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'''Liberland''', officially the '''Free Republic of Liberland''', is a [[micronation]] claiming an uninhabited parcel of disputed land on the western bank of the [[Danube]], between [[Croatia]] and [[Serbia]]. The land in question has no infrastructure and lies on a floodplain, with the Danube regularly completely flooding it, making it unsuitable for habitation.<ref>http://balkans.aljazeera.net/vijesti/liberland-medijska-bomba-koja-zabavlja-stanovnike-drzave</ref> It was proclaimed on 13 April 2015 by [[Czechs|Czech]] [[right-libertarianism|right-libertarian]] politician and activist [[Vít Jedlička]].<ref name="LiberlandInfo"/><ref name=Vice-Nolan>{{cite news|last1=Nolan|first1=Daniel|title=Welcome to Liberland: Europe's Newest State|url=//news.vice.com/article/welcome-to-liberland-europes-newest-state|accessdate=25 April 2015|publisher=Vice News|date=25 April 2015}}</ref>
'''Liberland''', officially the '''Free Republic of Liberland''', is a [[micronation]] claiming an uninhabited parcel of disputed land on the western bank of the [[Danube]], between [[Croatia]] and [[Serbia]]. The land in question has no infrastructure and lies on a floodplain, with the Danube regularly completely flooding it, making it unsuitable for habitation.<ref>http://balkans.aljazeera.net/vijesti/liberland-medijska-bomba-koja-zabavlja-stanovnike-drzave</ref> It was proclaimed on 13 April 2015 by [[Czechs|Czech]] [[right-libertarianism|right-libertarian]] politician and activist [[Vít Jedlička]].<ref name="LiberlandInfo"/><ref name=Vice-Nolan>{{cite news|last1=Nolan|first1=Daniel|title=Welcome to Liberland: Europe's Newest State|url=//news.vice.com/article/welcome-to-liberland-europes-newest-state|accessdate=25 April 2015|publisher=Vice News|date=25 April 2015}}</ref>


The official website of Liberland states that the nation was created due to the ongoing [[Croatia–Serbia border dispute]],<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-news-from-elsewhere-32332473|title=Balkans: Czech man claims to establish 'new state'|work=BBC News|accessdate=17 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="novinky-1">{{cite news|last1=Martínek|first1=Jan|title=Člen Svobodných vyhlásil na území bývalé Jugoslávie vlastní stát|url=http://www.novinky.cz/domaci/367000-clen-svobodnych-vyhlasil-na-uzemi-byvale-jugoslavie-vlastni-stat.html|accessdate=15 April 2015|agency=Právo|publisher=[[Novinky.cz]]|date=15 April 2015|language=Czech}}</ref><ref name="sme-1">{{cite news|title=Čech si medzi Srbskom a Chorvátskom založil vlastný štát|url=http://www.sme.sk/c/7751515/cech-si-medzi-srbskom-a-chorvatskom-zalozil-vlastny-stat.html|accessdate=15 April 2015|agency=[[Tlačová agentúra Slovenskej republiky|TASR]]|publisher=sme.sk|date=15 April 2015|language=Slovak}}</ref> in which some areas to the east of Danube are claimed by both Serbia and Croatia, while some areas to the west, including the area of Liberland, are considered part of Serbia by Croatia, but Serbia does not claim them.
The official website of Liberland states that the nation was created due to the ongoing [[Croatia–Serbia border dispute]],<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-news-from-elsewhere-32332473|title=Balkans: Czech man claims to establish 'new state'|work=BBC News|accessdate=17 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="novinky-1">{{cite news|last1=Martínek|first1=Jan|title=Člen Svobodných vyhlásil na území bývalé Jugoslávie vlastní stát|url=http://www.novinky.cz/domaci/367000-clen-svobodnych-vyhlasil-na-uzemi-byvale-jugoslavie-vlastni-stat.html|accessdate=15 April 2015|agency=Právo|publisher=[[Novinky.cz]]|date=15 April 2015|language=Czech}}</ref><ref name="sme-1">{{cite news|title=Čech si medzi Srbskom a Chorvátskom založil vlastný štát|url=http://www.sme.sk/c/7751515/cech-si-medzi-srbskom-a-chorvatskom-zalozil-vlastny-stat.html|accessdate=15 April 2015|agency=[[Tlačová agentúra Slovenskej republiky|TASR]]|publisher=sme.sk|date=15 April 2015|language=Slovak}}</ref> in which some areas to the east of Danube are claimed by both Serbia and Croatia, while some areas to the west, including the area of Liberland, are considered part of Serbia by Croatia, but Serbia does not claim them.

Revision as of 04:02, 28 January 2019

Liberland, officially the Free Republic of Liberland, is a micronation claiming an uninhabited parcel of disputed land on the western bank of the Danube, between Croatia and Serbia. The land in question has no infrastructure and lies on a floodplain, with the Danube regularly completely flooding it, making it unsuitable for habitation.[1] It was proclaimed on 13 April 2015 by Czech right-libertarian politician and activist Vít Jedlička.[2][3]

The official website of Liberland states that the nation was created due to the ongoing Croatia–Serbia border dispute,[4][5][6] in which some areas to the east of Danube are claimed by both Serbia and Croatia, while some areas to the west, including the area of Liberland, are considered part of Serbia by Croatia, but Serbia does not claim them.

The Liberland project may be considered a publicity stunt.

The land in question is 7 square kilometres (2.7 sq mi) wide, or roughly the size of Gibraltar, and has been administered by Croatia since the Croatian War of Independence.[7] There has been no diplomatic recognition of Liberland by any country from the United Nations, although it has established relations with unrecognized Somaliland.[8][9]

Location

Further information: Croatia–Serbia border dispute

The dispute regarding the border along the Danube River valley first arose in 1947 but was left unresolved during the existence of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It became a contentious issue after the breakup of Yugoslavia. Serbia holds the opinion that the thalweg of the Danube valley and the centerline of the river represents the international border between the two countries. Croatia disagrees and claims that the international border lies along the boundaries of the cadastral municipalities located along the river—departing from the course at several points—reflecting the course of the Danube which existed in the 19th century before meandering and hydraulic engineering works altered its course. As a result, Croatia claims a large part of the disputed area controlled by Serbia, while Serbia does not claim the much smaller parts controlled by Croatia.

The Croatian claim is generally internationally recognized.

Jedlička says that the land he has claimed, known as Gornja Siga (meaning upper tufa), was not claimed by either side.[2][3][5]

The area is about 7 square kilometres (2.7 sq mi), about the same size of Gibraltar, and most of it is covered with forests. There are no residents. A journalist from the Czech newspaper Parlamentní listy who visited the area in April 2015 found a house that had been abandoned for about thirty years, according to people living in the vicinity. The access road was reported to be in a bad condition.[10]

The Danube, an international waterway with free access to the Black Sea for several landlocked nations, runs along the self-proclaimed territory.

History

Proclamation

The territory claimed by Liberland is situated at the largest green-colored land parcel, marked as "Siga" on the map. Due to differences in the border definitions, the yellow-colored parts to the east are claimed by both Serbia and Croatia. Croatia asserts that the green parts are part of Serbia, but Serbia does not claim them. This led Jedlička to assert that the green parts have remained unclaimed by both sides.

The flag raising in Gornja Siga was performed by Vít Jedlička and some of his associates on the same day the republic was proclaimed.[11][12] Jedlička is a member of the Czech Party of Free Citizens, which bases its values on the classical liberal ideology.[5]

Jedlička stated that that no nation claims the land as its own and he therefore could claim it using the terra nullius doctrine. The border, he argued, was defined in accordance with Croatian and Serbian border claims and did not interfere with any other state's sovereignty.[2] Jedlička said in April 2015 that an official diplomatic note would be sent to both Croatia and Serbia, and later to all other states, with a formal request for international recognition.[13]

On 18 December 2015, Jedlička held an event at which he presented the first provisional government of Liberland and its ministers of finance, foreign affairs, interior and justice as well as two vice presidents.[14]

Flag

The flag consists of a yellow backdrop (symbolizing libertarianism, free markets) with a black stripe running horizontally through the centre (symbolizing less government, anarchy/rebellion) and the coat of arms in the centre.[15][16] Within the coat of arms, the bird represents freedom, the tree represents prosperity, the blue river represents the Danube River, and the sun represents happiness.[17]

Access

Croatian authorities have frequently blocked access to the area since the beginning of May 2015.[18][19]

In May 2015, Vít Jedlička and his translator Sven Sambunjak were shortly detained by Croatian police after making an attempt to cross the border. Jedlička spent one night in detention and then was convicted and ordered to pay a fine for illegal crossing of the Croatian border[20] but appealed the verdict. He claimed that there were at least three Liberland citizens inside the area, who came from Switzerland.[21][22][23][24] Later that month, Vít Jedlička was detained again.[25] Initially, reporters were able to enter the area with Jedlička[10] but subsequently they were also denied entry, including journalists from the Serbian public broadcast service Radio Television of Vojvodina,[26] and from the Bosnian newspaper Dnevni Avaz.[27]

The detained were from various countries, including Ireland, Germany, Denmark, and the United States.[28] Croatian police have continued detaining people, including those that entered the area by boat (via an international waterway).[29][30][31] One of them, Danish activist Ulrik Grøssel Haagensen, was placed in house arrest for 5 days before being sentenced to 15 days of prison, triggering some protests in Denmark.[32][33]

In May 2016, several appeals court decisions from Croatia were published. The court upheld that crossing into Liberland from Croatia is illegal, but found the convictions for entering Liberland from Serbia improper. The court said that the lower court committed "a fundamental breach of misdemeanor proceedings" and "essential procedural violations". It further ruled that "the facts were incorrectly and incompletely established [by the prosecutor] which could lead to misapplication of substantive law". A retrial was ordered in 6 of the 7 appeals. The lower court is required to determine the location of the border and the border crossing.[34]

Public reactions

Journalists have been uncertain as to how serious Jedlička is about his claims, with some calling it a publicity stunt.[35][36]

In an interview with Parlamentní Listy in April 2015, Jedlička claimed that he had received positive reactions for his initiative, mainly from his own party the Party of Free Citizens, for which he was a regional chairman,[37] but also from some members of the Civic Democratic Party and the Pirate Party.[11]

On 20 May 2015, Petr Mach, the leader of the Party of Free Citizens, expressed support for the creation of a state based on ideas of freedom, adding that the Party of Free Citizens wants the Czech Republic to become a similarly free country.[38]

Dominik Stroukal from the Czech-Slovak branch of the Ludwig von Mises Institute wrote: "The escapade succeeded for Vít. The whole world reports about Liberland with words like 'tax competition', 'libertarianism', etc."[39]

Goran Vojković, professor of law and columnist from the Croatian news portal Index.hr, described Liberland as a "circus which threatens Croatian territory", and argued that there was a risk that Croatia's claim to control land on the other side of the Danube may be weakened by the attention that the Liberland project has drawn to the border dispute.[40]

In 2016, an article in Stratfor summarized the initiative as follows: "Liberland is a curious case because, in principle, none of the actors that could claim control over it seems interested in doing so. But this will probably remain a curiosity with negligible consequences at the international level. For the rest of the world's disputed territories, violence and diplomacy will remain the main tools to claim ownership.[41]

Legal experts in both Serbia and Croatia have said that, under international law, Jedlička lacks the right to claim the area, which is currently the subject of a dispute between the two nations.[18][42][43] Croatia and Serbia have dismissed Jedlička's claims as frivolous, although the two countries have reacted in different ways. On 24 April 2015, the Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that while they consider the affair a trivial matter, the "new state" does not impinge upon the Serbian border, which is delineated by the Danube.[44] Croatia, which currently administers the land in question, has stated that after international arbitration, it should be awarded to Croatia or Serbia, not to a third party.[45]

An article in Chicago Journal of International Law, the law review of the University of Chicago Law School, examined Liberland's claim to statehood in light of the criteria laid out by the Montevideo Convention, concluding that it is unlikely that Liberland will gain recognition. According to the author, "Croatia’s insistence that Liberland is part of Serbia could constitute a renunciation of Croatia’s legal rights to Liberland. Conversely, if the territory that Liberland claims as its own is Serbian, the Serbian government’s renunciation of its title to that land could also be a quitclaim that would transform the legal status of the land to terra nullius. In both instances, the territory would belong to the first entity —in this case Liberland— to claim it. However, because of the complicated history of the Croatian-Serbian border region, it may be difficult to ascertain who the land belongs to under international law.”[46]

Plan of administration

A government with ten to twenty members has been suggested for the administration of Liberland, to be elected by electronic voting.[11] Liberland intends to operate on an open-border policy.[11] The goal of the micronation, as claimed by its website, is to create "a society where righteous people can prosper with minimal state regulations and taxes".[11][13] The founders are inspired by countries like Monaco and Liechtenstein.[13]

Liberland has published a draft version of a codified constitution[47] and a list of laws to be included in the constitution. These documents describe Liberland as a country governed under a three-power system with executive, legislative and judicial sectors that seek to promote individual rights, including property rights, freedom of speech and the right to keep and bear arms. It has also a list of criminal offences, which include "polluting environment", "public nuisance" in addition to crimes such as murder, manslaughter and theft.[48] There are plans for an official cryptocurrency called Merit,[49] although all other currencies would be allowed.[11]

Citizenship

Liberland Citizenship Certificate

On 20 April 2015, Jedlička delivered a lecture at the Prague School of Economics, titled "Liberland – how a state is born" (Template:Lang-cz). He discussed various aspects of the project and the interest it has attracted around the world. One topic that he brought up was the Montevideo Convention; he explained that Liberland intended to satisfy the principles of the convention, which is commonly used to define a state. At the time of the lecture, the Liberland project had assigned ten people willing to handle foreign relations.[50] Other topics covered in the lecture included the concept of voluntary taxation and how the large number of citizenship applications had made it necessary to restructure the citizenship process to be more effective, since it was only based on an e-mail account.[50]

According to its official webpage, Liberland is currently looking for people who have respect for other people and their opinions, regardless of their race, ethnicity, orientation, or religion, have respect for private ownership which is untouchable, and have not been punished for past criminal offences.[51] Liberland received 200,000 applications in a week.[52] In the beginning of May 2015, Liberland accepted around thirty citizens. An event was supposed to take place in the claimed territory, but Croatian border police stopped the group from entering it from the Croatian side. An attempt to cross the river with fishing boats from Serbia failed because the local fishermen didn't have permits for transporting people with their boats. Serbian police informed Jedlička that anyone trying to cross the border illegally would be arrested. An improvised ceremony was instead held in Bački Monoštor.[53]

On February 16, 2018, United States politician and former candidate for U.S. Presidency Ron Paul was officially presented with a Liberland passport and citizenship certificate by Jedlička and his cabinet.[54][55]

Recognition

There has been no diplomatic recognition of Liberland by any member of the United Nations. However, Liberland has established relations with Somaliland, a self-declared state that proclaimed its independence from Somalia in 1991. Liberland and Somaliland signed a Memorandum of Understanding in September 2017 vowing to establish closer relations and cooperate in the areas of technology, energy and banking.[8][9]

Official statements from sovereign states

  •  Croatia: Liberland has been mentioned by the Croatian Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs but publicly rejected as a joke.[56] On 29 June 2015, the Croatian Ministry of Foreign affairs said that Gornja Siga's status is undetermined, but it is not terra nullius, and after international arbitration, it will be awarded to Croatia or Serbia, not to a third party.[45] However, in a May 2016 letter to the Croatian Interior Minister Vlaho Orepić, Croatian Minister of Foreign and European Affairs Miro Kovač referred to Liberland as "a provocative idea which has reached serious proportions" which "represents a risk to the Republic of Croatia." The letter called for finding a solution to "remove promotion and attempts of realization of idea of Liberland", recommending that "Ministry of the Interior, Security and Intelligence Agency (SIA), Ministry of Justice and Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs coordinate necessary measures and their actions, so that this provocative idea could be stopped."[57] On 17 January 2017, Liberland was discussed and debated in the Croatian Parliament (Sabor) by politician Ivan Pernar of the Zivi Zid party, who claimed that Croatia should consider the recognition.[58]
  •  Serbia: The Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs has stated that Liberland does not infringe upon the border of Serbia, but the project is seen as "frivolous".[44]
  •  Egypt: The Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs has warned people of the possibility of scams about Liberland directed at people looking for jobs abroad. "Egyptians should seek information from the Foreign Ministry rather than social media before travelling for work."[59]
  •  Czech Republic: The Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs disassociated itself from the activities of Mr. Jedlička, stating it has nothing to do with them. The ministry added that "Mr. Jedlička, as well as other Czech citizens staying in the territory of Croatia or Serbia, is obliged to abide by the local legal code. The Czech Republic considers the activities of Mr. Jedlička inappropriate and potentially harmful."[60] Through the Embassy of the Czech Republic in Zagreb, it warned that the "efforts to create some new 'state' have no basis in international law," and that "in the territory of Croatia, citizens of the Czech Republic as well as other foreigners are obliged to adhere to the Croatian legal code, including the current regime on the Croatian-Serbian border. Crossing the Croatian border (i.e., the external border of the European Union) outside specified border crossings, as it is done by travelers to the so-called Liberland, is in clear violation of the code."[61]
  •  Poland: On 24 July 2016, 7 members of Polish Parliament (Sejm) from Kukiz'15, in cooperation with local Liberland activists, asked Minister of Foreign Affairs Witold Waszczykowski when Poland would recognize the Free Republic of Liberland as an independent state,[62] with a follow-up in August.[63] The reply was that Liberland does not meet the criteria for statehood.[64]

Statements from non-sovereign states

Official statements from political parties

Several minor extremist parties with no elected representatives at their national level expressed support for the creation of Liberland.

Statements from other micronation projects

A few micronations have expressed support for the idea of Liberland.

Statements from organizations

  • On 16 April 2017 Bitnation has announced a partnership with Liberland.[81]
  • On 20 April 2017 Liberland applied for admission to the UNPO. The application was officially presented and defended a month later in Brussels, Belgium. In June 2017, a delegation from Liberland was invited to observe the proceedings of the 13th General Assembly during which the President and members of the presidency were elected.[82]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Liberland, medijska bomba koja zabavlja stanovnike 'države'". Al Jazeera Balkans. 23 April 2015.
  2. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference LiberlandInfo was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b Nolan, Daniel (25 April 2015). "Welcome to Liberland: Europe's Newest State". Vice News. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  4. ^ "Balkans: Czech man claims to establish 'new state'". BBC News. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
  5. ^ a b c Martínek, Jan (15 April 2015). "Člen Svobodných vyhlásil na území bývalé Jugoslávie vlastní stát" (in Czech). Novinky.cz. Právo. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  6. ^ "Čech si medzi Srbskom a Chorvátskom založil vlastný štát" (in Slovak). sme.sk. TASR. 15 April 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  7. ^ Klemenčić, Mladen; Schofield, Clive H. (2001). War and Peace on the Danube: The Evolution of the Croatia-Serbia Boundary. Durham, England: International Boundaries Research Unit. p. 19. ISBN 9781897643419.
  8. ^ a b c "Somaliland says it wants closer cooperation with unrecognised Liberland". BBC News. 26 September 2017. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
  9. ^ a b c "The Free Republic of Liberland has successfully begun the mutual recognition process with the Republic of Somaliland". Somaliland Informer. 27 September 2017. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 11 October 2017. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  10. ^ a b Panenka, Radim (20 April 2015). "Navštívili jsme nový stát Liberland, který v Evropě založil Čech Vít Jedlička. Podívejte se, jak to tam vypadá" (in Czech). Parlamentní Listy. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
  11. ^ a b c d e f Koulová, Zuzana (15 April 2015). "On to myslí vážně! Vít Jedlička, zakladatel nového státu Liberland, promluvil. Zavádí elektřinu, internet, všechno. A lidé se k němu hrnou" (in Czech). Parlamentní Listy. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  12. ^ CZ: Liberland (video) (in Czech). Medium Europe. 15 April 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
  13. ^ a b c "Čeh proglasio državu između Srbije i Hrvatske" (in Serbian). B92. BETA. 15 April 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  14. ^ "Government announcement". liberland.org. Retrieved 20 January 2016.[self-published source]
  15. ^ "Meet the man who is setting up a new country in the middle of Europe". The Independent. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
  16. ^ "Twitter". mobile.twitter.com. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
  17. ^ "Liberland". Video (in Serbian). Retrieved 10 November 2018.
  18. ^ a b "Police in the Balkans block inauguration of Europe's new "mini-state"". Associated Press. 9 May 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  19. ^ Ristić, Borislav (11 May 2015). "Putovanje u Liberland zasad stoji 2400 kuna – tolika je kazna za ilegalni prijelaz granice" (in Croatian). Večernji List. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  20. ^ Getto, Ivica (11 May 2015). "Osnivač Liberlanda kažnjen s 2400 kuna za ilegalni prelazak hrvatske granice" (in Croatian). Glas Slavonije. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
  21. ^ Wirnitzer, Jan (11 May 2015). "Jedličkova bitva u Moháče. Všichni nám tu fandí, říká tvůrce Liberlandu" (in Czech). iDnes. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
  22. ^ Ristić, Borislav (9 May 2015). "Vid Jedlička uhićen nakon ulaska na teritorij Liberlanda" (in Croatian). Večernji List. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  23. ^ Třeček, Čeněk; Sedlářová, Barbora (10 May 2015). "Chorvatsko zatklo "prezidenta" Liberlandu. Bylo to přátelské, tvrdí Čech" (in Czech). iDnes. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  24. ^ Hayden, Sally (11 May 2015). "President of Liberland Arrested for Trespassing into His Own Self-Declared Country". Vice News. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
  25. ^ "Croatia: Liberland's president arrested again". inSerbia. 17 May 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
  26. ^ Spasojević, Vesna (17 April 2015). "Liberlend, zemlja koje – nema" (in Serbian). Radio Televizija Vojvodine. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
  27. ^ Trako, Evelin (26 April 2015). "POTRAGA ZA LIBERLANDOM Reporteri "Avaza" na ničijoj zemlji između Srbije i Hrvatske" (in Bosnian). Dnevni Avaz. Archived from the original on 28 April 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ Ristić, Borislav (11 May 2015). "Putovanje u Liberland zasad stoji 2400 kuna – tolika je kazna za ilegalni prijelaz granice" (in Croatian). Večernji List. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  29. ^ "Igrali odbojku na 'plaži u Liberlandu' pa ih uhitila hrvatska policija - Večernji.hr". Vecernji.hr. 13 June 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  30. ^ Bradarić, Branimir (20 June 2015). "Liberland optužuje Hrvatsku za invaziju" (in Croatian). Večernji List. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  31. ^ Hayden, Sally (19 June 2015). "Liberland Accuses Croatia of Invasion and Releases Video of 'Citizen' Abduction". Vice. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  32. ^ Ekstrabladet
  33. ^ Folkets Avis
  34. ^ "Liberland Wins Appeals! Lower Courts "Committed a Fundamental Breach" and "Must Rule On Border" | Liberland Press". Liberland Press. 2 May 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2016.[self-published source]
  35. ^ Simone, Alina (29 June 2015). "On the Danube, the world's newest micro-nation. But Liberland has a problem". Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  36. ^ "Man forms own European country and more than 160,000 people want citzenship [sic] – trouble is, you can't get in". 11 May 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  37. ^ "Ptejte se lídra Strany svobodných občanů v Královéhradeckém kraji Víta Jedličky - Hradecký deník". Hradecký Deník (in Czech). 18 October 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  38. ^ "Petr Mach | ParlamentniListy.cz – politika ze všech stran". Parlamentnilisty.cz. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  39. ^ Stroukal, Dominik (18 April 2015). "Několik nestrukturovaných poznámek k Liberlandu" (in Czech). Ludwig von Mises Institut – Česko & Slovensko. Retrieved 18 April 2015.
  40. ^ Vojković, Goran (12 May 2015). "Liberland je Srbija!" (in Croatian). index.hr. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  41. ^ "Introducing Liberland, Europe's Newest Country". stratfor.com. Stratfor. 25 September 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
  42. ^ "Croatian police question Czech leader of wannabe country 'Liberland'". 10 May 2015. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  43. ^ "Liberland's leader detained while trying to enter the country he just invented". 11 May 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
  44. ^ a b McKirdy, Euan (25 April 2015). "Liberland: Could the world's newest micronation get off the ground?". CNN. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  45. ^ a b "Mađarska - MVEP • On Virtual Narratives at Croatia's Borders". hu.mvep.hr. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
  46. ^ Rossman, Gabriel (2016) "Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close (But Still So Far): Assessing Liberland’s Claim of Statehood," Chicago Journal of International Law: Vol. 17: No. 1, Article 10. URL: http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cjil/vol17/iss1/10
  47. ^ "Liberland.org – Constitution". liberland.org. Retrieved 25 April 2015.[self-published source]
  48. ^ Wayback Machine - Internet Archive: Liberland.org - Free Republic of Liberland Laws[self-published source]
  49. ^ "Jedličkův Liberland má novou měnu i první firmu v rejstříku, občanství chce 87 tisíc lidí". Aktuálně.cz - Víte co se právě děje. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  50. ^ a b Panenka, Radim (21 April 2015). "Je to smršť! Skoro nespím, osadníci se hrnou, noviny se předhánějí. My to prostě uděláme, slyšel plný sál od Víta Jedličky, zakladatele státu Liberland" (in Czech). Parlamentní Listy. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
  51. ^ https://liberland.org/en/about/ [self-published source]
  52. ^ Nolan, Daniel (24 April 2015). "Liberland: hundreds of thousands apply to live in world's newest 'country'". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 April 2015. In the week since Liberland announced its creation and invited prospective residents to join the project, they have received about 200,000 citizenship applications – one every three seconds – from almost every country in the world.
  53. ^ https://www.telegram.hr/politika-kriminal/liberland-mikrodrzava-izmedu-hrvatske-i-srbije-dobio-svoje-prve-drzavljane/
  54. ^ "Dr. Ron Paul receives his passport from the Free Republic of Liberland". liberlandpress.com. Retrieved 26 February 2018.[self-published source]
  55. ^ http://www.ronpaulinstitute.org/archives/peace-and-prosperity/2018/february/25/five-minutes-five-issues-school-shootings-korean-war-ii-sessions-nonsense-syria-missions-liberland/
  56. ^ Tešija, Jelena (23 April 2015). "Svjetski mediji dosta ozbiljno shvaćaju onog tipa koji pokušava osnovati mikrodržavu na Dunavu". Telegram (in Croatian). Retrieved 23 April 2015.
  57. ^ REPUBLIC OF CROATIA MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AND EUROPEAN AFFAIRS, MINISTER Dr. Miro Kovač CLASS: 212-03/15-01/1, NO: 521 – V- 02/16-9, Zagreb, May 12th 2016
  58. ^ "Liberland Discussed And Defended In Croatian Parliament". liberlandpress.com. Retrieved 26 January 2017.[self-published source]
  59. ^ Fayed, Hanan (23 April 2015). "Foreign Min. warns Egyptians against emigrating to Liberland". The Cairo Post. Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  60. ^ "Prohlášení MZV ke kauze tzv. Liberlandu". www.mzv.cz. 14 May 2015. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
  61. ^ "Upozornění Velvyslanectví ČR k cestám do tzv. "Liberlandu"" (in Czech). Velvyslanectví České republiky v Záhřebu (Embassy of the Czech Republic in Zagreb). 15 May 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
  62. ^ "Seven members of Polish Parliament proposed the recognition of Liberland". liberlandpress.com. Retrieved 24 July 2016.[self-published source]
  63. ^ "Interpelacja nr 4903. Do ministra spraw zagranicznych. W sprawie notyfikowania uznania niepodległości Wolnej Republiki Liberlandu" [Interpellation No. 4903. To the Minister of Foreign Affairs. On the notification of recognition of the independence of the Free Republic of Liberland]. sejm.gov.pl (in Polish). 22 August 2016.
  64. ^ "Odpowiedź na interpelację ponowną nr 4903. W sprawie notyfikowania uznania niepodległości Wolnej Republiki Liberlandu" [Answer to the second question, No. 4903. On the notification of recognition of the independence of the Free Republic of Liberia]. sejm.gov.pl (in Polish). 26 September 2016.
  65. ^ "The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic" (PDF). University of Pretoria. 1 February 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 2 February 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  66. ^ Liberland (26 September 2017). "The Free Republic of Liberland has successfully begun the mutual recognition process with the Republic of Somaliland". Liberland Press. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
  67. ^ "Somaliland: Liberland Starts Mutual Recognition Process with Government in Hargeisa - Somaliland Sun". Somaliland Sun. 12 October 2017. Archived from the original on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2018. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 8 March 2018 suggested (help)
  68. ^ "Liberland Micronation Recognized by Somaliland | Every World Heritage Site". Every World Heritage Site. 13 October 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
  69. ^ "Petr Mach | ParlamentniListy.cz – politika ze všech stran". www.parlamentnilisty.cz. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
  70. ^ "up! fordert die Anerkennung der Freien Republik Liberland – up!schweiz". up-schweiz.ch. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  71. ^ "El P-LIB, con la República Libre de Liberland | P-LIB | Partido Libertario". www.p-lib.es (in European Spanish). Retrieved 1 August 2018.
  72. ^ "Habertürk – Captioned". Dotsub. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  73. ^ "Libertarian Party of Canada Chairman vows to recognize Liberland". Twitter. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
  74. ^ Staff (12 December 2018). "Libertarians resolve to support development of Liberland". Libertarian Party. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
  75. ^ Liberland (3 December 2018). "US Libertarian Party now supports recognition of Liberland". Liberland Press. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
  76. ^ "The Kingdom of North Sudan recognized the Liberland". Kingdom of North Sudan News Channel. 20 April 2015.
  77. ^ a b "Introducing Liberland, Europe's Newest Country". www.stratfor.com. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  78. ^ "About – enclava.org". enclava.org. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  79. ^ "Liberland's Claim To Independence". www.sealandgov.org. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
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  81. ^ https://bitnation.co/blog/liberland-press-release/
  82. ^ "Liberland Applies for the UNPO Membership | Liberland Press". Liberland Press. 14 July 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.[self-published source]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Liberland.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Liberland.


45°46′6″N 18°52′17″E / 45.76833°N 18.87139°E / 45.76833; 18.87139

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