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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}

The '''Field Artillery Rationalisation Plan''' is a [[Military acquisition|procurement]] and development plan of the [[Indian Army]]. The programme was drafted in 1999 in the aftermath of the [[Kargil war]], emboldened by the success of the [[Haubits FH77|155&nbsp;mm Bofors]] guns in its inventory. The programme was slated to replace the weapons of 169 artillery regiments with modern weapon systems, predominantly of 155mm calibre.<ref name="ThePrint28Nov2020">{{cite web |url=https://theprint.in/defence/how-armys-artillery-modernisation-plan-stuck-in-a-rut-after-bofors-is-picking-up-pace/553053/ |title=How Army's artillery modernisation plan, stuck in a rut after Bofors, is picking up pace |author=Amrita Nayak Dutta |date=28 November 2021 |website=The Print |access-date=6 June 2021 |archive-date=6 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606111244/https://theprint.in/defence/how-armys-artillery-modernisation-plan-stuck-in-a-rut-after-bofors-is-picking-up-pace/553053/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The procurement involves direct import, manufacture under license, as well as inhouse development of artillery weapon systems.<ref name="ThePrint06Jun2021">{{cite web |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/brahmastra/indias-artillery-modernisation-programme-must-not-go-the-vaccine-way/671460/ |title=India's artillery modernisation programme must not go the vaccine way |author=Snehesh Alex Philip |date=4 June 2021 |website=The Print |access-date=6 June 2021 |archive-date=6 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606102213/https://theprint.in/opinion/brahmastra/indias-artillery-modernisation-programme-must-not-go-the-vaccine-way/671460/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Under the Field Artillery Rationalisation Plan, the army plans to procure approximately 3000–3600 weapons, at a cost of over with an outlay of over Rs 20,000 crore (approximately US$3 billion). This includes the initial purchase of 1580 towed, 814 mounted, 180 self-propelled wheeled, 100 self-propelled tracked, and 145 ultra-light 155&nbsp;mm/52 calibre artillery guns.<ref name="Katoch">{{cite web |url=https://www.spslandforces.com/story/?id=766&h=Indian-Artillery-Modernisation |title=Indian Artillery Modernisation |author=Lt General P.C. Katoch (Retd) |date=28 September 2021 |website=SPSLandForces.com |access-date=4 June 2023  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024121200/https://www.spslandforces.com/story/?id=766&h=Indian-Artillery-Modernisation |archive-date=24 October 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> The FARP was further amplified by the Artillery Profile 2027 (acquisition plan), which was drafted in year 2008.<ref name="Katoch"/> In 2023, the [[Comptroller and Auditor General of India]] reported that only 8% of the [[Howitzer|howitzers]] planned for purchase by the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] had been received, and there is no visibility on the outcome of the remaining 77% of the proposed procurement.

==Towed guns==
[[File:Multiple Dhanush Artillery firing.jpg|thumb|Multiple Dhanush Guns firing]]

=== Dhanush ===
{{main|Dhanush (howitzer)}}

The [[Indian Army]] has ordered 114 [[Dhanush (howitzer)|Dhanush howitzers]] of which 18 units has been delivered.<ref name="artillery">{{cite news |last=Unnithan |first=Sandeep |date=12 August 2021 |title=Why L&T is offering the Indian army a homegrown artillery gun |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/why-l-t-is-offering-the-indian-army-a-homegrown-artillery-gun-1839576-2021-08-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221025227/https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/why-l-t-is-offering-the-indian-army-a-homegrown-artillery-gun-1839576-2021-08-11 |archive-date=21 December 2022 |work=India Today}}</ref> The First regiment ([[93 Field Regiment (India)|93 Field Regiment]]) is operational near the [[Line of Actual Control]] (LAC).<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2023 |title=Indian Army Deploys Upgraded Dhanush Howitzers in Ladakh |url=https://ssbcrackexams.com/indian-army-deploys-upgraded-dhanush-howitzers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209112747/https://ssbcrackexams.com/indian-army-deploys-upgraded-dhanush-howitzers/ |archive-date=9 December 2023 |access-date=9 December 2023 |website=ssbcrackexams.com |language=en-US}}</ref> All Dhanush units are expected to be delivered by 2026.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=2023-09-17 |title=Army likely to complete inducting 114 Dhanush guns by 2026 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/army-likely-to-complete-inducting-114-dhanush-guns-by-2026/article67317964.ece |access-date=2024-02-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=31 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831113906/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/army-likely-to-complete-inducting-114-dhanush-guns-by-2026/article67317964.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

A recent manufacturing disruption occurred due to the untimely procurement of a spare part needed for a sub-assembly. The production of the Dhanush has restarted following a pause due to a shortage of spare parts. In FY2023–2024, [[Advanced Weapons and Equipment India|Advance Weapons and Equipment India]] Limited (AWEIL) intends to supply the Indian Army with 26 brand-new howitzers. With this, the Indian Army will have 50 Dhanush weapons overall. The Army received the first set of 6 guns in April 2019. Accidents such as barrel bursts and muzzle brake strikes marred the early years of manufacturing. At that point, the then [[Directorate of Ordnance (Coordination & Services)|Ordnance Factory Board]] (OFB) was in charge of the [[Gun Carriage Factory Jabalpur|Gun Carriage Factory]] in [[Jabalpur]]. New terms and conditions were signed with the new entity AWEIL following the corporatization. According to the revised terms, the delivery is proceeding as planned.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Arya |first=Shishir |date=2023-12-06 |title=Dhanush production starts after spare part prob solved |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/dhanush-production-resumes-after-spare-part-problem-solved/articleshow/105768682.cms |access-date=2024-02-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=16 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216165505/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/dhanush-production-resumes-after-spare-part-problem-solved/articleshow/105768682.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== ATAGS ===
{{main|Advanced towed artillery gun system}}

In March 2023, the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) gave the Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) for the procurement of 307 [[Advanced towed artillery gun system|DRDO ATAGS]] for which tender has been issued.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Arthur |first=Gordon |date=2024-02-13 |title=India takes next step toward new 155mm towed howitzers |url=https://www.defensenews.com/land/2024/02/13/india-takes-next-step-toward-new-155mm-towed-howitzers/ |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Defense News |language=en |archive-date=31 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831113915/https://www.defensenews.com/land/2024/02/13/india-takes-next-step-toward-new-155mm-towed-howitzers/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3" /> In May 2023, the gun has completed and passed all the user trials for induction into Indian Army.<ref name=":4" /> The ATAGS is planned to be deployed on the along India's borders with both [[Line of Actual Control|China]] and [[India–Pakistan border|Pakistan]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=25 January 2024 |title=Top Defence Chief Gives Big Update On India-Made Artillery Gun Systems Order |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/orders-for-india-made-artillery-gun-system-to-be-placed-before-march-31-drdo-chief-4929359 |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=NDTV}}</ref> Contract to be signed by [[Fiscal year|FY]]2025 as of September 2024.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-27 |title=Amid military standoff with China, Indian Army gets new high-altitude firing range in Arunachal's Tawang sector |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/amid-military-standoff-with-china-indian-army-gets-new-high-altitude-firing-range-in-arunachals-tawang-sector20240927182923 |archive-date= |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=[[Asian News International|ANI]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ray |first=Kalyan |title=New howitzers, firing ranges near the LAC for Army amidst China boundary dispute |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/new-howitzers-firing-ranges-near-the-lac-for-army-amidst-china-boundary-dispute-3209983 |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

=== Towed Gun System (TGS) tender ===
The Army also has plans to procure 1,200 [[155 mm caliber|155 mm]] [[Caliber (artillery)|52-calibre]] Towed Gun Systems (TGS) in phased manner which will become the mainstay of the Indian Army in the future.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Army Intends To Purchase 1200 Advanced Towed Gun Systems (TGS). |url=https://www.theigmp.org/2024/10/indian-army-intends-to-purchase-1200-advanced-towed-gun-systems-tgs.html |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=theigmp.org |archive-date=20 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220034143/https://theigmp.org/indian-army-intends-to-purchase-1200-advanced-towed-gun-systems-tgs/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The initial order clearance (Acceptance of Necessity) for 400 units was granted on 30 November 2023 by the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Defence Acquisition Council approves capital acquisition proposals worth Rs 2.23 lakh crore to enhance the operational capabilities of the Armed Forces |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1981135 |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=pib.gov.in |archive-date=31 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831113916/https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1981135 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> On 16 August 2024, the Indian Army had issued a tender for the procurement of first batch of 400 units under Indian IDDM category. The tender has a worth of {{INRConvert|6500|c|lk=on|year=2024}} and includes the purchase of towing vehicles. Indian firms like [[Bharat Forge#Kalyani Strategic Systems|Kalyani Strategic Systems Ltd]], [[Larsen & Toubro]], [[Adani Enterprises#Adani Defence & Aerospace|Adani Defence & Aerospace]] and AWEIL.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2024-08-16 |title=Army issues Rs 6,500 crore tender for buying 400 howitzers under Make-in-India |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/army-issues-rs-6500-crore-tender-for-buying-400-howitzers-under-make-in-india/articleshow/112573675.cms |access-date=2024-08-17 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=31 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831114037/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/army-issues-rs-6500-crore-tender-for-buying-400-howitzers-under-make-in-india/articleshow/112573675.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-17 |title=Army issues Rs 6,500 crore tender to buy 400 Indian-made howitzer guns |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/indian-army-rs-6500-crore-tender-400-made-in-india-howitzer-artillery-guns-2583578-2024-08-17 |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=21 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821071435/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/indian-army-rs-6500-crore-tender-400-made-in-india-howitzer-artillery-guns-2583578-2024-08-17 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-21 |title=More firepower! Indian Army to acquire next-generation advanced 155mm/52 caliber artillery guns for around Rs 7,000 crore |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/indian-army-to-acquire-next-generation-advanced-155mm/52-caliber-artillery-guns-for-around-rs-7000-crore/articleshow/112677649.cms |access-date=2024-08-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828190931/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/indian-army-to-acquire-next-generation-advanced-155mm/52-caliber-artillery-guns-for-around-rs-7000-crore/articleshow/112677649.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

The trials of contenders of TGS tenders are set to commence in 2025.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-27 |title=Local 155mm ammunition, broader production vendor base: Army counters supply issues amid Russia-Ukraine war |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/155mm-ammunition-locally-buying-new-gun-systems-army-supply-chain-issues-russia-ukraine-war-9591276/ |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

The gun system are mandated to have the following specifications:<ref name=":0" />

* All up weight of less than 15 tons.
* Capable to fire all existing 155&nbsp;mm rounds in the army's inventory
* Has a range of more than 40&nbsp;km
* Has a minimum service life of more than 20 years.
* And a minimum barrel life of 1,500 equivalent full charges
'''Potential Competitors'''

<ref name=":0" />
# [[Bharat-52|KSSL Bharat 52]]
# [https://www.kssl.in/our-business-artillery KSSL MArG ER]
# [[Dhanush (howitzer)|OFB Dhanush]] - Manufactured by [[Advanced Weapons and Equipment India|AWEIL]]
# [[Advanced towed artillery gun system|DRDO ATAGS]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-22 |title=Indian Army starts process to buy more powerful and lighter artillery guns for Rs 7,000 crore |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indian-army-starts-process-to-buy-more-powerful-and-lighter-artillery-guns-for-rs-7000-crore/articleshow/112707014.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-08-24 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=24 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240824082034/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indian-army-starts-process-to-buy-more-powerful-and-lighter-artillery-guns-for-rs-7000-crore/articleshow/112707014.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Mounted guns==

=== 105 mm L/37 mounted guns ===
The Indian Army has issued a [[Request for proposal|Request for Proposal]] (RFP) through the Army will procure 200 units of [[105 mm calibre|105 mm]] [[Caliber (artillery)|L/37]] mounted howitzers.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-11-27 |title=India boosts its artillery power with 600 105mm / 155mm guns |url=https://bulgarianmilitary.com/2023/11/27/india-boosts-its-artillery-power-with-600-105mm-and-155mm-guns/ |access-date=2024-02-16 |language=en-US |archive-date=26 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226104414/https://bulgarianmilitary.com/2023/11/27/india-boosts-its-artillery-power-with-600-105mm-and-155mm-guns/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2023-11-27 |title=Indian Army to boost firepower with 200 new mounted howitzers, 400 towed gun systems |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indian-army-to-boost-firepower-with-200-new-mounted-howitzers-400-towed-gun-systems/articleshow/105539057.cms |access-date=2024-02-16 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309220541/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indian-army-to-boost-firepower-with-200-new-mounted-howitzers-400-towed-gun-systems/articleshow/105539057.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2024, the Garuda 106 V2 of KSSL was airdropped by a [[Boeing C-17 Globemaster III|C-17 Globemaster]] of the [[Indian Air Force]], hinting that the platform is under trials.<ref name="X-270324">{{cite twitter |number=1770099860189982855 |user=NewsIADN |title=Garuda 4x4 105mm Mounted Gun System of Bharat Forge airdropped by IAF 🇮🇳 C17 Globemaster in #BharatShakti. The Indian Army is interested in purchasing a mobile 105mm howitzer for air mobile forces & high altitude regions. #IADN |date=2024-03-19 |access-date=2024-06-13}}</ref>
[[File:VFJ-GCF 105 mm Truck-mounted Self-Propelled Gun System.jpg|thumb|Prototype based on [[Indian Field Gun]] mounted on [[Vehicle Factory Jabalpur|VFJ-GFC]] 6X6 Truck|159x159px]]'''Potential Competitors'''
# [[Indian Field Gun#Variants|IFG Mk2 SPH]] (6×6 truck)
# [[Bharat Forge#Kalyani Strategic Systems|KSSL]] Garuda 105 (4×4 truck)
# [https://www.kssl.in/our-business-artillery KSSL Garuda 105 V2] (4×4 [[Armoured fighting vehicle|AFV]])

=== 155 mm L/52 Mounted Gun Systems (MGS) ===
The Indian Ministry of Defence (MoD) has given Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) to procure 814 units of [[155 mm caliber|155 mm]] [[Caliber (artillery)|L/52]] calibre Mounted Guns. The guns should have a maximum range of more than 38&nbsp;km, have a maximum weight of 30 tonnes and should be able to fire all existing 155&nbsp;mm rounds in the Indian Army's inventory.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India clears acquisition of mounted gun system |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/india-clears-acquisition-of-mounted-gun-system |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Janes.com |language=en |archive-date=19 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119122409/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/india-clears-acquisition-of-mounted-gun-system |url-status=live }}</ref>

The trials of contenders of MGS tenders are set to commence in 2025.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" />

'''Potential Competitors'''[[File:OFB-BEML 155 mm Truck-mounted Self-Propelled Gun System.jpg|thumb|186x186px|[[Dhanush (howitzer)|Dhanush]] based MGS prototype on 8×8 [[BEML]] truck]]

# [[DRDO Advanced Towed Artillery Gun System|DRDO ATAGS]] ([[Advanced towed artillery gun system#Variants|MGS variant]])
# [[Dhanush (howitzer)|OFB Dhanush]] ([[Dhanush (howitzer)#Variants|MGS variant]])
# [[Tata Advanced Systems|TASL]] [https://www.tataadvancedsystems.com/mounted-gun-system155 155 mm Mounted Gun System] ([[Advanced towed artillery gun system|ATAGS]] gun on [[Tata LPTA]] 3945/3138 [[Eight-wheel drive|8×8]] chassis; vehicle range of 600km and maximum speed of 85 kmph)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-18 |title=Tata Develops 600km Range, 85km/hr Speed Truck-Mounted Artillery Gun System to Rival Kalyani's MGS |url=https://defence.in/threads/tata-develops-600km-range-85km-hr-speed-truck-mounted-artillery-gun-system-to-rival-kalyanis-mgs.10011/ |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=Defence.in |language=en-US}}</ref>
# [[CAESAR self-propelled howitzer|CAESAR]] (mounted on [[Ashok Leyland Stallion#Super Stallion|Ashok Leyland Super Stallion 6×6]] chassis; local production by [[Larsen & Toubro|L&T]])
# [[ATMOS 2000]]
# [[Archer Artillery System]]

==Self-propelled wheeled guns==
As part of the Field Artillery Rationalisation Plan, the Indian Army is inducting new [[List of wheeled self-propelled howitzers|wheeled self-propelled guns]], which are planned for acquisition between 2025 and 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Rahul |date=27 September 2022 |title=Indian Army eyes major firepower upgrade to counter China |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indian-army-eyes-major-firepower-upgrade-to-counter-china-101664280649581.html |access-date=28 August 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |archive-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023230728/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indian-army-eyes-major-firepower-upgrade-to-counter-china-101664280649581.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Philip |first=Snehesh Alex |date=27 September 2021 |title=Need a robust and reliable gun, says Army as artillery modernisation plan faces hiccups |url=https://theprint.in/defence/need-a-robust-and-reliable-gun-says-army-as-artillery-modernisation-plan-faces-hiccups/741226/ |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |archive-date=28 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128005928/https://theprint.in/defence/need-a-robust-and-reliable-gun-says-army-as-artillery-modernisation-plan-faces-hiccups/741226/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[List of wheeled self-propelled howitzers|wheeled self-propelled guns]] is included in the Indian Army's procument of 2800 to 3000 155mm.52 calibre mounted guns and howitzers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-25 |title=New artillery thrust |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/new-artillery-thrust/article9921802.ece |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=Frontline |language=en |archive-date=21 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721142222/https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/new-artillery-thrust/article9921802.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Self-propelled tracked guns==
{{Main|K9 Thunder#India}}

[[File:Indian K9 SPH at Ladakh during Indo-China Clashes .jpg|thumb|Indian K9 SPH in Ladakh]]
In September 2015, the Indian [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defense]] (MoD) selected Hanwha Techwin and Larsen & Toubro as preferred bidder to supply 100 '''K9 Vajra-T''' to the [[Indian Army]] after K9 outperformed [[2S19 Msta-S]] and passed two-year trial.<ref>{{cite web |title=India's Newest Gun: Fast and Deadly |url=https://thediplomat.com/2015/10/indias-newest-gun-fast-and-deadly/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011181059/https://thediplomat.com/2015/10/indias-newest-gun-fast-and-deadly/ |archive-date=2015-10-11 |access-date=2015-10-09 |website=The Diplomat}}</ref> On 6 July 2016, India agreed in purchasing 100 K9 Vajra-T for $750 million.<ref>{{cite news |date=2016-07-06 |title=한국산 K-9 자주포 100문 인도 수출.. 가격협상 마쳐 |url=https://www.konas.net/article/article.asp?idx=46180 |publisher=Konas Net |access-date=16 February 2024 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405150131/https://www.konas.net/article/article.asp?idx=46180 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 29 March 2017, The [[Government of India]] approved budget of $646 million for purchasing 100 K9 Vajra-T.<ref>{{cite news |date=2017-04-02 |title=국산 K-9 자주포 인도 수출...양국 국방협력 강화 |url=https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20170402047700014?input=1195m |publisher=Yonhap |access-date=16 February 2024 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405150120/https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20170402047700014?input=1195m |url-status=live }}</ref> A formal contract of $310 million was signed between Hanwha Techwin and Larsen & Toubro in [[New Delhi]] on 21 April. Hanwha Techwin will supply first 10 K9 Vajra-T, and 90 will be license produced in India by Larsen & Toubro.<ref>{{cite news |date=2017-04-21 |title=K-9 자주포 100문 인도 수출 확정...3500억 규모 |url=https://newsis.com/view/?id=NISX20170421_0014846773&cID=10301&pID=10300 |publisher=Newsis |access-date=16 February 2024 |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130100538/https://newsis.com/view/?id=NISX20170421_0014846773&cID=10301&pID=10300 |url-status=live }}</ref>

K9 Vajra-T consist 14 major Indian manufactured systems, 50% of component by value, which include Nub ammunition capable [[Fire-control system|FCS]] and its storage, communication system, and environment control and [[CBRN defense|NBC]] protection system. Additional systems were installed such as GPS (Gunner's Primary Sight) for direct firing capability, and South African [[Auxiliary power unit|APU]], which was proven for desert operation—Korean APU was under development phase during Indian trial. The vehicle's overall design was modified to suitable for operation in desert and high temperature condition, including the change of firing rate to 3 rounds in 30 seconds.<ref name="Defense Today K9">{{cite web |date=7 May 2020 |title=K9 자주포 & 해외수출 Q&A |url=http://www.defensetoday.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=885 |publisher=Defense Today |access-date=16 February 2024 |archive-date=25 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225053533/http://www.defensetoday.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=885 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Defense Today K9 India">{{cite web |date=28 August 2020 |title=K9 자주포 인도수출 Q&A |url=http://www.defensetoday.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=1694 |access-date=16 February 2024 |archive-date=29 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829091000/http://www.defensetoday.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=1694 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Global |first=IndraStra |title=Indian Army Inducts Two New Artillery Systems |url=https://www.indrastra.com/2018/11/Indian-Army-s-New-Artillery-Systems-004-11-2018-0021.html |url-status=live |journal=IndraStra |issn=2381-3652 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118164856/https://www.indrastra.com/2018/11/Indian-Army-s-New-Artillery-Systems-004-11-2018-0021.html |archive-date=2018-11-18 |access-date=2018-11-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=2017-04-23 |title=K9 '바지라' 인도 수출 |url=https://kookbang.dema.mil.kr/newsWeb/20170424/72/BBSMSTR_000000010026/view.do |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128225640/https://kookbang.dema.mil.kr/newsWeb/20170424/72/BBSMSTR_000000010026/view.do |archive-date=28 January 2023 |access-date=30 August 2021 |publisher=Republic of Korea Defense Media Agency}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2020-01-16 |title=Indian army gets more firepower! Rajnath Singh flags off 51st K9 Vajra-T Gun |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/indian-army-gets-more-firepower-rajnath-singh-flags-off-51st-k9-vajra-t-gun/1825430/ |access-date=2020-01-20 |website=The Financial Express |language=en-US |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128225645/https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/indian-army-gets-more-firepower-rajnath-singh-flags-off-51st-k9-vajra-t-gun/1825430/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Indian Army completed high altitude trials at [[Ladakh]] under cold climatic conditions.<ref>{{cite web |last=Philip |first=Snehesh Alex |date=2021-08-09 |title=Trials in Ladakh a success, Army looks at ordering 40 more K9 Vajra-T howitzers for mountains |url=https://theprint.in/defence/trials-in-ladakh-a-success-army-looks-at-ordering-40-more-k9-vajra-howitzers-for-mountains/711436/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |archive-date=9 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709150735/https://theprint.in/defence/trials-in-ladakh-a-success-army-looks-at-ordering-40-more-k9-vajra-howitzers-for-mountains/711436/ |url-status=live }}</ref>  After satisfactory performance at high altitude terrain, the MoD is getting ready to place repeat order of 200 K9 Vajra-T worth [[Indian rupee|₹]]9,600 [[crore]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Unnithan |first=Sandeep |date=23 January 2022 |title=What's behind a massive order for Made-in-India howitzers |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/what-s-behind-a-massive-order-for-made-in-india-howitzers-1903375-2022-01-23 |access-date=2022-01-23 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=31 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831113915/https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/what-s-behind-a-massive-order-for-made-in-india-howitzers-1903375-2022-01-23 |url-status=live }}</ref> The new batch will equip enhanced engine suited for high altitude operation, and is expected to complete delivery by 2028.<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-01-24 |title=인도, 한화디펜스의 K9 바지라 자주포 200문 추가 주문 |url=https://www.g-enews.com/article/Global-Biz/2022/01/2022012411093525382bb03d9507_1 |access-date=2022-02-20 |website=글로벌이코노믹 |language=ko |archive-date=6 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406032026/https://www.g-enews.com/article/Global-Biz/2022/01/2022012411093525382bb03d9507_1 |url-status=live }}</ref> The proposal for first 100 units was cleared on 27 September 2022.<ref name="India Batch 2">{{Cite news |last=Philip |first=Snehesh Alex |date=27 September 2022 |title=China threat in mind, Army to order another 100 K9 Vajra howitzers from L&T, more to follow |url=https://theprint.in/defence/china-threat-in-mind-army-to-order-another-100-k9-vajra-howitzers-from-lt-more-to-follow/1144787/ |access-date=27 September 2022 |work=ThePrint |archive-date=27 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927101337/https://theprint.in/defence/china-threat-in-mind-army-to-order-another-100-k9-vajra-howitzers-from-lt-more-to-follow/1144787/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In February 2023, Hanwha received an order for 100 vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Army orders 100 additional K9 howitzers |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indian-army-orders-100-additional-k9-howitzers |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=Janes.com |language=en |archive-date=3 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403203952/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indian-army-orders-100-additional-k9-howitzers |url-status=live }}</ref> Additional order for 100 units are planned. In May 2024, a report suggested, another 100 units of the gun would be cleared after the formation of a new government after the [[2024 Indian general election]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dubey |first=Ajit |date=2024-05-29 |title=Major Make in India defence deals including K-9 Vajra, fighter jet engines on Centre's agenda |url=https://aninews.in/news/national/general-news/major-make-in-india-defence-deals-including-k-9-vajra-fighter-jet-engines-on-centres-agenda20240529164930/ |website=ANI News |access-date=31 August 2024 |archive-date=9 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609081626/https://aninews.in/news/national/general-news/major-make-in-india-defence-deals-including-k-9-vajra-fighter-jet-engines-on-centres-agenda20240529164930/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Triffaux |title=Indian Army to Receive Additional 100 South Korean K9 Vajra Self-Propelled Howitzers |url=https://armyrecognition.com/news/army-news/army-news-2024/indian-army-to-receive-additional-100-south-korean-k9-vajra-self-propelled-howitzers |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=armyrecognition.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=29 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829102517/https://armyrecognition.com/news/army-news/army-news-2024/indian-army-to-receive-additional-100-south-korean-k9-vajra-self-propelled-howitzers |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Cabinet Committee on Security]] cleared the purchase of 100 units on 12 December 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CCS clears Rs 20,000 crore Make in India projects for Su-30 fighter jets, 100 K-9 howitzers - The Economic Times |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/defence/ccs-clears-rs-20000-crore-make-in-india-projects-for-su-30-fighter-jets-100-k-9-howitzers/amp_articleshow/116259513.cms |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=m.economictimes.com}}</ref>

== Ultra-light Howitzers ==
{{main|M777 howitzer}}
After three years of searching and negotiations, India ordered [[M777 howitzer|M777]] [[155 mm caliber|155&nbsp;mm]] [[Caliber (artillery)|L/39]] ultra-light howitzer from USA in September 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dunnigan|first=James|title=India Joins The M-777 Club|url=http://www.strategypage.com/dls/articles/India-Joins-The-M-777-Club-9-8-2013.asp|access-date=2 October 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005012940/http://www.strategypage.com/dls/articles/India-Joins-The-M-777-Club-9-8-2013.asp|archive-date=5 October 2013}}</ref>

The [[Indian Army]] first announced plans to acquire 145 guns for {{INRConvert|30|b|0}},<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/US-okays-howitzers-worth-647-million-for-India/articleshow/5506969.cms |work=The Times of India |first1=Chidanand |last1=Rajghatta |title=US okays howitzers worth $647 million for India |date=28 January 2010 |access-date=30 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130193304/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/US-okays-howitzers-worth-647-million-for-India/articleshow/5506969.cms |archive-date=30 January 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> but purchase plans were overtaken when the procurement process was restarted in July 2010. India's [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] cleared the proposal for buying 145 guns for US$660 million on 11 May 2012 through the US Government's Foreign Military Sales (FMS) process.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globaldefence.net/defence-news/21762-india-orders-145-m777-ultra-light-howitzers-from-bae-systems.html|title=India Orders 145 M777 Ultra Light Howitzers From BAE Systems|author=HP|access-date=4 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105020731/http://www.globaldefence.net/defence-news/21762-india-orders-145-m777-ultra-light-howitzers-from-bae-systems.html|archive-date=5 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> This was put up before the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]] for clearance and will subsequently be taken up by the [[Cabinet Committee on Security]] for final approval.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/india-clears-660-million-deal-for-artillery-guns/articleshow/13095688.cms|work=The Economic Times|title=India clears $660 million deal for artillery guns |date=11 May 2012}}</ref><ref>
{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_india-to-buy-m777-howitzers-from-us_1687512 |work=DNA |title=Defence Ministry clears M777 howitzers procurement projects |date=11 May 2012 |access-date=12 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513214402/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_india-to-buy-m777-howitzers-from-us_1687512 |archive-date=13 May 2012 |url-status=live }}
</ref> On 2 August 2013, India requested the sale of 145 M777 howitzers for US$885 million.<ref>[http://www.deagel.com/news/FMS-India-Requests-Sale-of-145-M777-155mm-Light-Weight-Towed-Howitzers_n000011794.aspx FMS: India Requests Sale of 145 M777 155mm Light-Weight Towed Howitzers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814001154/http://www.deagel.com/news/FMS-India-Requests-Sale-of-145-M777-155mm-Light-Weight-Towed-Howitzers_n000011794.aspx |date=14 August 2013 }} - Deagel.com, 7 August 2013</ref> On 24 February 2014 the purchase was again postponed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defensenews.com/article/20140224/DEFREG03/302240025 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140224210228/http://www.defensenews.com/article/20140224/DEFREG03/302240025 |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 24, 2014 |title=India Postpones Purchase of 145 Ultra Light Howitzers |last1=Raghuvanshi |first1=Vivek |date=24 February 2014 |website=defensenews.com |publisher=Gannett Government Media |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> On 11 May 2014 the purchase was cleared by India's Ministry of Defence.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/india-buys-new-artillery-guns-27-years-after-bofors-209582 |title=India buys new artillery guns, 27 years after Bofors |date=11 May 2014 |access-date=26 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017144906/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/india-buys-new-artillery-guns-27-years-after-bofors-209582 |archive-date=17 October 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 11 July 2014, the Government of India announced that it would not order the guns because of cost issues.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/article/40766/indian-mod-says-m777-buy-in-doubt-over-high-cost-offset-requirements |title=Indian MoD says M777 buy in doubt over high cost, offset requirements |date=13 July 2014 |access-date=12 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015225942/http://www.janes.com/article/40766/indian-mod-says-m777-buy-in-doubt-over-high-cost-offset-requirements |archive-date=15 October 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 22 November 2014, the selection process was restarted under the "[[Make In India]]" program.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Three-decades-on-defence-minister-clears-Rs-15750-crore-howitzer-projects/articleshow/45245771.cms |title=Three decades on, defence minister clears Rs 15,750 crore howitzer projects |last1=Pandit |first1=Rajat |date=23 November 2014 |work=The Times of India|publisher=TNN |access-date=22 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126090010/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Three-decades-on-defence-minister-clears-Rs-15750-crore-howitzer-projects/articleshow/45245771.cms |archive-date=26 November 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 13 May 2015, the Ministry of Defence approved ₹29 billion (₹2,900 crore) to buy 145 M777 ultralight howitzers from the US.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://defencenews.in/defence-news-internal.aspx?id=ly/B44LoBP4= |title=New Aircraft Carrier, Brahmos Missiles, C-295 Planes & M-777 Howitzers all cleared for Purchase |last1=Govindan |first1=Adarsh |date=14 May 2015 |website=defencenews.in |publisher=TNN |access-date=13 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519033229/http://www.defencenews.in/defence-news-internal.aspx?id=ly%2FB44LoBP4%3D |archive-date=19 May 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 15 December 2015, the Indian Ministry of Defence said it was keen on placing a follow-up order of 500 more M777 guns.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/ministry-keen-to-purchase-500-more-howitzer-guns-from-bae-systems/article7987937.ece|title=Ministry keen to purchase 500 more Howitzer guns from BAE Systems|first=Nayanima|last=Basu|date=14 December 2015|website=The Hindu Businessline|access-date=30 May 2017|archive-date=31 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831113916/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/ministry-keen-to-purchase-500-more-howitzer-guns-from-bae-systems/article7987937.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 26 June 2016, it was announced that 145 guns will be purchased by India for US$750 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-clears-purchase-of-145-ultra-light-howitzer-guns-from-us/1/700866.html|title=India clears purchase of 145 ultra-light Howitzer guns from US|work=India Today|access-date=30 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511044221/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-clears-purchase-of-145-ultra-light-howitzer-guns-from-us/1/700866.html|archive-date=11 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The Indian government completed the deal on 30 November 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ssbinterviewtips.in/m777-howitzer-deal-inked-by-the-indian-government/637 |title=M777 howitzer deal inked by the Indian government |date=30 November 2016 |access-date=30 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201021609/http://www.ssbinterviewtips.in/m777-howitzer-deal-inked-by-the-indian-government/637 |archive-date=1 December 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> <!--The deal was completed in December 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lal|first1=Neeta|title=India Gets its Guns – 30 years late|url=http://www.asiasentinel.com/econ-business/india-guns-30-years-late/|access-date=21 December 2016|work=Asia Sentinel|date=19 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220220256/http://www.asiasentinel.com/econ-business/india-guns-30-years-late/|archive-date=20 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>--> Under the agreement, BAE Systems was to supply 25 ready-built howitzers, while 120 guns were to be manufactured in India by Mahindra Defence Systems Limited.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Army's M777 regiment to get 3 made-in-India guns |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/m777-regiment-to-get-3-made-in-india-guns/story-xhNr4drnZCckqN3qErlfyK.html |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=13 November 2019 |language=en |date=13 November 2019 |archive-date=13 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113013715/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/m777-regiment-to-get-3-made-in-india-guns/story-xhNr4drnZCckqN3qErlfyK.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A total of 7 artillery regiments are planned, each of 18 guns. The first regiment was planned to be raised by end-2020 with 15 guns supplied by BAE systems and three guns supplied by Mahindra Defense Systems Limited.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/m777-regiment-to-get-3-made-in-india-guns/story-xhNr4drnZCckqN3qErlfyK.html|title=Indian Army's M777 regiment to get 3 made-in-India guns - The Economic Times|website=Economic Times|access-date=2019-11-13|date=13 November 2019|archive-date=7 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607052532/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/m777-regiment-to-get-3-made-in-india-guns/story-xhNr4drnZCckqN3qErlfyK.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Indian Army received its first shipment comprising two howitzers on 18 May 2017 in New Delhi from United States in ready to use condition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/army-gets-its-first-artillery-guns-three-decades-after-bofors-will-be-tested-at-pokhran-4661306/|title=Army gets its first artillery guns three decades after Bofors, will be tested at Pokhran today|date=18 May 2017|work=indianexpress|access-date=30 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602130427/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/army-gets-its-first-artillery-guns-three-decades-after-bofors-will-be-tested-at-pokhran-4661306/|archive-date=2 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/army-gets-two-us-made-m777-ultra-light-howitzers/article18482205.ece|title=Two M777 Ultra-Light Howitzers arrive from U.S.|first=Dinakar|last=Peri|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=30 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518103659/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/army-gets-two-us-made-m777-ultra-light-howitzers/article18482205.ece|archive-date=18 May 2017|url-status=live|date=18 May 2017}}</ref> It was reported that on 2 September 2017, the barrel of one of the howitzers was damaged while firing during calibration trials.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/army-s-new-us-made-m777-howitzer-in-trouble-barrel-explodes-at-pokhran-range/story-FBr9a2voeSWrumBhZisFcO.html |title=Army's new US-made M777 howitzer in trouble, barrel explodes at Pokhran range |access-date=12 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912164656/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/army-s-new-us-made-m777-howitzer-in-trouble-barrel-explodes-at-pokhran-range/story-FBr9a2voeSWrumBhZisFcO.html |archive-date=12 September 2017 |url-status=live |date=12 September 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/sep/12/barrel-of-us-manufactured-howitzer-gun-explodes-during-indian-armys-calibration-trial-1656186.html |title=Barrel of US-manufactured Howitzer gun explodes during Indian army's calibration trial |access-date=12 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912174258/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/sep/12/barrel-of-us-manufactured-howitzer-gun-explodes-during-indian-armys-calibration-trial-1656186.html |archive-date=12 September 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> The procurement of 145 guns was completed by 2023.<ref name="Variant">{{cite web |url=https://theprint.in/defence/new-barrel-extended-range-india-us-explore-joint-development-of-m777-howitzer-variant/1378821/ |title=New barrel, extended range - India & US explore joint development of M777 howitzer variant |author=Snehesh Alex Philip |date=20 February 2023 |website= |publisher= |access-date=4 June 2023  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327054032/https://theprint.in/defence/new-barrel-extended-range-india-us-explore-joint-development-of-m777-howitzer-variant/1378821/ |archive-date=27 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The Indian army used the M777 howitzer in the Himvijay exercise (2021) in Arunachal Pradesh which involved the newly raised integrated battle groups.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-plans-to-deploy-m777s-near-lac-in-arunachal-pradesh/articleshow/71472459.cms|title=India China: India to deploy latest American weapon systems for Ex-HimVijay along China border - The Economic Times|website=Economic Times|author=S.K. Gurung|date=7 October 2019|access-date=7 June 2021|archive-date=31 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831113928/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-plans-to-deploy-m777s-near-lac-in-arunachal-pradesh/articleshow/71472459.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

In July 2020, in the wake of escalating tension with China in light of hostile Chinese posturing, particularly on the border between the Union Territory of Ladakh and Tibet, further purchases of Excalibur shells were announced by the Indian Ministry of Defence.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://asiatimes.com/2020/07/border-clashes-prompt-india-to-fast-track-weapons-buys/|title = Border clashes prompt India to fast-track weapons buys|date = 7 July 2020|access-date = 7 June 2021|archive-date = 7 June 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210607052532/https://asiatimes.com/2020/07/border-clashes-prompt-india-to-fast-track-weapons-buys/|url-status = live}}</ref> Discussions began in 2023 between India and the United States to develop an extended range of the M777 howitzer called as the M777 (ER), with India planning to upgrade all its M777 guns to this standard.<ref name="Variant"/>
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==Multi-barrel rocket systems==

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==Missiles==

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== See also ==

* {{Annotated link|List of equipment of the Indian Army}}
* {{Annotated link|Regiment of Artillery (India)}}

==References==
<references/>

{{Military of India}}

[[Category:Military of India]]
[[Category:Artillery of India]]

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