Tazama chanzo cha Australia

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{{Infobox country|
native_name =Commonwealth of Australia |
conventional_long_name = Jumuiya ya Australia |
common_name = Australia |
image_flag =Flag of Australia.svg |
symbol_type =Nembo |
image_coat = Coat of Arms of Australia.svg |
image_map =LocationAU.png |
national_motto = ''(hakuna)'' |
national_anthem=''[[Advance Australia Fair]]''<br />[[Wimbo la kifalme]]: ''[[God Save the Queen]]'' |
official_languages =[[Kiingereza]] (''hali halisi, si kisheria'')<sup>1</sup>|
capital =[[Canberra]]|
latd=35|latm=15|latNS=S|longd=149|longm=28|longEW=E|
largest_city =[[Sydney]]|
government_type=[[Shirikisho]] la [[bunge]]; [[ufalme]] wa kikatiba|   
leader_titles = 1: [[Mfalme wa Australia]], <br />2: Gavana Mkuu, <br />3: Waziri Mkuu |
leader_names = 1: [[Charles III wa Uingereza]], <br />2: [[Sam Mostyn]], <br />3: [[Anthony Albanese]]|
area_rank=ya 6|
area_magnitude=1_E12|
area=7,617,930|
areami² = 2,969,907| <!-- Do not remove [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
percent_water=1|
population_estimate = 25,970,200| <!--"Population clock". Australian Bureau of Statistics website. Commonwealth of Australia.-->
population_estimate_year = 2022 |
population_estimate_rank = 53rd |
population_census = 25,422,788 |
population_census_year = 2021|
population_density = 3.4|
population_densitymi² = 8.8|<!-- Do not remove -->
population_density_rank = 192nd|
sovereignty_type=[[Uhuru]]|
sovereignty_note = kutoka [[Uingereza]] |
established_events= [[Katiba ya Australia]] |
established_event2 = [[Statute of Westminster 1931|Statute of Westminster]] |
established_event3 = [[Australia Act 1986|Australia Act]]|
established_dates= 1.1. 1901 |
established_date2 = [[11 Desemba]] [[1931]] |
established_date3 = [[3 Machi]] [[1986]]|
currency=[[Australian dollar]]|
currency_code=AUD|
time_zone=[[States and territories of Australia|various]]<sup>2</sup>|
utc_offset=+8–+10|
time_zone_DST=[[States and territories of Australia|various]]<sup>2</sup>|
utc_offset_DST=+8–+11|
cctld= [[.au]] |
calling_code=61|
ISO_3166-1_alpha2=AU|
ISO_3166-1_alpha3=AUS|
ISO_3166-1_numeric=036|
sport_code=AUS|
vehicle_code=AUS|
GDP_PPP_year=2006|
GDP_PPP=$674.9 billion|
GDP_PPP_rank=17th|
GDP_PPP_per_capita=$30,897|
GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=14th|
HDI_year=2003|
HDI=0.955|
HDI_rank=3rd|
HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font>|
footnotes=<sup>1</sup>English does not have ''de jure'' official status ([http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/multicultural/confer/04/speech18b.htm source]) <br /><sup>2</sup>There are some minor variations from these three time zones, see [[Time in Australia]]<div class="noprint" style="float:right;"> </div>
}}

'''Australia''' ni [[bara]] pia ni [[nchi huru]] ya [[Oceania]]. Ikiwa na eneo la [[km²]] 7,617,930 ni [[bara]] dogo kuliko yote [[duniani]], na ni [[kisiwa]] kikubwa kuliko vyote. Kama nchi ni ya sita kwa ukubwa.

Iko [[kusini]] kwa [[Indonesia]] na [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] na iko [[magharibi]] kwa [[New Zealand]]. Mara nyingi visiwa vya New Zealand huhesabiwa kuwa sehemu ya bara la Australia. Vilevile Australia huangaliwa pamoja na visiwa vya [[Pasifiki]] katika orodha ya mabara ya dunia kama "[[Australia na Pasifiki]]".

[[Idadi]] ya wakazi ni 25,970,200 ([[mwaka]] [[2022]]).

== Jiografia ==
[[Picha:Australia-climate-map MJC01.png|right|thumbnail|Hali ya hewa Australia kufuatana na [[Köppen classification]].]]
Bara la Australia linakaa juu ya sehemu imara ya [[bamba la Australia]] bila mipaka ya [[gandunia]] na kwa hiyo hakuna [[volkeno]]; [[matetemeko ya ardhi]] ni madogo tu. 

[[Umbali]] kati ya magharibi na [[mashariki]] ni [[km]] 4,000, na kati ya [[kaskazini]] na kusini umbali ni km 3,700. 

Australia huzungukwa na [[bahari ya Hindi]], bahari ya [[Pasifiki]] na [[Bahari ya Kusini]]. Kwa jumla ina [[pwani]] yenye [[urefu]] wa [[kilomita]] 34,218. 

[[Great Barrier Reef]] mbele ya pwani ya mashariki-kaskazini ni vipwa vya [[matumbawe]] vikubwa duniani; ina urefu wa kilomita 2,000.

Sehemu kubwa ya bara ni [[jangwa]] au maeneo [[yabisi]] sana. Takriban [[asilimia]] 40 ya eneo limefunikwa na [[matuta ya mchanga]]. [[Ardhi]] yenye [[rutuba]] iko kusini-mashariki na [[kona]] ya kusini-magharibi pamoja na [[hali ya hewa]] isiyo na [[joto kali]]. Hali ya hewa kaskazini ni ya [[kitropiki]] na huko kuna [[misitu]] minene pamoja na [[savana]] na jangwa.

Sehemu kubwa ya uso wa nchi ni [[tambarare]] na majangwa. Kwenye pwani ya mashariki na pia upande wa magharibi kuna [[safu za milima]] inayopanda hadi [[kimo]] cha [[mita]] 2,200. Sehemu ya juu kabisa huitwa [[milima ya theluji]] au [[Alpi za Australia]] na [[mlima Kosciuszko]] unafikia kimo cha mita 2,229. Huko kuna [[barafuto]] za kudumu.

Sehemu ya chini iko kwenye [[beseni]] la [[ziwa Eyre]] iliyopo mita 17 chini ya [[usawa wa bahari]]. Tako la beseni hilo mara nyingi ni kavu kabisa, huwa pamejaa [[maji]] mara chache tu baada ya [[mvua]] kubwa sana.

Mahali pakavu kabisa ni [[jangwa la Simpson]] lenye [[usimbishaji]] chini ya 200 [[mm]] kwa [[mwaka]].

[[Mito]] muhimu inaanza katika Alpi za Australia: ni [[Murray (mto)|Murray]] na [[Darling (mto)|Darling]] inayomwagilia [[beseni]] la Murray-Darling na hii ni eneo muhimu la [[kilimo]] cha Australia.

Mingine ni [[Mto Snowy]] na [[Mto Murrumbidgee]], halafu [[mto Fitzroy]] ([[Queensland]]), [[mto Ord]], [[mto Swan]] ([[Australia ya Magharibi]]), [[mto Derwent]], [[mto Tamar]] (Tasmania) na [[mto Hawkesbury]] ([[New South Wales]]).

Sehemu kubwa ya bara haina watu. Wakazi wengi pamoja na miji yote wako kwenye pwani ya mashariki na kusini. 

[[Miji]] mikubwa ni [[Sydney]] (wakazi milioni 3.7), [[Melbourne]] (wakazi milioni 3.6), [[Brisbane]] (wakazi milioni 1.7), [[Perth]] (wakazi milioni 1.4) na [[Adelaide]] (wakazi milioni 1.1).

[[Mji mkuu]], [[Canberra]] (wakazi 308,700), ulijengwa kati ya Sydney na Melbourne kwa sababu miji hiyo miwili ilishindwa kukubaliana ni upi unaostahili kuwa mji mkuu.

[[Uchumi]] katika maeneo yabisi ni hasa [[ufugaji]] wa [[kondoo]] [[milioni]] 130 na [[ng'ombe]] milioni 25.

== Ekolojia ==
Australia ilitengana na mabara mengine miaka milioni mingi iliyopita. Kwa sababu hiyo kuna aina nyingi za pekee za [[mimea]] na [[wanyama]] zisizopatikana penginepo duniani. Wanyama wa pekee ni kwa mfano [[kanguru]] na [[koala]]. [[Miti]] ya Australia kama vile [[mkalitusi]] imepelekwa kote duniani katika nchi zenye hali ya hewa ya kufaa.

== Historia ==
Watu wa kwanza walifika Australia takriban miaka 65,000 iliyopita<ref>Clarkson, Chris; Jacobs, Zenobia; Marwick, Ben; Fullagar, Richard; Wallis, Lynley; Smith, Mike; Roberts, Richard G.; Hayes, Elspeth; Lowe, Kelsey; Carah, Xavier; Florin, S. Anna; McNeil, Jessica; Cox, Delyth; Arnold, Lee J.; Hua, Quan; Huntley, Jillian; Brand, Helen E. A.; Manne, Tiina; Fairbairn, Andrew; Shulmeister, James; Lyle, Lindsey; Salinas, Makiah; Page, Mara; Connell, Kate; Park, Gayoung; Norman, Kasih; Murphy, Tessa; Pardoe, Colin (2017). "Human occupation of northern Australia by 65,000 years ago". Nature. 547 (7663): 306–310. Bibcode:2017Natur.547..306C. doi:10.1038/nature22968. hdl:2440/107043. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 28726833.</ref>. Walitunza [[utamaduni]] wa [[wawindaji-wakusanyaji]] hadi kufika kwa [[wakoloni]] ([[1606]]).

Hakuna habari kama watu wa [[Asia]] walifikia Australia lakini tangu [[karne ya 17]] [[BK]] [[Uholanzi|Waholanzi]] halafu [[Uingereza|Waingereza]] walifika kwa [[jahazi]] zao.

Australia ikawa mahali pa [[koloni]] la ki[[gereza]] na [[wafungwa]] kutoka [[Uingereza]] walipelekwa huko katika [[karne ya 19]]. Baadaye walifika pia [[walowezi]] huru.

Idadi ya [[Waustralia asilia]] imepungua sana kutokana na magonjwa mapya wakiambukizwa na [[Wazungu]], pia walitendewa vibaya na kufukuzwa katika sehemu kubwa ya nchi yao.

Australia ilipata [[uhuru]] wake mwaka [[1901]] lakini inaendelea kumkubali [[malkia ya Uingereza]] kama Mkuu wa Dola akiwasilishwa na [[Gavana Mkuu]]. [[Mamlaka]] imo mikononi mwa [[waziri mkuu]] na [[serikali]] yake.

== Serikali ==
[[Muundo]] wa utawala ni wa [[shirikisho]]. Kuna ma[[jimbo]] 6 ya kujitawala pamoja na maeneo ambayo yako moja kwa moja chini ya serikali ya shirikisho.

==Lugha==
Australia haina [[lugha rasmi]], lakini 72% ya wakazi nyumbani wanaongea [[Kiingereza cha Kiaustralia]] tu. Lugha nyingine zinazotumika na zaidi ya 1% ya wakazi ni ni [[Kichina]], [[Kiarabu]], [[Kivietnam]], [[Kipanjabi]] n.k. Wachache nyumbani wanaongea mojawapo kati ya [[lugha asili]] za Australia. Angalia pia [[Orodha ya lugha za Australia]].

==Dini==
Katika [[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2021]], [[Wakristo]] walikuwa 43.9% ya wakazi wote, wakiongozwa na [[Wakatoliki]] (20%) na [[Waanglikana]] (9.8). [[Waislamu]] walikuwa 3.2%, [[Mabanyani]] 2.7%, [[Wabuddha]] 2.4%, [[Singasinga]] 0.8%, [[Wayahudi]] 0.4% n.k. 38.9% walisema hawana [[dini]] yoyote.

==Tazama pia==
* [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]]

==Tanbihi==
{{reflist|group="N"|30em}}

==Marejeo==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Oxford Companion to Australian History|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_t3i0|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Melbourne, Vic.|year=1999|isbn=0-19-553597-9|author=Davison, Graeme; Hirst, John; [[Stuart Macintyre|Macintyre, Stuart]]}}
* {{Cite book|first=James|last=Jupp|year=2001|title=The Australian people: an encyclopedia of the nation, its people, and their origins|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=0-521-80789-1|ref=Jupp}}
* {{Cite book|title=Australian painting 1788–1990|url=https://archive.org/details/australianpainti0000smit_t9s9|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Melbourne, Vic.|year=1991|isbn=0-19-554901-5|author=Smith, Bernard; Smith, Terry|ref=Smith}}
* {{Cite book|author=Teo, Hsu-Ming; White, Richard|year=2003|title=Cultural history in Australia|url=https://archive.org/details/culturalhistoryi0000unse|publisher=[[University of New South Wales Press]]|isbn=0-86840-589-2|ref=Teo}}
{{refend}}

==Marejeo mengine==
{{refbegin}}
* Denoon, Donald, et al. (2000). ''A History of Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific''. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-17962-3
* Goad, Philip and Julie Willis (eds) (2011). ''The Encyclopedia of Australian Architecture'' Cambridge University Press, Port Melbourne, Victoria. ISBN 978-0-521-88857-8
* Hughes, Robert (1986). ''The Fatal Shore: The Epic of Australia's Founding''. Knopf. ISBN 0-394-50668-5.
* Powell JM (1988). ''An Historical Geography of Modern Australia: The Restive Fringe''. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-25619-4
* Robinson GM, Loughran RJ, and Tranter PJ (2000) ''Australia and New Zealand: economy, society and environment''. London: Arnold; NY: OUP; 0340720336 paper 0-340720328 hard.
{{refend}}

==Viungo vya nje==
* [http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/australia/ About Australia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/australia/ |date=20141231054514 }} from the [[Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia)|Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade]] website
* [http://www.gov.au/ Governments of Australia website] (federal, states and territories)
* [http://www.australia.gov.au/ Australian Government website]
* [http://www.abs.gov.au/ Australian Bureau of Statistics]
* [http://www.community.gov.au/ Community organisations portal] {{Wayback|url=http://www.community.gov.au/ |date=20100502175505 }}
* [http://www.australia.com/ Tourism Australia]
* {{CIA World Factbook link|as|Australia}}
* [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/australia.htm Australia] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/australia.htm |date=20091116175731 }} at ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''
* {{dmoz|Regional/Oceania/Australia}}
{{Pasifiki}}
{{Mbegu-jio}}
[[Jamii:Australia| ]]
[[Jamii:Nchi za Australia na Pasifiki]]
[[Jamii:Bara]]
[[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Madola]]
Rudia Australia.
Rudishwa kutoka "https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia"