Lee ebe Nosferatu si

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[[Usòrò:Nosferatu_(1922,_English_titles_1947).webm|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Nosferatu na-enweghị akara nke ọha na eze site na 1947 na intertitles Bekee, na-eji aha njirimara mbụ sitere na akwụkwọ akụkọ Bram Stoker (a na-akpọ vampire ''Count Dracula'' yana ''Nosferatu'' n'ụdị a)]]
'''''Nosferatu: A Symphony of Horror''''' (German: ''Nosferatu - Eine Symphonie des Grauens'' ) bụ 1922 silent German Expressionist ihe nkiri egwu egwu nke FW Murnau na-eduzi na Max Schreck dị ka Count Orlok, vampire nke na-erigbu nwunye ( Greta Schröder ) nke ala ya. onye nnọchi anya ( Gustav von Wangenheim ) ma weta ọrịa ahụ na obodo ha.

Prana Film mepụtara ''Nosferatu'' ma bụrụ nke a na-enyeghị ikike na nke a na'amaghị ama nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Bram Stoker nke 1897 ''Dracula''. A gbanwere aha dị iche iche na nkọwa ndị ọzọ site na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, gụnyere Count Dracula ka a gbanwere aha ya Count Orlok. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-anọchite anya mgbanwe ndị ahụ dị ka ihe nchebe megide mmebi ikike nwebisiinka, intertitles mbụ nke German kwetara na ''Dracula'' bụ isi iyi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thevintagenews.com/2017/04/05/all-copies-of-the-cult-classic-nosferatu-were-ordered-to-be-destroyed-after-bram-stokers-widow-had-sued-the-makers-of-the-film-for-copyright-infringement/|title=All copies of the cult classic "Nosferatu" were ordered to be destroyed|date=5 April 2017}}</ref> Onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe nkiri bụ David Kalat na-ekwu na ebe ọ bụ na ihe nkiri ahụ bụ "ihe nkiri ego dị ala nke ndị Germany mere maka ndị na-ege ntị na Germany... itinye ya na Germany na ndị a na-akpọ German na-eme ka akụkọ ahụ bụrụ ihe a na-ahụ anya na ozugbo maka ndị na'asụsụ German".

Ọbụna na ọtụtụ nkọwa gbanwere, ndị nketa Stoker gbara akwụkwọ maka mgbanwe ahụ, na mkpebi ikpe ụlọ ikpe nyere iwu ka e bibie ihe nkiri ahụ niile. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ mbipụta nke ''Nosferatu'' lanarịrị, a na-ewerekwa ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka ihe nkiri na-emetụta ihe nkiri na ụdị egwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/features/100-greatest-world-cinema-films/default.asp?film=21|title=The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema|accessdate=2 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.film.com/movies/whats-the-big-deal-nosferatu-1922#fbid=cLMo8e-acRk|title=What's the Big Deal?: Nosferatu (1922) (archived October 13, 2011)|accessdate=2 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013085354/http://www.film.com/movies/whats-the-big-deal-nosferatu-1922#fbid=cLMo8e-acRk|archivedate=13 October 2011}}</ref>
N'afọ 1838, n'obodo German nke Wisborg, onye were ya n'ọrụ, onye na-ahụ maka ala Herr Knock, zigara Thomas Hutter na Transylvania ileta onye ahịa ọhụrụ, Count Orlok, onye na'ezube ịzụta ụlọ n'ofe ụlọ Hutter.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Klinowski|first=Jacek|title=Feature Cinema in the 20th Century: Volume One: 1913–1950: a Comprehensive Guide|date=2012|publisher=Planet RGB Limited|isbn=9781624075643|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lpp93FevM2cC&pg=PA1920-IA11|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref> Ka ọ na-amalite njem ya, Hutter kwụsịrị n'ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ebe ndị obodo na-atụ egwu naanị ịkpọ aha Orlok.

Hutter na-agba ụgbọ ala gaa n'otu nnukwu ụlọ, ebe Count Orlok nabatara ya. Mgbe Hutter na-eri nri abalị ma na mberede bepụ mkpịsị aka ukwu ya, Orlok gbalịrị ịmị ọbara, mana onye ọbịa ya na-asọ oyi dọpụrụ aka ya. Hutter tetara n'ụtụtụ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị ịchọta ọnya ọhụrụ n'olu ya, nke ọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ anwụnta. N'abalị ahụ, Orlok bịanyere aka na akwụkwọ iji zụta ụlọ ahụ ma hụ foto nke nwunye Hutter, Ellen, na-ekwu na o nwere "olu mara mma". N'ịgụ akwụkwọ banyere ndị vampire nke o si n'ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ dị n'ógbè ahụ were, Hutter malitere inyo Orlok enyo na ọ bụ onye vampire. Ebe ọ na-enweghị ụzọ ọ ga-esi mechie ọnụ ụzọ, ọ na-atụ ụjọ n'ime ụlọ ya ka etiti abalị na-eru nso. Ọnụ ụzọ ahụ meghere n'onwe ya ma Orlok abanye, Hutter wee zoo n'okpuru ihe mkpuchi àkwà ma daa n'amaghị onwe ya. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nwunye ya na-eteta n'ụra ya ma, n'ime mmụọ, na-aga n'elu mgbidi ya, nke na-adọta uche enyi ya Harding. Mgbe dọkịta ahụ rutere, ọ na-eti aha Hutter ma o doro anya na ọ nwere ike ịhụ Orlok n'ụlọ elu ya nke na-eyi di ya na-amaghị onwe ya egwu.

N'echi ya, Hutter nyochara nnukwu ụlọ ahụ, naanị ịlaghachi n'ime ụlọ ya mgbe ọ chọtara igbe ozu nke Orlok na-ezu ike na crypt. Mgbe awa ole na ole gachara, Orlok kpokọtara igbe ozu na onye nkuzi wee rịgoro na nke ikpeazụ tupu onye nkuzi apụọ, Hutter wee gbaga n'ụlọ ka ọ mụtachara nke ahụ. A na-ebuba igbe ozu ndị ahụ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri, ebe ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na-achọpụta oke n'ime igbe ozu. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri niile mechara nwụọ, Orlok weghaara ya. Mgbe ụgbọ mmiri ahụ rutere na Wisborg, Orlok na-ahapụ n'amaghị ama, buru otu n'ime igbe ozu ya ma banye n'ụlọ ọ zụrụ.

Ọtụtụ ọnwụ n'obodo ahụ na-esote mgbe Orlok rutere, nke ndị dọkịta obodo ahụ na-ata ụta maka ihe otiti a na-akọwaghị akọwa nke òké si n'ụgbọ mmiri ahụ kpatara. Ellen na-agụ akwụkwọ Hutter chọtara; ọ na-ekwu na enwere ike imeri vampire ma ọ bụrụ na nwanyị obi dị ọcha ejiri ịma mma ya dọpụ uche vampire ma nye ya ọbara nke nnwere onwe ya. O kpebiri ịchụ onwe ya n'àjà. Ọ meghere windo ya iji kpọọ Orlok ma mee ka ọ na-arịa ọrịa ka o wee nwee ike iziga Hutter ka ọ kpọta Prọfesọ Bulwer, onye dọkịta. Mgbe ọ hapụrụ, Orlok batara ma ṅụọ ọbara ya, mana anyanwụ na-apụta, nke na-eme ka Orlok pụọ n'oké anwụrụ ọkụ. Ellen dị ndụ ogologo oge nke di ya na-eru uju makụrụ ya.

Ihe nkiri ikpeazụ na-egosi ụlọ elu Count Orlok mebiri emebi na Ugwu Carpathian.

== Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ==
[[File:Schreck.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Max Schreck na mkpọsa maka ihe nkiri ahụ]]

* Max Schreck dị ka Count Orlok
* Gustav von Wangenheim dị ka Thomas Hutter
* Greta Schröder dị ka Ellen Hutter
* Alexander Granach dị ka Knock
* Georg H. Schnell dị ka onye nwe ụgbọ mmiri Harding
* Ruth Landshoff dị ka Ruth
* John Gottowt dị ka Prọfesọ Bulwer
* Gustav Botz dị ka Prọfesọ Sievers
* Max Nemetz dị ka Onye isi nke ''Empusa''
* Wolfgang Heinz dị ka Onye Mbụ nke ''Empusa''
* Hardy von Francois [de] as Mental Hospital Doctor
* Albert Venohr [de] as Sailor Two
* Guido Herzfeld dị ka onye na-elekọta ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ
* Karl Etlinger dị ka nwa akwụkwọ na Bulwer
* Fanny Schreck dị ka Nọọsụ Ụlọ Ọgwụ

== Isiokwu ==
A maara ''Nosferatu'' maka isiokwu ya gbasara egwu nke ndị ọzọ, yana maka okwu mgbochi ndị Juu, nke abụọ nwere ike isite na akwụkwọ akụkọ Bram Stoker ''Dracula'', nke ihe nkiri ahụ dabeere na ya.<ref name="Giesen 109">[[Nosferatu#Giesen|Giesen 2019 page 109]]</ref> A na-eji ọdịdị ahụ nke Count Orlok, ya na imi ya, mbọ mkpịsị aka ogologo, na isi nkwọcha buru ibu, tụnyere ihe osise ndị Juu site n'oge e mepụtara ''Nosferatu''.<ref name="Giesen 108">[[Nosferatu#Giesen|Giesen 2019 page 108]]</ref> A na-ejikwa ọdịdị ya tụnyere nke òké ma ọ bụ òké, nke a na-ejikarị ndị Juu tụnyere.<ref name="Giesen 108–109">[[Nosferatu#Giesen|Giesen 2019 pages 108–109]]</ref><ref name="Magistrale 25–26">[[Nosferatu#Magistrale|Magistrale 2005 page 25–26]]</ref> Mmasị Orlok nwere n'inweta ihe onwunwe n'obodo Wisborg nke Germany, mgbanwe na mpaghara site na akwụkwọ akụkọ Stoker nke [[London]], a tụlere ya dị ka ihe na-egbu egwu na nchegbu nke ọha na eze Germany n'oge ahụ.<ref name="Magistrale 25">[[Nosferatu#Magistrale|Magistrale 2005 page 25]]</ref> Prọfesọ Tony Magistrale kwuru na ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara "mmegide nke ala nna Germany site n'ike ndị ọzọ [...] na-eme ka ihe yiri nke na-emegide ndị Juu na-agbasa na Northern Europe na 1922."<ref name="Magistrale 25" />

Mgbe Orlok si mba ọzọ rutere Wisborg site na ụgbọ mmiri, ọ na-eweta ọtụtụ òké nke, na ntụgharị site na akwụkwọ akụkọ, gbasaa ihe otiti ahụ n'obodo ahụ dum.<ref name="Magistrale 25–26">[[Nosferatu#Magistrale|Magistrale 2005 page 25–26]]</ref><ref name="Joslin 15">[[Nosferatu#Joslin|Joslin 2017 page 15]]</ref> Akụkụ a na-ejikọwanye Orlok na ụmụ oke na echiche nke "Jew dị ka ihe na-akpata ọrịa".<ref name="Giesen 108">[[Nosferatu#Giesen|Giesen 2019 page 108]]</ref><ref name="Magistrale 25–26" /> Onye edemede Kevin Jackson kwuru na onye nduzi F. W. Murnau "bụ enyi na onye na-echebe ọtụtụ ndị ikom na ndị inyom ndị Juu" n'oge ndụ ya niile, gụnyere onye na-eme ihe nkiri ndị Juu Alexander Granach, onye na-egwu Knock na ''Nosferatu''.<ref name="Jackson 20">[[Nosferatu#Jackson|Jackson 2013 page 20]]</ref> Tụkwasị na nke a, Magistrale dere na Murnau, ebe ọ bụ onye na-edina ụdị onwe ya, ga-abụrịrị na ọ na-emetụta mkpagbu nke obere ìgwè n'ime nnukwu obodo Germany.<ref name="Magistrale 25–26" /> N'ihi nke a, a na-ekwu na njikọ dị n'etiti Orlok na echiche ndị na-emegide ndị Juu agaghị abụ mkpebi mara mma site n'aka Murnau.<ref name="Magistrale 25–26" /><ref name="Jackson 20" />

== Mmepụta ==
[[Usòrò:Prana-Film_1.jpg|thumb|Ihe ngosi Prana Film]]
Ụlọ ihe nkiri dị n'azụ ''Nosferatu'', Prana Film, bụ ụlọ ihe nkiri German na-adịghị ekwu okwu nke Enrico Dieckmann na onye na-ese ihe omimi Albin Grau guzobere na 1921, nke akpọrọ aha akwụkwọ akụkọ Theosophical nke akpọrọ onwe ya maka echiche Hindu nke ''prana''. Ọ bụ ezie na ebumnuche nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ imepụta ihe nkiri anwansi na nke karịrị nke mmadụ, ''Nosferatu'' bụ naanị mmepụta ya, ebe ọ kwupụtara na ọ dara ogbenye n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe a tọhapụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Elsaesser|first=Thomas|title=Six Degrees Of Nosferatu|journal=Sight and Sound|date=February 2001|url=http://old.bfi.org.uk/sightandsound/feature/92|accessdate=31 May 2013|issn=0037-4806}}</ref>

Grau kwuru na ọ bụ ahụmahụ agha kpaliri ya ịgba ihe nkiri vampire: n'akụkọ apocryphal nke Grau, n'oge oyi nke 1916, onye ọrụ ugbo Serbia gwara ya na nna ya bụ vampire na otu n'ime ndị nwụrụ anwụ.
[[Usòrò:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J0710-0303-004,_Wismar,_Heiliggeistkirche.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|E sere ọpụpụ Hutter na Wisborg n'ogige Heiligen-Geist-Kirche na Wismar; foto a sitere na 1970.]]
Diekmann na Grau nyere Henrik Galeen, onye na-eso ụzọ Hanns Heinz Ewers, ọrụ iji dee ihe nkiri nke sitere na akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Dracula'', ọ bụ ezie na Prana Film enwetaghị ikike ihe nkiri ahụ. Galeen bụ ọkachamara nwere ahụmahụ na ịhụnanya ịhụnanya gbara ọchịchịrị ; ọ rụburu ọrụ na ''The Student of Prague'' (1913), na screenplay maka ''Golem: Olee otú O si bata n'ụwa'' (1920). Galeen debere akụkọ ahụ na obodo ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Wisborg nke ugwu German. Ọ gbanwere aha ndị odide ahụ wee gbakwunye echiche nke vampire na-ebute ọrịa ahụ na Wisborg site na oke na ụgbọ mmiri, ma hapụ Van Helsing vampire dinta agwa. Ụdị ihuenyo nke Galeen's Expressionist bụ uri urithmic, na-enweghị ikesa ya dị ka akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ na-emetụta akwụkwọ edemede Expressionism, dị ka nke Carl Mayer . Lotte Eisner kọwara ihe nkiri Galeen dị ka " ''voll Poesie, voll Rhythmus''</link> "(" juputara na uri, juputara na uda"). <ref name="Eisner67-27">[[Nosferatu#Eisner67|Eisner 1967 page 27]]</ref>
[[Usòrò:HL_Damals_–_Johannes_Maass_–_Salzspeicher.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Salzspeicher dị na Lübeck jere ozi dị ka ebe ụlọ Orlok dị na Wisborg.]]
Ịse ihe nkiri malitere na Julaị 1921, yana mpụta mpụta na Wismar . Ihe si n'ụlọ elu Marienkirche dị n'elu ahịa Wismar nwere Wasserkunst Wismar rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ihe ntọhapụ maka ọnọdụ Wisborg. Ebe ndị ọzọ bụ Wassertor, ogige Heiligen-Geist-Kirche na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. Na Lübeck, Salzspeicher a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ jere ozi dị ka ụlọ Wisborg ọhụrụ nke Nosferatu, otu n'ime ụlọ ụka nke Aegidienkirche rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Hutter's, na ala Depenau otu ndị na-ebu ozu bu igbe ozu nke ndị e chere na ọ bụ ọrịa o metụtara. Ọtụtụ ihe nkiri nke Lübeck pụtara na ịchụ nta ''Knock'', bụ onye nyere iwu ka Hutter na ''Yard nke Füchting'' zutere Count Orlok. A na-esote mpụta mpụta ọzọ na Lauenburg, Rostock na na Sylt . Mpụ nke ihe nkiri ahụ e debere na Transylvania bụ n'ezie agbagburu na ebe dị n'ebe ugwu [[Slovakia]], gụnyere High Tatras, Vrátna dolina, Orava Castle, Osimiri Váh, na Starý Castle [ sk ] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pitt.edu/~votruba/sstopics/movieclips/slovakianosferatulocations.html|title=Nosferatu (1922) Slovak Locations|author=Votruba|first=Martin|work=Slovak Studies Program|publisher=University of Pittsburgh}}</ref> Ndị otu ahụ gbara ihe onyonyo ime n'ime ụlọ ihe nkiri JOFA dị na mpaghara Johannisthal nke Berlin yana mpụta ọzọ na ọhịa Tegel . 

Maka ihe kpatara ọnụ ahịa, onye na-ese foto Fritz Arno Wagner nwere naanị otu igwefoto dị, yabụ enwere naanị otu adịghị mma mbụ. <ref>[[Nosferatu#Prinzler|Prinzler page 222]]: Luciano Berriatúa and Camille Blot in section: ''Zur Überlieferung der Filme''. </ref> Onye isi ahụ gbasoro ihe ngosi Galeen nke ọma, na-agbaso ntuziaka ejiri aka dee na ndowe igwefoto, ọkụ, na ihe ndị metụtara ya. <ref name="Eisner67-27">[[Nosferatu#Eisner67|Eisner 1967 page 27]]</ref> Ka o sina dị, Murnau degharịrị kpamkpam peeji iri na abụọ nke edemede ahụ, n'ihi na ederede Galeen na-efu na edemede ọrụ onye nduzi. Nke a metụtara ọnọdụ ikpeazụ nke ihe nkiri ahụ, nke Ellen ji onwe ya chụọ àjà na vampire na-anwụ na ụzarị mbụ nke anyanwụ. <ref>[[Nosferatu#Eisner67|Eisner 1967 page 28]] Since vampires dying in daylight appears neither in Stoker's work nor in Galeen's script, this concept has been solely attributed to Murnau.</ref>  Murnau kwadoro nke ọma; e nwere ihe osise ndị ga-adaba kpọmkwem n'ihe nkiri nke ọ bụla e sere, o jikwa metronome chịkwaa ọsọ nke ihe nkiri ahụ. <ref>[[Nosferatu#Grafe|Grafe page 117]]</ref>
 

== Egwú ==
Ọ bụ Hans Erdmann mere akara izizi ya ma bụrụkwa ndị egwu egwu mere na mbido ihe nkiri Berlin. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ n'ime akara ahụ efunahụla, ma ihe fọdụrụ bụ naanị ụlọ emegharị emegharị.  Ya mere, n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe nkiri ''Nosferatu'', ọtụtụ ndị na-ede egwú na ndị na-egwu egwu edewo ma ọ bụ gbanwee ụda nke ha iji soro ihe nkiri ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, James Bernard, onye na-ede egwú nke ọtụtụ ihe nkiri egwu egwu Hammer na njedebe 1950 na 1960, dere akara maka mbipụtaghachi.  <ref>Randall D. Larson (1996). </ref> Silva Screen Records weputara akara Bernard na 1997. E weputara ụdị akara izizi Erdmann nke ndị ọkà mmụta egwu na ndị na-ede egwú Gillian Anderson na James Kessler rụgharịrị na 1995 site n'aka BMG Classics, yana ọtụtụ usoro na-efu efu ewepụtara ọhụrụ, na mbọ iji kwekọọ n'ụdị Erdmann. Nrụgharị mbụ nke onye na-ede German bụ Berndt Heller nwere ọtụtụ ihe mgbakwunye nke ọrụ oge gboo na-enweghị njikọ.  N'afọ 2022, akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times dere maka akara ọhụrụ nke onye dere Dutch Jozef van Wissem na mwepụta ndekọ maka Nosferatu. Malite na solo a na-akpọ na lute, arụmọrụ ya na-agụnye ụbọ ọkụ eletrik na ndekọ gbagọrọ agbagọ nke nnụnụ ekpochapụla, na-agụsị akwụkwọ site na aghụghọ gaa na egwu gothic. "Ụda ụda m na-aga site na ịgbachi nkịtị gaa na mkpọtụ n'ime nkeji 90," ka o kwuru, na-ejedebe na "oke ọnwụ metal." <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/24/movies/nosferatu-100-robert-eggers-remake.html|title=100 Years of 'Nosferatu,' the Vampire Movie That Won't Die|date=2022-03-24|work=[[The New York Times]]|publisher=}}</ref>

== Mgbanwe site na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ==
Akụkọ nke Nosferatu yiri nke Dracula ma na-ejigide ihe odide ndị bụ isi: Jonathan na Mina Harker, Count Dracula, na ndị ọzọ.  Ọ na-ahapụ ọtụtụ ndị egwuregwu nke abụọ, dị ka Arthur na Quincey ma gbanwee aha ndị fọdụrụ.  Ebufere ntọala ahụ site na Britain na 1890s gaa Germany na 1838.

N'adịghị ka Count Dracula, Orlok adịghị emepụta vampires ndị ọzọ kama ọ na-egbu ndị ọ metụtara, nke na-eme ka ndị obodo na-ata ahụhụ na-egbu egbu nke na-ebibi obodo ahụ.  Orlok ga-ehikwa ụra n'ehihie, n'ihi na ìhè anyanwụ ga-egbu ya, mana Dracula mbụ na-ada mbà naanị site na ìhè anyanwụ.  Ekwenyere na ọ bụ Belial kere Orlok, mmụọ ọjọọ nke Setan, na Count Dracula na-ekpughe na ọ bụbu voivode e gburu n'agha tupu ọ laghachi azụ dị ka vampire.  Ọgwụgwụ ahụ dịkwa nnọọ iche na akwụkwọ akụkọ Dracula ebe ọ bụ na a na-ebibi ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ n'oge ọwụwa anyanwụ mgbe Mina analogue na-achụrụ ya onwe ya n'àjà.[1]  Obodo a na-akpọ "Wisborg" na ihe nkiri ahụ bụ n'ezie ngwakọta nke Wismar na Lübeck;  na nsụgharị ndị ọzọ nke ihe nkiri ahụ, a na-agbanwe aha obodo ahụ, n'ihi ihe ndị a na-amaghị, laghachi na "Bremen".

== Ntọhapụ ==
N'oge na-adịghị anya tupu mmalite ahụ, e debere mkpọsa mgbasa ozi na mbipụta # 21 nke magazin ''Bühne'' und Film, na nchịkọta, foto na ọrụ, akụkọ mmepụta, na edemede, gụnyere ọgwụgwọ na vampirism site na Albin Grau.<ref>[[Nosferatu#Eisner|Eisner page 60]]</ref> ''Nosferatu'' meghere na Netherlands na 16 Febụwarị 1922 na Hague Flora na Olympia sinemas.<ref>{{Cite news|date=February 16, 1922|title=ADVERTENTIEN|pages=3|work=[[Haagsche Courant]]}}</ref> ''Nosferatu'' gosipụtara na Germany na 4 Machị 1922 na ''Marmorsaal'' nke Berlin Zoological Garden. A haziri nke a dị ka nnukwu mgbede ọha mmadụ nke akpọrọ ''Das Fest'' des Nosferatu (Festival of Nosferatu), a gwakwara ndị ọbịa ka ha bịa na-eyi uwe Biedermeier. Ihe nkiri German nke mbụ mere na 15 Machị 1922 na Primus-Palast nke Berlin.
[[Usòrò:Zoologischer_Garten_Berlin_-_Marmorsaal_im_Zoo.jpg|thumb|''Marmorsaal'' (ụlọ nzukọ marble) na Berlin Zoological Garden, nke egosiri ebe a na postcard nke 1900, bụ ebe ''Nosferatu'' gosipụtara.]]
N'adịghị ka Count Dracula, Orlok adịghị emepụta vampires ndị ọzọ kama ọ na-egbu ndị ọ metụtara, nke na-eme ka ndị obodo na-ata ahụhụ na-egbu egbu nke na-ebibi obodo ahụ.  Orlok ga-ehikwa ụra n'ehihie, n'ihi na ìhè anyanwụ ga-egbu ya, mana Dracula mbụ na-ada mbà naanị site na ìhè anyanwụ.  Ekwenyere na ọ bụ Belial kere Orlok, mmụọ ọjọọ nke Setan, na Count Dracula na-ekpughe na ọ bụbu voivode e gburu n'agha tupu ọ laghachi azụ dị ka vampire.  Ọgwụgwụ ahụ dịkwa nnọọ iche na akwụkwọ akụkọ Dracula ebe ọ bụ na a na-ebibi ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ n'oge ọwụwa anyanwụ mgbe Mina analogue na-achụrụ ya onwe ya n'àjà.[1]  Obodo a na-akpọ "Wisborg" na ihe nkiri ahụ bụ n'ezie ngwakọta nke Wismar na Lübeck;  na nsụgharị ndị ọzọ nke ihe nkiri ahụ, a na-agbanwe aha obodo ahụ, n'ihi ihe ndị a na-amaghị, laghachi na "Bremen".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.filmportal.de/person/waldemar-ronger_3a62870302144e28b1c4503c95b7d46e|title=Waldemar Ronger|work=www.filmportal.de|accessdate=18 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Reid|first=Brent|title=Nosferatu: Chronicles from the Vaults|url=https://www.brentonfilm.com/nosferatu-chronicles-from-the-vaults|work=brentonfilm.com|date=2 December 2016|accessdate=23 October 2022}}</ref>

== Nnabata na ihe nketa ==
''Nosferatu'' wetara Murnau n'ihu ọha, ọkachasị mgbe ewepụtara ihe nkiri ya ''Der brennende Acker'' ( ''The Burning Soil'' ) ụbọchị ole na ole ka e mesịrị. Ndị nta akụkọ kọrọ ọtụtụ ihe na ''Nosferatu'' na mmalite ya. Site na votu ndị na-eto eto, a na-akatọkwa mgbe ụfọdụ na nkà na ụzụ zuru oke na nkọwa doro anya nke ihe oyiyi adịghị adaba na isiokwu egwu. Onye ''Filmkurier'' nke 6 Maachị 1922 kwuru na vampire ahụ pụtara nke ukwuu ma na-enwu gbaa ka ọ dị egwu n'ezie. Hans Wollenberg kọwara ihe nkiri ahụ na ''foto-Stage'' Nke 11 nke 11 Maachị 1922 dị ka "mmetụta" ma too ọdịdị Murnau dị ka "ihe na-emepụta ọnọdụ." <ref>{{Cite book|editor=Prinzler|year=2003|title=Murnau – Ein Melancholiker des Films|location=Berlin|publisher=Stiftung Deutsche Kinemathek. Bertz|isbn=3-929470-25-X}}</ref> Na ''Vossische Zeitung'' nke 7 Maachị 1922, a toro ''Nosferatu'' maka ụdị anya ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nosferatu|url=http://www.filmhistoriker.de/films/nosferatu.htm|work=www.filmhistoriker.de|accessdate=9 December 2018|language=de|quote=Murnau, sein Bildlenker, stellt die Bildchen, sorglich durchgearbeitet, in sich abgeschlossen. Das Schloß des Entsetzens, das Haus des Nosferatu sind packende Leistungen. Ein Motiv-Museum.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007145641/http://www.filmhistoriker.de/films/nosferatu.htm|archivedate=7 October 2018}}</ref>

Nosferatu bụkwa ihe nkiri mbụ gosipụtara vampire na-anwụ n'ihi ìhè anyanwụ.  Akwụkwọ akụkọ vampire ndị gara aga dị ka Dracula egosila na ìhè anyanwụ adịghị ahụ ha mma, mana ọ bụghị nke na-eyi egwu ọnwụ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Scivally|first=Bruce|title=Dracula FAQ: All That's Left to Know About the Count from Transylvania|date=2015-09-01|publisher=Hal Leonard Corporation|isbn=978-1-61713-636-8|language=en}}</ref>

Ihe nkiri ahụ enwetala nyocha dị mma. Na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nchịkọta nyocha Rotten Tomatoes, ihe nkiri ahụ nwere nkwenye nke 97% dabere na nyocha 63, na nkezi nke 9.05/10. Nkwekọrịta dị oke egwu nke ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na-agụ, "Otu n'ime ọrụ nka kachasị emetụta n'oge ahụ, mmetụta egwu, Gothic nke ''Nosferatu'' - na arụmọrụ na-eme ka Max Schreck dị ka vampire - setịpụrụ ụkpụrụ maka ihe nkiri egwu ndị sochiri. "<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/nosferatu/|title=Nosferatu, a Symphony of Horror (Nosferatu, eine Symphonie des Grauens) (Nosferatu the Vampire) (1922)|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|publisher=[[Fandango Media]]|accessdate=9 August 2019}}</ref> N'afọ 1995, Vatican gụnyere ''Nosferatu'' na ndepụta nke ihe nkiri 45 dị mkpa ndị mmadụ kwesịrị ile.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://decentfilms.com/articles/vaticanfilmlist|title=The Vatican Film List|work=Decent Films|publisher=SDQ reviews|accessdate=14 August 2022}}</ref> A họpụtara ya na nke iri abụọ na otu na magazin Empire "The 100 Best Films of World Cinema" na 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The 100 Best Films of World Cinema: 21 Nosferatu|url=https://www.empireonline.com/features/100-greatest-world-cinema-films/default.asp?film=21|work=Empire}}</ref>

N'afọ 1997, onye nkatọ Roger Ebert gbakwunyere ''Nosferatu'' na ndepụta ya nke The Great Movies, na-ede:

Na 1993, ihe omume 15 nke usoro Nickelodeon Ị na-atụ egwu Ọchịchịrị?  gosipụtara nyocha "pụrụ iche" nke Nosferatu.  Mgbe nyocha ahụ gasịrị, Count Orlok na-apụta na ihuenyo n'ime ụwa n'ezie wee malite ịchụso ndị ọ metụtara na ụlọ ihe nkiri.

Ihe nkiri 2000 bụ Shadow of the Vampire bụ echiche akụkọ ifo banyere ime Nosferatu.

Na 2022 ihe ngosi Phantoms of the Night.  Afọ 100 nke "Nosferatu" ga-emepe na Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Phantome der Nacht. 100 Jahre Nosferatu|url=https://nosferatuinberlin.de/en/|accessdate=2023-03-24|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-03-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324102614/https://nosferatuinberlin.de/en/}}</ref>

Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi F.W.M.  Symphony ewepụtara na ngwụcha 2022 bụ nkwanye ugwu nye Nosferatu, ma na-egosipụtakwa izu ohi nke okpokoro isi Murnau n'ili ezinụlọ ya na 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=F.W.M. – Symphonie|url=http://fwms.film/about.html|accessdate=2023-03-24|work=fwms.film}}</ref>

== Vidiyo ụlọ na ọkwa nwebiisinka ==
''Nosferatu'' batara na [[Public domain|ngalaba ọha]] n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke afọ 2019. Nke a butere na nkesa zuru ebe niile nke oyiri bootleg ojii na ọcha eweghachitebeghị.  Malite na 1981, ihe nkiri ahụ enweela mweghachi gọọmentị dị iche iche, ọtụtụ n'ime ha ewepụtala na vidiyo ụlọ na US, Europe na Australia. Ụdịdị ndị a, bụ ndị nwere tinted, nke emeziri ọsọ ma nwee akara pụrụ iche, nwere ikike nwebiisinka iche gbasara ihe ọhụrụ nwebiisinka. 

== Ihe ndị ọzọ e mere ==
Mweghachi nke 1979 nke onye isi Werner Herzog, Nosferatu the Vampyre, mere Klaus Kinski (dị ka Count Dracula, ọ bụghị Count Orlok).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allrovi.com/movies/movie/Nosferatu-the-Vampyr-v127854|title=Nosferatu the Vampyre|author=Erickson|first=Hal|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120717093933/http://www.allrovi.com/movies/movie/Nosferatu-the-Vampyr-v127854|archivedate=17 July 2012|work=Allrovi|accessdate=6 September 2011}}</ref>

Onye isi oche David Lee Fisher nọ na mmepe mgbe enwetachara ya nke ọma na Kickstarter na 3 Disemba 2014.[1]  Na 13 Eprel 2016, a kọrọ na a na-etinye Doug Jones dị ka Count Orlok na ihe nkiri ahụ nakwa na ịse foto amalitela.  Ihe nkiri ahụ ga-eji ihuenyo akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ tinye ihe ndabere agba sitere na ihe nkiri mbụ atop live-action, usoro Fisher ejiribu mee ihe maka imegharị ya The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (2005).[2][3]  Dịka nke 2023, ụdị a ka ewepụtabeghị, yana mmelite ikpeazụ sitere na Jones na 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Doug Jones' Twitter|date=11 March 2020|url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/movie/3608544/doug-jones-suggests-nosferatu-movie-may-finally-finished-soon/|accessdate=26 December 2022}}</ref>

N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2015, a mara ọkwa mmezigharị ọzọ na Robert Eggers na-ede ma na-eduzi. Ebumnuche nke ihe nkiri ahụ bụ Jay Van Hoy na Lars Knudsen mepụtara maka Studio 8.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Fleming|first=Mike Jr.|title=Studio 8 Sets ''Nosferatu'' Remake; ''The Witch''{{'}}s Robert Eggers to Write & Direct|url=https://deadline.com/2015/07/nosferatu-the-witch-robert-eggers-studio-8-1201486438/|date=28 July 2015|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|accessdate=27 March 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2016, Eggers kwupụtara ihe ijuanya na Nosferatu remake ga-abụ ihe nkiri nke abụọ ya, na-ekwu "Ọ dị njọ ma na-ekwulu onwe ya ma na-asọ oyi maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri n'ọnọdụ m iji mee ''Nosferatu'' ọzọ. Anọ m n'ezie na-eme atụmatụ ichere nwa oge, mana nke ahụ bụ otú akara aka si maa jijiji. "<ref>{{Cite news|author=O'Falt|first=Chris|title=Filmmaker Toolkit Podcast: ''Witch'' Director Robert Eggers' Lifelong Obsession with ''Nosferatu'' and His Plans for a Remake (Episode 13)|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2016/11/filmmaker-toolkit-podcast-the-witch-robert-eggers-episode-12-1201745594/|date=11 November 2016|work=[[Indiewire]]|accessdate=27 March 2019}}</ref> N'afọ 2017, a mara ọkwa na Anya Taylor-Joy ga-apụta na ihe nkiri ahụ n'ọrụ a na-amaghị ama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/split-anya-taylor-joy-reteams-with-witch-director-on-nosferatu-remake-1202527484/|title='Split' Star Anya Taylor-Joy Reteams With 'Witch' Director on 'Nosferatu' Remake (EXCLUSIVE)|date=14 August 2017}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, n'ajụjụ ọnụ 2019, Eggers kwuru na ọ maghị ma a ka ga-eme ihe nkiri ahụ, na-ekwu.Mana kwa, amaghị m, ma eleghị anya ''Nosferatu'' adịghị mkpa ka e mee ya ọzọ, ọ bụ ezie na m etinyela oge dị ukwuu na nke ahụ. "<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/nosferatu-remake-robert-eggers-next-film/|title=Robert Eggers on Status of Nosferatu, Prepping Next Film|date=15 October 2019}}</ref> A kọrọ na Septemba 2022 na Focus Features ga-ekesa mmezigharị Eggers, na Bill Skarsgård setịpụrụ dị ka Orlok na [[Lily-Rose Depp]] dị ka Ellen Hutter.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Kroll|first=Justin|date=September 30, 2022|url=https://deadline.com/2022/09/bill-skarsgard-lily-rose-depp-robert-eggers-nosferatu-focus-1235131507/|title=Bill Skarsgard & Lily-Rose Depp To Star In 'Nosferatu', Robert Eggers' Follow-Up To 'Northman' For Focus|publisher=[[Deadline (website)|Deadline]]|accessdate=October 1, 2022}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ahụ mechiri foto isi na Mee 19, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Squires|first=John|date=2023-05-30|title=Filming on the Robert Eggers 'Nosferatu' Remake Has Reportedly Wrapped in Prague|url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/movie/3764003/filming-on-the-robert-eggers-nosferatu-remake-has-reportedly-wrapped-in-prague/|accessdate=2023-06-03|work=Bloody Disgusting!|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Hụkwa zie ==

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Akwụkwọ  ọgụgụ ===

*   (1921-1922 reports and reviews)
* {{Cite book|author=Eisner|first=Lotte H.|year=1967|title=Murnau. Der Klassiker des deutschen Films|language=de|location=Velber/Hannover|publisher=Friedrich Verlag|ref=Eisner67}}
* {{Cite book|author=Eisner|first=Lotte H.|editor=Hoffmann|year=1980|title=Die dämonische Leinwand|language=de|location=Frankfurt am Main|isbn=3-596-23660-6|ref=Eisner80}}
* {{Cite book|author=Giesen|first=Rolf|year=2019|title=The Nosferatu Story: The Seminal Horror Film, Its Predecessors and Its Enduring Legacy|language=en|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn=978-1476672984|ref=Giesen}}
* {{Cite book|author=Grafe|first=Frieda|editor=Patalas|year=2003|title=Licht aus Berlin: Lang/Lubitsch/Murnau|language=de|location=Berlin|publisher=Verlag Brinkmann & Bose|isbn=978-3922660811|ref=Grafe}}
* {{Cite book|author=Jackson|first=Kevin|authorlink=Kevin Jackson (writer)|year=2013|title=Nosferatu eine Symphonie des Grauens|language=en|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|isbn=978-1844576500|ref=Jackson}}
* {{Cite book|author=Joslin|first=Lyndon W.|year=2017|title=Count Dracula Goes to the Movies: Stoker's Novel Adapted|language=en|edition=3rd|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|isbn=978-1476669878|ref=Joslin}}
* {{Cite book|author=Magistrale|first=Tony|year=2005|title=Abject Terrors: Surveying the Modern and Postmodern Horror Film|language=en|publisher=[[Peter Lang (publisher)|Peter Lang]]|isbn=978-0820470566|ref=Magistrale}}
* {{Cite book|author=Meßlinger|first=Karin|editor=Prinzler|year=2003|title=Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau: ein Melancholiker des Films|language=de|location=Berlin|publisher=Bertz Verlag GbR|isbn=3-929470-25-X|ref=Prinzler}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{Commons category}}
 
 

* {{IMDb title|0013442|Nosferatu}}
* Nosferatu at AllMovie
* Nosferatu at Rotten Tomatoes
* Nosferatu at the TCM Movie Database
* [https://www.brentonfilm.com/articles/nosferatu-history-and-home-video-guide ''Nosferatu'']: Akụkọ ihe mere eme na Home Video Guide na Brenton Film
* Nosferatu is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive
{{Nosferatu}}{{Dracula}}{{F. W. Murnau}}{{Authority control}}
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
Ganata na Nosferatu.
Ewepụtara na https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosferatu