. The Electoral Act 1993 provides for the remaining seats to be elected from party lists using the Sainte-Laguë method to realise proportionality to an expected total of at least 120 MPs.[1]

Final results of the election determined that there are 123 members of Parliament, rather than the usual 120. 122 members were elected in the general election (there is an overhang of two members for Te Pāti Māori).[2][3] Due to the death of a candidate between the close of nominations and election day, Port Waikato did not elect a representative and an additional list MP was elected to ensure Parliament would have at least 120 members. The 72nd electorate MP, and 123rd MP overall, was elected in the Port Waikato by-election on 25 November 2023.[4]

Members in the 54th Parliament represent six political parties: National, ACT New Zealand, New Zealand First parties, in government, and the Labour Party, Green Party, and Te Pāti Māori, in opposition. Christopher Luxon of the National Party formed a coalition government with ACT and New Zealand First and was sworn in as prime minister on 27 November 2023.[5][6]

Background

2023 general election

The 2023 general election was held on 14 October. The opposition National Party won 48 seats in the election, an increase of 14 seats. The ruling Labour Party was reduced to 34 seats after losing a total of 28 seats. The Green Party, Labour's cooperation partner, got 15 seats, a rise of 6. The ACT Party increased its seat count by one. Te Pāti Māori took five Maori seats from Labour, totaling six seats, one more than their party vote entitled them to, giving parliament a three-seat overhang. After being voted out in the 2020 New Zealand general election, New Zealand First returned to parliament, earning eight seats.[7]

Government formation

Following the general election, the National Party required support from the ACT Party and New Zealand First to command the confidence of the House.[8] Negotiations between the three parties took place after the official results were announced on 3 November. After three weeks of negotiations, Christopher Luxon announced the formation of a coalition government with ACT and New Zealand First on 24 November.[5] On 27 November, Luxon was sworn in as prime minister by Governor-General Dame Cindy Kiro.[6]

Parliamentary term

The final results of the election were announced on 3 November and the writ for the 2023 election was returned on 16 November 2023.[9][10] Under section 19 of Constitution Act 1986, Parliament must meet no later than six weeks after this date; on 29 November 2023, following the new government's first Cabinet meeting, Leader of the House Chris Bishop confirmed that the Commission Opening and State Opening of Parliament would take place on 5 and 6 December 2023, respectively.

Timeline

  • 16 November 2023 – The writ for election is returned; officially declaring all elected members of the 54th Parliament.[11]
  • 24 November 2023 – A coalition government is formed between National, ACT, and NZ First.[5]
  • 27 November 2023 – Christopher Luxon is sworn in as Prime Minister of New Zealand.[6]
  • 5 December 2023 – The Governor-General issued the Commission of Opening of Parliament. The House elects Gerry Brownlee as Speaker.
  • 6 December 2023 – State Opening of Parliament
  • 30 May 2024 – Budget 2024 is delivered to Parliament.[12]
  • 17–21 June 2024 – Parliament holds its first ever "scrutiny week," which allows select committees to scrutinise government and public sector spending plans.[13][14]
  • 2–6 December 2024 – Parliament is scheduled to hold its second scrutiny week.[13]

Major legislation

In December 2023, the Government repealed several of the previous Labour Government's legislation and policies including the Reserve Bank of New Zealand's dual mandate, the Fair Pay Agreements Act 2022, the Clean Car Discount programme, the Natural and Built Environment Act 2023 and the Spatial Planning Act 2023.[15][16][17][18] On 21 December, the Government passed legislation reinstating 90-day work trials.[19] In February 2024, the Government repealed the Three Waters reform programme, Smokefree Environments and Regulated Products (Smoked Tobacco) Amendment Act 2022 and disestablished Te Aka Whai Ora (the Māori Health Authority) under urgency.[20][21][22]

In late March 2024, the Government passed major tax legislation restoring interest deductibility for residential investment property, reducing the bright-line test for residential property to two years, and eliminating depreciation deductions for commercial and industrial buildings.[23] The Government also passed legislation requiring electric cars and plug-in hybrids to pay road user charges.[24] In mid April 2024, the Government passed the legislation allowing 11 pseudoephedrine cold and flu medicines to be sold without prescriptions from June 2024.[25]

In late July 2024, the Government passed legislation reinstating the referendum requirement for Māori wards and constituencies in local councils. Councils that had previously established a Māori ward without a referendum are now required to hold a binding poll alongside the 2025 New Zealand local elections or to disestablish them.[26] In late August 2024, the Government passed legislation requiring local councils to develop plans for delivering drinking water, wastewater and stormwater services as part of its "Local Water Done Well" programme.[27]

In September 2024, Parliament passed a private member's bill amending the Fair Trading Act 1986 to ensure that gift cards have a minimum expiry date of three years from their initial purchase. The bill was supported by all parties except ACT.[28] In mid October 2024, Parliament passed Deborah Russell's private member's bill exempting victims of domestic violence from waiting a mandatory two years to seek a divorce.[29] In late October 2024, National-led government passed the resource management legislation easing the "regulatory burden" on the country's farming, mining and other primary industries.[30]

On 12 December 2024, Parliament passed the government's legislation introducing its pet bonds for tenants and reinstating 90 day no-cause evictions.[31]

Workplace behaviour and disciplinary actions

In early May 2024, Green Party MP Julie Anne Genter was referred to Parliament's privileges committee following complaints that she intimidated National Party's MP Matt Doocey during a heated parliamentary exchange.[32] In early August 2024, Genter was found in contempt of Parliament and ordered to apologise.[33]

In late September 2024, Te Pati Māori MP Tākuta Ferris was referred to Parliament's Privileges Committee after he made remarks accused Members of Parliament of lying and obfuscation.[34]

On 10 December 2024, Labour MP Peeni Henare, Te Pāti Māori MPs Hana-Rawhiti Maipi-Clarke, co-leaders Rawiri Waititi and Debbie Ngarewa-Packer were referred to the Privileges Committee for leading a haka (ka mate) that interrupted vote proceedings during the first reading of the Treaty Principles Bill on 14 November.[35]

Dissolution

The 54th Parliament will serve until another election is called. Under section 17 of the Constitution Act 1986, Parliament expires three years "from the day fixed for the return of the writs issued for the last preceding general election of members of the House of Representatives, and no longer".[36] The writ for the 2023 election was issued on 10 September 2023 and returned on 16 November 2023, meaning that the 54th Parliament would have to dissolve on or before 16 November 2026.

Officeholders

Presiding officers

Other parliamentary officers

Party leaders

Floor leaders

Whips

Shadow cabinets

Members

Group photo of new Members of Parliament

Overview

The table below shows the members of the 54th Parliament based on the results of the 2023 general election, including the result of the Port Waikato by-election. Ministerial roles were officially announced on 24 November 2023.[39] Based on the official results, 41 candidates who had never been in parliament before were returned. Of those, 19 were from National,[40] 2 from Labour,[40] 8 from the Greens,[41] 4 from ACT,[41] 4 from Te Pāti Māori,[42] and 4 from NZ First.[43] The parliament totaled 123 seats after the conclusion of the Port Waikato by-election, meaning that one-third of the members are newcomers.

This table shows the number of MPs in each party:

Affiliation Members
At 2023 Port Waikato by-election
National 49
ACT 11
NZ First 8
Government total 68
Labour 34
Green 15
Te Pāti Māori 6
Opposition total 55
Total MPs in
Parliament
123
Working Government
majority
13

Notes

  • The Working Government majority is calculated as all Government MPs less all other parties.

Members

Demographics

The 54th Parliament has a historically high number of Māori MPs at 33. The number of female MPs, 55, is the second highest in New Zealand history, down from the high of 61 achieved during the 53rd Parliament.[44]

The number of Pasifika MPs, 6, is also down from the record number in the previous parliament, and is at its lowest number in 10 years.[44][45] There are currently no Pasifika MPs on the government benches.

Only 5 MPs who publicly identify as LGBTQIA+ were elected, 2 each from Labour and the Greens and 1 from ACT. This is down from a record 12 (10%) elected in the 2020 election.[46]

The following tables show the demographics of the members at the start of the term of the 54th Parliament:

Party Female Male
No. ± % No. ± %
National 16 Increase 31% 33 Increase 69%
Labour 19 Decrease 56% 15 Decrease 44%
Greens 9 60% 6 40%
ACT 4 36% 7 64%
New Zealand First 3 Increase3 38% 5 Increase5 63%
Te Pāti Māori 4 Increase3 67% 2 Increase1 33%
Total 55 Decrease7 44% 68 Increase9 56%
Party Pākehā/European Māori Pasifika Asian MELAA
No. ± % No. ± % No. ± % No. ± % No. ± %
National 39 Increase 80% 5 Increase2 10% 4 8% 1 Increase1 2%
Labour 18 Decrease 53% 9 Decrease7 26% 5 Decrease5 15% 2 6% Decrease1
Greens 5 33% 6 40% 1 7% 1 7% 2 Increase1 13%
ACT 7 64% 3 27% 1 9%
New Zealand First 4 Increase4 50% 4 Increase4 50%
Te Pāti Māori 6 Increase4 100%
Total 73 59% 33 Increase 27% 6 Decrease5 5% 8 Increase1 7% 3 Increase 2%

Changes

The following changes in Members of Parliament occurred during the term of the 54th Parliament:

# Seat Incumbent Replacement
Party Name Date vacated Reason Party Name Date elected Change
1. List Labour Andrew Little 5 December 2023[47][48] Resigned to allow a newer Labour MP into parliament Labour Camilla Belich 6 December 2023[49] List
2. List1 National Andrew Bayly 13 December 2023[50][51] Elected to electorate seat National Nancy Lu 14 December 2023[52] National gain
3. List Green Golriz Ghahraman 18 January 2024[53][54] Resigned due to shop-lifting allegations Green Celia Wade-Brown 19 January 2024[55] List
4. List Labour Rino Tirikatene 28 January 2024[56][57] Resigned after losing Te Tai Tonga in 2023 election Labour Tracey McLellan 29 January 2024[58] List
5. List Labour Kelvin Davis 6 February 2024[59][60] Resigned after losing Te Tai Tokerau in 2023 election Labour Shanan Halbert 7 February 2024[61] List
6. List Green Efeso Collins 21 February 2024[62][63] Died Green Lawrence Xu-Nan 6 March 2024[64] List
7. List Labour Grant Robertson 22 March 2024[65][66] Resigned to take up the role of Vice-Chancellor of the University of Otago Labour Glen Bennett 25 March 2024[67] List
8. List Green James Shaw 5 May 2024[68][69] Resigned to take up governance and advisory roles in the climate sector[70] Green Francisco Hernandez 6 May 2024[71] List
9. List Green Darleen Tana 8 July 2024[72] Resigned from the Green Party due to allegations of migrant exploitation Independent Darleen Tana 8 July 2024 Independent gain
10. List Independent Darleen Tana 22 October 2024[73][74] Expelled from Parliament under the Electoral (Integrity) Amendment Act 2018 Green Benjamin Doyle 22 October 2024[75] Green gain

^1 This change occurred as a result of the elevation of Andrew Bayly, who had previously been elected as a list MP at the 2023 general election, to an electorate seat on 25 November 2023 at the Port Waikato by-election. Bayly resigned his list seat on 13 December 2023, creating a list vacancy.

Seating plan

Start of term

The chamber is in a horseshoe-shape.[76]

Tangaere-Manuel Lyndon Tana Carter Rutherford
G. O’Connor Rurawhe Russell Williams Davis Brooking Parker Twyford Salesa Boyack White Leary Sosene R. Davidson Pham E. Collins S. Willis Lu
D. O’Connor Tinetti Belich Utikere Webb Edmonds Henare Radhakrishnan J. Luxton Tirikatene Swarbrick Paul Genter Tuiono Ghahraman Costley Kirkpatrick
Verrall McAnulty Sepuloni Hipkins Robertson Woods Jackson Prime Andersen M. Davidson Shaw Menéndez March Ngarewa-Packer Kemp Abel Cheung Fleming
Waititi Kapa-Kingi Maipi-Clarke
Brownlee Ferris
Court
McKee Hoggard Cameron
Costello Jones Peters LUXON N. Willis Bishop Reti Brown Stanford Goldsmith Upston Seymour van Velden Stephenson Chhour C. Luxton Weenink
Patterson Marcroft Arbuckle Simpson J. Collins Mitchell McClay Potaka Doocey Bayly Pugh Mooney Smith Uffindell Bates Trask Wedd
Unkovich Foster Kuriger Redmayne Lee Watts Simmonds Penk Grigg van de Molen Bidois MacLeod Meager Nimon Anderson Campbell Parmar Nakhle
Brewer Butterick Garcia Hamilton McCallum

Current seating plan

As of 7 November 2024.[77]

Bennett Xu-Nan Hernandez Doyle Rutherford
G. O’Connor Rurawhe McLellan Williams Parker Brooking Salesa Twyford Boyack Halbert White Leary Sosene R. Davidson Abel Carter Wade-Brown Lu
D. O'Connor Tinetti Belich Utikere Webb Russell Henare Radhakrishnan J. Luxton Tangaere-Manuel Paul Genter Tuiono Pham Lyndon Cheung Fleming
Verrall McAnulty Sepuloni Hipkins Woods Edmonds Jackson Prime Andersen M. Davidson Swarbrick Menéndez March Ngarewa-Packer Kemp S. Willis Weenink Costley
Waititi Maipi-Clarke Kapa-Kingi
Brownlee Ferris
Court
McKee Hoggard Cameron
Costello Jones Peters LUXON N. Willis Bishop Reti Brown Stanford Goldsmith Upston Seymour van Velden Stephenson Chhour C. Luxton Wedd
Patterson Marcroft Arbuckle Simpson Collins Mitchell McClay Potaka Doocey Bayly Pugh Mooney Smith Uffindell Anderson McClure Nakhle
Unkovich Foster Kuriger Redmayne Watts Lee Simmonds Penk Grigg van de Molen Bidois MacLeod Meager Nimon Kirkpatrick Butterick Parmar McCallum
Bates Brewer Campbell Garcia Hamilton

Committees

The 54th Parliament has 12 select committees and 8 specialist committees.[78] They are listed below, with their chairpersons and deputy chairpersons:

Committee Chairperson Deputy chairperson Government–Opposition divide
Select committees
Economic Development, Science and Innovation Committee[79] Parmjeet Parmar (ACT) Vanessa Weenink (National) 4–4
Education and Workforce Committee[80] Katie Nimon (National) Carl Bates (National) 5–4
Environment Committee[81] Hon Scott Simpson (National) Mike Butterick (National) 5–4
Finance and Expenditure Committee[82] Stuart Smith (National) Catherine Wedd (National) 6–5
Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade Committee[83] Tim van de Molen (National) Hon Peeni Henare (Labour) 4–3
Governance and Administration Committee[84] Rachel Boyack (Labour) Cameron Brewer (National) 4–3
Health Committee[85] Sam Uffindell (National) Hamish Campbell (National) 5–4
Justice Committee[86] James Meager (National) Jamie Arbuckle (NZ First) 6–5
Māori Affairs Committee[87] Dan Bidois (National) Rima Nakhle (National) 4–4
Primary Production Committee[88] Mark Cameron (ACT) Miles Anderson (National) 4–3
Social Services and Community Committee[89] Joseph Mooney (National) Paulo Garcia (National) 5–4
Transport and Infrastructure Committee[90] Andy Foster (NZ First) Grant McCallum (National) 4–4
Specialist committees
Business Committee[91] Rt Hon Gerry Brownlee (National) none 5–4
Intelligence and Security Committee[92] Rt Hon Christopher Luxon (National) none 4–3
Officers of Parliament Committee[93] Rt Hon Gerry Brownlee (National) Greg O'Connor (Labour) 5–4
Parliament Bill Committee[94] Rt Hon Adrian Rurawhe (Labour) Hon Scott Simpson (National) 4–4
Petitions Committee[95] Greg O'Connor (Labour) Greg Fleming (National) 2–2
Privileges Committee[96] Hon Judith Collins (National) Hon Duncan Webb (Labour) 5–4
Regulations Review Committee[97] Hon David Parker (Labour) Ryan Hamilton (National) 3–2
Standing Orders Committee[98] Rt Hon Gerry Brownlee (National) Hon Kieran McAnulty (Labour) 5–4

Electorates

This section shows the New Zealand electorates as they are currently represented in the 54th Parliament.[99]

General and Māori electorates since 2023, showing the 2023 election results

General electorates

Electorate Region MP Party
Auckland Central Auckland Chlöe Swarbrick Green
Banks Peninsula Canterbury Vanessa Weenink National
Bay of Plenty Bay of Plenty Tom Rutherford National
Botany Auckland Christopher Luxon National
Christchurch Central Canterbury Duncan Webb Labour
Christchurch East Canterbury Reuben Davidson Labour
Coromandel Waikato Scott Simpson National
Dunedin Otago Rachel Brooking Labour
East Coast Gisborne and Bay of Plenty Dana Kirkpatrick National
East Coast Bays Auckland Erica Stanford National
Epsom Auckland David Seymour ACT
Hamilton East Waikato Ryan Hamilton National
Hamilton West Waikato Tama Potaka National
Hutt South Wellington Chris Bishop National
Ilam Canterbury Hamish Campbell National
Invercargill Southland Penny Simmonds National
Kaikōura Marlborough and Canterbury Stuart Smith National
Kaipara ki Mahurangi Auckland Chris Penk National
Kelston Auckland Carmel Sepuloni Labour
Mana Wellington Barbara Edmonds Labour
Māngere Auckland Lemauga Lydia Sosene Labour
Manurewa Auckland Arena Williams Labour
Maungakiekie Auckland Greg Fleming National
Mt Albert Auckland Helen White Labour
Mt Roskill Auckland Carlos Cheung National
Napier Hawke's Bay Katie Nimon National
Nelson Nelson and Tasman Rachel Boyack Labour
New Lynn Auckland Paulo Garcia National
New Plymouth Taranaki David MacLeod National
North Shore Auckland Simon Watts National
Northcote Auckland Dan Bidois National
Northland Northland Grant McCallum National
Ōhāriu Wellington Greg O'Connor Labour
Ōtaki Wellington and Manawatū-Whanganui Tim Costley National
Pakuranga Auckland Simeon Brown National
Palmerston North Manawatū-Whanganui Tangi Utikere Labour
Panmure-Ōtāhuhu Auckland Jenny Salesa Labour
Papakura Auckland Judith Collins National
Port Waikato Auckland and Waikato Andrew Bayly National
Rangitata Canterbury James Meager National
Rangitīkei Manawatū-Whanganui Suze Redmayne National
Remutaka Wellington Chris Hipkins Labour
Rongotai Wellington and the Chatham Islands Julie Anne Genter Green
Rotorua Bay of Plenty Todd McClay National
Selwyn Canterbury Nicola Grigg National
Southland Southland and Otago Joseph Mooney National
Taieri Otago Ingrid Leary Labour
Takanini Auckland Rima Nakhle National
Tāmaki Auckland Brooke van Velden ACT
Taranaki-King Country Taranaki and Waikato Barbara Kuriger National
Taupō Waikato Louise Upston National
Tauranga Bay of Plenty Sam Uffindell National
Te Atatū Auckland Phil Twyford Labour
Tukituki Hawke's Bay Catherine Wedd National
Upper Harbour Auckland Cameron Brewer National
Waikato Waikato Tim van de Molen National
Waimakariri Canterbury Matt Doocey National
Wairarapa Wellington, Manawatū-Whanganui and Hawke's Bay Mike Butterick National
Waitaki Otago and Canterbury Miles Anderson National
Wellington Central Wellington Tamatha Paul Green
West Coast-Tasman West Coast and Tasman Maureen Pugh National
Whanganui Manawatū-Whanganui and Taranaki Carl Bates National
Whangaparāoa Auckland Mark Mitchell National
Whangārei Northland Shane Reti National
Wigram Canterbury Megan Woods Labour

Māori electorates

Electorate Region MP Party
Te Tai Tokerau Northland and Auckland Mariameno Kapa-Kingi Māori
Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland Takutai Moana Kemp Māori
Hauraki-Waikato Auckland and Waikato Hana-Rawhiti Maipi-Clarke Māori
Waiariki Bay of Plenty and Waikato Rawiri Waititi Māori
Ikaroa-Rāwhiti Hawke's Bay, Gisborne, Manawatū-Whanganui and Wellington Cushla Tangaere-Manuel Labour
Te Tai Hauāuru Taranaki, Waikato, Manawatū-Whanganui and Wellington Debbie Ngarewa-Packer Māori
Te Tai Tonga The South Island, Wellington and the Chatham Islands Tākuta Ferris Māori

See also

References

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