Commelinids

Commelinids Temporal range: Late Cretaceous–recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Cock's-foot grass (Dactylis glomerata)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Orders
Arecales Commelinales Poales Zingiberales
Diversity[citation needed]
About 1,420 genera

In plant taxonomy, commelinids (originally commelinoids^[1][2]) is a clade of flowering plants within the monocots, distinguished by having cell walls containing ferulic acid.^[3][4] Well-known commelinids include palms and relatives (order Arecales), dayflowers, spiderworts, kangaroo paws, and water hyacinth (order Commelinales), grasses, bromeliads, rushes, and sedges (order Poales), and ginger, cardamom, turmeric, galangal, bananas, plantains, and bird of paradise flower (order Zingiberales).

The commelinids are the only clade that the APG IV system has informally named within the monocots. The remaining monocots are a paraphyletic unit. Also known as the commelinid monocots it forms one of three groupings within the monocots, and the final branch; the other two groups are the alismatid monocots and the lilioid monocots.

Members of the commelinid clade have cell walls containing UV-fluorescent ferulic acid.^[3][4]

The commelinids constitute a well-supported clade within the monocots,^[5] and this clade has been recognized in all four APG classification systems. It consists of four orders:

• Arecales (palms)
• Commelinales (spiderwort, water hyacinth)
• Poales (grasses, rushes, bromeliads)
• Zingiberales (gingers, banana)

As of APG IV (2016) the family Dasypogonaceae is no longer directly placed under commelinids but instead a family of order Arecales.^[6]

The commelinids were first recognized as a formal group in 1967 by Armen Takhtajan, who named them the Commelinidae and assigned them to a subclass of Liliopsida (monocots).^[7] The name was also used in the 1981 Cronquist system. However, by the release of his 1980 system of classification, Takhtajan had merged this subclass into a larger one, and no longer considered it to be a clade.^{[citation needed]}

The Takhtajan system treated this as one of six subclasses within the class Liliopsida (=monocotyledons). It consisted of the following:^{[citation needed]}

     subclass Commelinidae
          superorder Bromelianae
                    order Bromeliales
                    order Velloziales
          superorder Pontederianae
                    order Philydrales
                    order Pontederiales
                    order Haemodorales
          superorder Zingiberanae
                    order Musales
                    order Lowiales
                    order Zingiberales
                    order Cannales
          superorder Commelinanae
                    order Commelinales
                    order Mayacales
                    order Xyridales
                    order Rapateales
                    order Eriocaulales
          superorder Hydatellanae
                    order Hydatellales
          superorder Juncanae
                    order Juncales
                    order Cyperales
          superorder Poanae
                    order Flagellariales
                    order Restionales
                    order Centrolepidales
                    order Poales

The Cronquist system treated this as one of four subclasses within the class Liliopsida. It consisted of the following:^{[citation needed]}

     subclass Commelinidae
          order Commelinales
          order Eriocaulales
          order Restionales
          order Juncales
          order Cyperales
          order Hydatellales
          order Typhales

The APG II system does not use formal botanical names above the rank of order; most of the members were assigned to the clade commelinids in the monocots (its predecessor, the APG system used the clade commelinoids).^[8][9]

• List of commelinid families

• Data related to Commelinids at Wikispecies
• Media related to Commelinids at Wikimedia Commons