View source for Mount Fuji

{{Short description|Volcano in Yamanashi and Shizuoka Prefectures, Japan}}
{{Redirect|Fujiyama|other uses|Fujiyama (disambiguation)}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Mount Fuji
| photo = View of Mount Fuji from Ōwakudani 20211202.jpg
| photo_size = 
| photo_caption = Mount Fuji seen from [[Ōwakudani]] (2021)
| map = Japan#Japan Shizuoka Prefecture
| map_caption = Location of Mount Fuji in Japan
| location = [[Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park]]
| country = [[Japan]]
| subdivision1 = {{hlist|[[Shizuoka Prefecture|Shizuoka]]|[[Yamanashi Prefecture|Yamanashi]]}}
| subdivision1_type = [[Prefectures of Japan|Prefectures]]
| settlement = {{hlist|[[Fuji, Shizuoka|Fuji]]|[[Fujinomiya, Shizuoka|Fujinomiya]]|[[Fujiyoshida]]|[[Gotemba, Shizuoka|Gotemba]]|[[Narusawa, Yamanashi|Narusawa]]|[[Oyama, Shizuoka|Oyama]]}}
| settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Japan|Municipalities]]
| label_position = 
| coordinates = {{Coord|35|21|39|N|138|43|39|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|display=inline,title}}
| prominence_m = 3776
| prominence_ref = <ref name=Fujiinfo /><br>[[List of peaks by prominence|Ranked 35th]]
| listing = {{plainlist|
*[[List of countries by highest point|Highest peak in Japan]]
*[[Ultra-prominent peak]]s
*[[List of mountains and hills of Japan by height|List of mountains in Japan]]
*[[100 Famous Japanese Mountains]]
*[[List of volcanoes by elevation]]}}
| native_name = {{native name|ja|富士山}}
| pronunciation = {{IPA|ja|ɸɯꜜ(d)ʑisaɴ|}}
| topo_map = [[Geospatial Information Authority]] 25000:1 {{lang|ja|富士山}}<ref name="watch tizu" /><br>50000:1 {{lang|ja|富士山}}
| coordinates_ref = <ref name="gsi list">{{cite web|url=https://maps.gsi.go.jp/3d/mountain/mountain.html|script-title=ja:日本の主な山岳|title=Nihon no omona sangaku|trans-title=Japan's main mountains|language=ja|publisher=[[Geospatial Information Authority of Japan]]|access-date=November 17, 2023}}</ref>
| mountain_type = [[Stratovolcano]]
| age = 100,000 years
| last_eruption = [[Hōei eruption|1707–08]]
| first_ascent = 663 by [[En no Gyōja|En no Odzunu]] (役行者, En no gyoja, En no Odzuno)
| easiest_route = [[Hiking]]
| embedded = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
 |child = yes
 |Official_name = Fujisan, sacred place and source of artistic inspiration
 |ID = 1418
 |Year = 2013
 |Criteria = Cultural: iii, vi
 |Area = 20,702.1 ha
 |Buffer_zone = 49,627.7 ha
 }}
| map_size = 280
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| pic = Mt Fuji (Chinese characters).svg
| piccap = "Mt. Fuji" in ''[[kanji]]''
| picupright = 0.55
| kanji = 富士山
| hiragana = ふじさん
| revhep = Fujisan
| kunrei = Huzisan
}}

{{Nihongo|'''Mount Fuji'''|富士山|Fujisan|extra={{IPA|ja|ɸɯꜜ(d)ʑisaɴ|lang|Ja-Fuji-san.oga}}}} is an active [[stratovolcano]] located on the [[Japan]]ese island of [[Honshu]], with a summit elevation of {{cvt|3,776.24|m|ftin|frac=2}}. It is the highest mountain in Japan, the second-highest [[volcano]] located on an island in Asia (after [[Mount Kerinci]] on the [[Indonesia]]n island of [[Sumatra]]), and [[List of islands by highest point|seventh-highest peak of an island]] on Earth.<ref name=Fujiinfo /> Mount Fuji [[Hōei eruption|last erupted from 1707 to 1708]].<ref name=GSJ_active /><ref name=Britannica /> The mountain is located about {{cvt|100|km|mi}} southwest of [[Tokyo]] and is visible from the Japanese capital on clear days. Mount Fuji's exceptionally symmetrical cone, which is [[snow field|covered in snow]] for about five months of the year, is commonly used as a [[cultural icon]] of Japan and is frequently depicted in art and photography, as well as visited by sightseers, hikers and mountain climbers.<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book |title=Natural Wonders of the World |url=https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche |url-access=registration |publisher=Reader's Digest Association |year=1980 |isbn=0-89577-087-3 |editor-last=Scheffel |editor-first=Richard L. |location=United States |page=[https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche/page/153 153] |editor-last2=Wernet |editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref>

Mount Fuji is one of Japan's {{Nihongo|"[[Three Holy Mountains]]"|三霊山|Sanreizan}} along with [[Mount Tate]] and [[Mount Haku]]. It is a [[List of Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites and Special Natural Monuments|Special Place of Scenic Beauty]] and one of Japan's [[Monuments of Japan|Historic Sites]].<ref name="channelnewsasia.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/japan-s-mt-fuji-granted/720700.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627003540/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/japan-s-mt-fuji-granted/720700.html|archive-date=June 27, 2013|url-status=dead|title=Japan's Mt. Fuji granted World Heritage status|date=June 22, 2013|publisher=[[CNA (TV network)|CNA]]}}</ref> It was added to the [[List of World Heritage Sites in Japan|World Heritage List]] as a Cultural Site on June 22, 2013.<ref name="channelnewsasia.com" /> According to [[UNESCO]], Mount Fuji has "inspired artists and poets and been the object of pilgrimage for centuries". UNESCO recognizes 25 sites of cultural interest within the Mount Fuji locality. These 25 locations include the mountain and the Shinto shrine, [[Fujisan Hongū Sengen Taisha]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Fujisan, sacred place and source of artistic inspiration |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1418/ |access-date=2022-02-11 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017180110/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1418/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Etymology ==
{{Further|wikt:富士#Etymology 3}}
The current ''[[kanji]]'' for Mount Fuji, {{lang|ja|富}} and {{lang|ja|士}}, mean "wealth" or "abundant" and "man of status" respectively. However, the origins of this spelling and of the name ''Fuji'' continue to be debated.

A text of the 9th century, ''[[The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter|Tale of the Bamboo Cutter]]'', says that the name came from {{Nihongo|"immortal"|不死|fushi, fuji}} and also from the image of {{Nihongo|abundant|富|fu}} {{Nihongo|soldiers|士|shi, ji}}{{refn|group=note|Although the word [[Radical 33|士]] [[wikt:士#Japanese|can mean]] a {{Nihongo|soldier|兵士|heishi, heiji}}, or a {{Nihongo|samurai|武士|bushi}}, its original meaning is ''a man with a certain status''.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}}} ascending the slopes of the mountain.<ref>{{cite book|script-title=ja:竹取物語 かぐや姫のおひたち|title=Taketorimonogatari kaguyahime no o hi-tachi|trans-title=The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter: Kaguyahime's Ohitachi|publisher=Iwanami shoten|date=1929|url=https://jti.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/taketori/AnoTake.html|location=Tokyo|via=Japanese Text Initiative}}{{wikibooks inline|ja:竹取物語 かぐや姫のおひたち}}</ref> An early [[folk etymology]] claims that ''Fuji'' came from {{lang|ja|不二}} (''not'' + ''two''), meaning ''without equal'' or ''nonpareil''. Another claims that it came from {{lang|ja|不盡}} (''not'' + ''to exhaust''), meaning ''never-ending''.

[[Hirata Atsutane]], a Japanese classical scholar in the [[Edo period]], speculated that the name is from a word meaning "a mountain standing up shapely as an {{Nihongo|ear|穗|ho}} of a rice plant". British missionary [[John Batchelor (missionary)|John Batchelor]] (1855–1944) argued that the name is from the [[Ainu language|Ainu]] word for "fire" (''fuchi'') of the fire deity [[Kamuy-huci|Kamui Fuchi]], which was denied by a Japanese linguist [[Kyōsuke Kindaichi]] on the grounds of phonetic development ([[sound change]]). It is also pointed out that ''huchi'' means an "old woman" and ''ape'' is the word for "fire", ''ape huchi kamuy'' being the fire deity. Research on the distribution of place names that include ''fuji'' as a part also suggest the origin of the word ''fuji'' is in the [[Yamato people|Yamato]] language rather than Ainu. Japanese [[Toponymy|toponymist]] Kanji Kagami argued that the name has the same root as {{Nihongo|[[wisteria]]|藤|fuji}} and {{Nihongo|rainbow|虹|niji|but with an alternative reading, ''fuji''}}, and came from its "long well-shaped slope".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.city.fujinomiya.shizuoka.jp/e-museum/fujiyama/furufuji4.htm |script-title=ja:富士山の名前の由来|title=Fujisan no namaenoyurai|trans-title=Origin of the name Mt. Fuji|language=ja|date=May 31, 2008 |access-date=December 23, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531001107/http://www.city.fujinomiya.shizuoka.jp/e-museum/fujiyama/furufuji4.htm |archive-date=May 31, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://tisen.jp/tisenwiki/index.php?%C9%D9%BB%CE%BB%B3 |script-title=ja:富士山|title=Fujisan|trans-title=Mt. Fuji|language=ja|website=Chisen Wiki|date=October 25, 2006 |access-date=December 23, 2010 |archive-date=December 18, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091218185331/http://tisen.jp/tisenwiki/index.php?%C9%D9%BB%CE%BB%B3 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www5f.biglobe.ne.jp/~genn/sub5.html |script-title=ja:地名・富士山の意味|title=Chimei Fujisan no imi|trans-title=Meaning of place name Mt. Fuji|language=ja|date=June 3, 2008 |access-date=December 23, 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080603055732/http://www5f.biglobe.ne.jp/~genn/sub5.html |archive-date=June 3, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~hi5k-stu/aynu/huji.htm |script-title=ja:富士山アイヌ語語源説について|title=Fujisan ainukotoba gogen-setsu ni tsuite|trans-title=About the etymology of the Ainu language of Mt. Fuji|language=ja|publisher=Asahi-net.or.jp |access-date=December 23, 2010 |archive-date=July 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722120652/http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~hi5k-stu/aynu/huji.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Aerial panorama of Mount Fuji from Lake Saiko. June 2023.jpg|thumb|Aerial panorama of Mount Fuji from Lake Saiko, June 2023]]
[[File:Aerial panorama of Mount Fuji with Saiko Iyashi-no-Sato Nenba in the foreground. June 2023.jpg|thumb|Aerial panorama of Mount Fuji with Saiko Iyashi-no-Sato Nenba in the foreground, June 2023]]
Modern linguist [[Alexander Vovin]] proposes an alternative hypothesis based on Old Japanese reading {{IPA|*/puⁿzi/}}: the word may have been borrowed from [[Eastern Old Japanese]] {{IPA|*/pu nusi/}} 火主, meaning "fire master".<ref>{{cite book |chapter=On the Etymology of the Name of Mt. Fuji |title=Studies in Japanese and Korean Historical and Theoretical Linguistics and Beyond|last=Vovin|first=Alexander|author-link=Alexander Vovin|editor-last1=Vovin|editor-first1=Alexander|editor-last2=McClure|editor-first2=William|doi=10.1163/9789004351134_010 |chapter-url=https://brill.com/view/book/9789004351134/B9789004351134_010.xml |series=Languages of Asia |volume=16 |date=2017-01-01 |publisher=Brill |pages=80–89 |isbn=9789004351134 |access-date=November 15, 2023}}</ref>

=== Variations ===
In English, the mountain is known as Mount Fuji. Some sources refer to it as "Fuji-san", "Fujiyama" or, redundantly, "Mt. Fujiyama". Japanese speakers refer to the mountain as "Fuji-san". This "san" is not the [[-san|honorific suffix]] used with people's names, such as Watanabe-san, but the [[On reading|Sino-Japanese reading]] of the character {{nihongo||山|yama|"mountain"}} used in [[Sino-Japanese vocabulary|Sino-Japanese]] compounds. In [[Nihon-shiki romanization|Nihon-shiki]] and [[Kunrei-shiki romanization]], the name is transliterated as ''Huzi''.

Other Japanese names which have become obsolete or poetic include {{nihongo||ふじの山|Fuji-no-Yama|"the Mountain of Fuji"}}, {{nihongo||ふじの高嶺|Fuji-no-Takane|"the High Peak of Fuji"}}, {{nihongo||芙蓉峰|Fuyō-hō|"the Lotus Peak"}}, and {{nihongo||富岳／富嶽|Fugaku}}, created by combining the first character of {{lang|ja|富士}}, ''Fuji'', and {{lang|ja|岳}}, ''mountain''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dic.yahoo.co.jp/dsearch?p=%E3%83%95%E3%82%B8%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3&enc=UTF-8&stype=0&dtype=0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722101305/http://dic.yahoo.co.jp/dsearch?p=%E3%83%95%E3%82%B8%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3&enc=UTF-8&stype=0&dtype=0 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-07-22 |title=Fuji-san |publisher=Daijisen |language=ja}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:「富嶽三十六景 凱風快晴」-South Wind, Clear Sky (Gaifū kaisei), also known as Red Fuji, from the series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (Fugaku sanjūrokkei) MET DP141062.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Fine Wind, Clear Morning]]'' woodblock print by [[Hokusai]], 19th century]]
[[File:Mount Fuji from Omiya by Kusakabe Kimbei c1890.png|thumb|Mount Fuji from Omiya (now part of [[Fujinomiya, Shizuoka|Fujinomiya]]), {{Circa|1890}}]]
Mount Fuji is an attractive [[volcanic cone]] and has been a frequent subject of [[Japanese art]] especially after 1600, when [[Edo (Tokyo)|Edo]] (now Tokyo) became the capital and people saw the mountain while traveling on the [[Tōkaidō (road)|Tōkaidō]] road. According to the historian [[H. Byron Earhart]], "in medieval times it eventually came to be seen by Japanese as the "number one" mountain of the known world of the three countries of India, China, and Japan".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Earhart|first=H. Byron|author-link=H. Byron Earhart|title=Mount Fuji: Shield of War, Badge of Peace |url=https://apjjf.org/2011/9/20/H.-Byron-Earhart/3528/article.html |date=May 9, 2011 |website=The Asia-Pacific Journal |access-date=November 20, 2020 |archive-date=August 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809182025/https://apjjf.org/2011/9/20/H.-Byron-Earhart/3528/article.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The mountain is mentioned in Japanese literature throughout the ages and is the subject of many poems.<ref>{{Cite tech report|script-title=ja:富士山吉田口登山道関連遺跡|title=Fujisan Yoshidaguchi tozan-dō kanren iseki|trans-title=Mt. Fuji Yoshidaguchi trail related ruins|lang=ja|last=Fuse|first=Mitsutoshi|doi=10.24484/sitereports.6470|date=2003|series=Fujiyoshida City Cultural Properties Investigation Report|publisher=Fujiyoshida City Board of Education|volume=4|doi-access=free}}</ref>

The summit has been thought of as sacred since ancient times and was therefore forbidden to women. It was not until 1872 that the Japanese government issued an edict (May 4, 1872, Grand Council of State Edict 98) stating, "Any remaining practices of female exclusion on shrine and temple lands shall be immediately abolished, and mountain climbing for the purpose of worship, etc., shall be permitted."<ref>{{cite journal |title=Envisioning and Observing Women's Exclusion from Sacred Mountains in Japan |last=DeWitt|first=Lindsey E.|journal=Journal of Asian Humanities at Kyushu University |pages=19–28 |date=March 2016|volume=1 |doi=10.5109/1654566 |doi-access=free |s2cid=55419374|s2cid-access=free|hdl=1854/LU-8636481 |hdl-access=free  |issn=2433-4855 }}</ref> Tatsu Takayama, a Japanese woman, became the first woman on record to summit Mount Fuji in the fall of 1832.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2022/07/04/lifestyle/japan-female-mountaineers/|title=Climb every mountain: Japan's female mountaineers scale new heights|last=Budgen|first=Mara|date=July 4, 2022|work=[[The Japan Times]]|access-date=July 7, 2022|url-access=limited|archive-date=July 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705060624/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2022/07/04/lifestyle/japan-female-mountaineers/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|script-chapter=ja:高山たつ(たかやま・たつ)とは？ 意味や使い方|chapter=Takayama Tatsu (takaya ma tatsu) to wa? Imi ya tsukaikata|trans-chapter=Who is Tatsu Takayama? Meaning and usage|language=ja|script-title=ja:朝日日本歴史人物事典|title=Asahi Nihon rekishi jinbutsu jiten|trans-title=Asahi Dictionary of Japanese Historical Figures|isbn=9784023400528|year=1994|publisher=[[The Asahi Shimbun Company]]|via=[[Kotobank]]|access-date=November 19, 2023|chapter-url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%B1%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A4-1088047}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url={{GBurl|i74TAQAAMAAJ|q=Tatsu}}|title=Intersect|volume=9–10|page=39|publisher=PHP Institute|year=1993}}</ref>

Ancient samurai used the base of the mountain as a remote training area, near the present-day town of [[Gotemba, Shizuoka|Gotemba]]. The ''[[shōgun]]'' [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]] held ''[[yabusame]]'' archery contests in the area in the early [[Kamakura period]].

The first ascent by a foreigner was by Sir [[Rutherford Alcock]] in September 1860, who ascended the mountain in 8 hours and descended in 3 hours.<ref name = alcock>{{cite book |author-link=Rutherford Alcock |first=Rutherford |last=Alcock |year=1863 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=79QMAAAAIAAJ&q=alcock+Tycoon |title=The Capital of the Tycoon: A Narrative of Three Years Residence in Japan |volume=I |location=London |publisher=[[Longman|Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green]] |access-date=November 18, 2020 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305232656/https://books.google.com/books?id=79QMAAAAIAAJ&q=alcock+Tycoon |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|427}} Alcock's brief narrative in ''The Capital of the Tycoon'' was the first widely disseminated description of the mountain in the West.<ref name = alcock />{{rp|421–27}} Lady Fanny Parkes, the wife of British ambassador Sir [[Harry Smith Parkes|Harry Parkes]], was the first non-Japanese woman to ascend Mount Fuji, in 1867.<ref>{{cite web |title=#259, Lilian Hope Parkes |url=https://family-tree.cobboldfht.com/people/view/259 |website=The Cobbold Family History Trust |access-date=1 February 2020 |archive-date=February 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201140923/https://family-tree.cobboldfht.com/people/view/259 |url-status=live }}</ref> Photographer [[Felix Beato]] climbed Mount Fuji two years later.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tucker|first1=Anne|author1-link=Anne Tucker|last2=Iizawa|first2=Kōtarō|author2-link=Kōtarō Iizawa|last3=Friis-Hansen|first3=Dana|last4=Ryuichi|first4=Kaneko|last5=Kinoshita|first5=Naoyuki|last6=Joe|first6=Takeba|last7=Museum of Fine Arts, Houston|last8=Kokusai Kaoryau Kikin Staff|editor1-last=Tucker|editor1-first=Anne|editor2-last=Iizawa|editor2-first=Kōtarō|editor3-last=Junkerman|editor3-first=John|editor4-last=Masayuki|editor4-first=Kuriyama|editor5-last=Maya|editor5-first=Ishiwata|editor6-last=Museum of Fine Arts, Houston|editor7-last=Rie|editor7-first=Imai|editor8-last=Cleveland Museum of Art|translator-last=Junkerman|translator-first=John|year=2003|title=The History of Japanese Photography|page=30|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|isbn=978-0-300-09925-6}}</ref>

On March 5, 1966, [[BOAC Flight 911]], a [[Boeing 707]], broke up in flight and crashed near the Mount Fuji Gotemba New fifth station, shortly after departure from [[Haneda Airport|Tokyo International Airport]]. All 113 passengers and 11 crew members died in the disaster, which was attributed to the extreme [[clear-air turbulence]] caused by [[lee wave]]s downwind of the mountain. There is a memorial for the crash victims a short distance down from the Gotemba New fifth station.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19660305-1 |title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-436 G-APFE Mount Fuji |website=[[Aviation Safety Network]]|publisher=[[Flight Safety Foundation]]|access-date=August 14, 2008 |archive-date=October 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028052327/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19660305-1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Today, Mount Fuji is an international destination for tourism and [[Mountaineering|mountain climbing]].<ref name="climbing">{{cite web |url=http://www.ibarakijets.org/guides/fujiguide.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327032252/http://www.ibarakijets.org/guides/fujiguide.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2009 |title=Climbing Mount Fuji? route maps |pages=4–5 |access-date=December 23, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.christmaswhistler.web44.net/adventure/mtFuji.html |title=Climbing Mt. Fuji travel log |publisher=ChristmasWhistler |date=June 30, 2002 |access-date=April 6, 2013 |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305035316/http://www.christmaswhistler.web44.net/adventure/mtFuji.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> In the early 20th century, populist educator [[Frederick Starr]]'s [[Chautauqua]] lectures about his several ascents of Mount Fuji— in 1913, 1919, and 1923—were widely known in America.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00911F73D5D15738DDDA80894D8415B838EF1D3&scp=1242&sq=frederick+starr&st=p |title=Starr Tells of Escape: American Scientist Found Refuge in a Tokio Temple |work=[[The New York Times]] |location=New York |date=October 1, 1923 |access-date=August 19, 2008 |archive-date=December 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220155454/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00911F73D5D15738DDDA80894D8415B838EF1D3&scp=1242&sq=frederick+starr&st=p |url-status=live|page=3|url-access=limited}}</ref> A well-known Japanese saying suggests that a wise person will climb Mt. Fuji once in their lifetime, but only a fool would climb it twice.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tuckerman |first=Mike |url=http://www.japanvisitor.com/index.php?cID=357&pID=1529 |title=Climbing Mount Fuji |website=JapanVisitor |access-date=August 19, 2008 |archive-date=September 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929013036/http://www.japanvisitor.com/index.php?cID=357&pID=1529 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bremmer |first=Brian |url=http://www.businessweek.com/1997/37/b3544146.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118165211/http://www.businessweek.com/1997/37/b3544146.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 18, 2013 |title=Mastering Mt. Fuji |work=[[Business Week]] |date=September 15, 1997}}</ref> It remains a popular symbol in Japanese culture, including making numerous movie appearances,<ref>{{Cite AV media|script-title=ja:血槍富士|title=Chiyarifuji|trans-title=[[Bloody Spear at Mount Fuji]]|lang=ja|date=1955 |last=Uchida |first=Tomu |author-link=Tomu Uchida}}</ref> inspiring the [[Infiniti]] logo,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cases.lippincott-margulies.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/LMCases.woa/wa/viewcaseid?1000509 |publisher=[[Lippincott (brand consultancy)|Lippincott Mercer]]|title=Launching Infiniti |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061030092013/http://cases.lippincott-margulies.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/LMCases.woa/wa/viewcaseid?1000509 |archive-date=October 30, 2006}}</ref> and even appearing in medicine with the [[Pneumocephalus|Mount Fuji sign]].<ref name="pmid10987907">{{cite journal |last=Sadeghian|first=Hamid|title=Mount Fuji Sign in Tension Pneumocephalus|journal=Archives of Neurology |volume=57 |issue=9 |page=1366 |date=September 2000 |pmid=10987907 |doi=10.1001/archneur.57.9.1366}}</ref><ref name="pmid15115834">{{cite journal |last1=Heckmann|first1=Josef G.|last2=Ganslandt|first2=Oliver|title=Images in clinical medicine. The Mount Fuji sign |journal=[[The New England Journal of Medicine]] |volume=350 |issue=18 |page=1881 |date=April 2004 |pmid=15115834 |doi=10.1056/NEJMicm020479}}</ref>

In September 2004, the staffed weather station at the summit was closed after 72 years in operation. Observers monitored radar sweeps that detected typhoons and heavy rains. The station, which was the highest in Japan at {{cvt|3780|m|0}}, was replaced by a fully automated meteorological system.<ref name=upi_2004/>

Mount Fuji was added to the [[List of World Heritage Sites in Japan|World Heritage List]] as a Cultural Site on June 22, 2013.<ref name="channelnewsasia.com" />

== Geography ==
[[File:Fujisan-video-views-airplane-bullet-train2014.ogv|thumb|Mount Fuji as seen from the air and from the window of a bullet train, 2014]]
[[File:Mt_Fuji_NASA_ISS002-E-6971_large.jpg|thumb|right|Fuji in early summer seen from the [[International Space Station]] (May 2001)]]

Mount Fuji is a very distinctive feature of the [[geography of Japan]]. It stands {{cvt|3776.24|m|ft|0}} tall and is located near the Pacific coast of central [[Honshu]], just southwest of [[Tokyo]]. It straddles the boundary of [[Shizuoka Prefecture|Shizuoka]] and [[Yamanashi Prefecture|Yamanashi]] [[Prefectures of Japan|prefectures]]. Four small cities surround it - [[Gotemba, Shizuoka|Gotemba]] to the east, [[Fujiyoshida]] to the north, [[Fujinomiya, Shizuoka|Fujinomiya]] to the southwest, and [[Fuji, Shizuoka|Fuji]] to the south - as well as several towns and villages in the area. It is surrounded by [[Fuji Five Lakes|five lakes]]: [[Lake Kawaguchi]], [[Lake Yamanaka]], [[Saiko Lake|Lake Sai]], [[Lake Motosu]] and [[Lake Shōji]].<ref name="gvp">{{cite gvp |vn=283030 |title=Fujisan}}</ref> They, and nearby [[Lake Ashi]] in [[Kanagawa Prefecture]], provide expansive views of the mountain. The mountain is part of the [[Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park]]. It can be seen more distantly from Yokohama, Tokyo, and sometimes as far as [[Chiba (city)|Chiba]], [[Saitama (city)|Saitama]], [[Tochigi, Tochigi|Tochigi]], [[Ibaraki, Ibaraki|Ibaraki]] and [[Lake Hamana]] when the sky is clear. It has been photographed from space during a space shuttle mission.<ref name="sts-107">{{cite web |url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/shuttle/sts-107/html/s107e05690.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030210234251/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/shuttle/sts-107/html/s107e05690.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 10, 2003 |title=STS-107 Shuttle Mission Imagery |publisher=[[NASA]] |date=January 26, 2003 |access-date=December 16, 2012}}</ref>

=== Climate ===
The summit of Mount Fuji has a tundra climate ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''ET''). The temperature is very low at the high altitude, and the cone is covered by snow for several months of the year. The lowest recorded temperature is {{cvt|−38.0|C|F}} recorded in February 1981, and the highest temperature was {{cvt|17.8|C|F}} recorded in August 1942.

Fuji's seasonal snowcap begins at an average date of 2 October. In 2024, the snowcap formed on 6 November, the latest-occurring since records began in 1894.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-06 |title=Snow seen on Mount Fuji after record absence |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/east-asia/japan-mount-fuji-snow-weather-climate-change-4727291 |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Mt. Fuji (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1932–present)
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|Jan record high C = -1.7
|Feb record high C = 0.0
|Mar record high C = 1.0
|Apr record high C = 4.7
|May record high C = 12.2
|Jun record high C = 12.3
|Jul record high C = 17.4
|Aug record high C = 17.8
|Sep record high C = 16.3
|Oct record high C = 14.0
|Nov record high C = 6.9
|Dec record high C = 3.6
|Jan record low C = -37.3
|Feb record low C = -38.0
|Mar record low C = -33.9
|Apr record low C = -27.8
|May record low C = -18.9
|Jun record low C = -13.1
|Jul record low C = -6.9
|Aug record low C = -4.3
|Sep record low C = -10.8
|Oct record low C = -19.5
|Nov record low C = -28.1
|Dec record low C = -33.0
|Jan mean C = -18.2
|Feb mean C = -17.4
|Mar mean C = -14.1
|Apr mean C = -8.8
|May mean C = -3.2
|Jun mean C = 1.4
|Jul mean C = 5.3
|Aug mean C = 6.4
|Sep mean C = 3.5
|Oct mean C = -2.0
|Nov mean C = -8.7
|Dec mean C = -15.1
|year mean C = -5.9
|Jan high C = -15.3
|Feb high C = -14.3
|Mar high C = -10.9
|Apr high C = -5.9
|May high C = -0.6
|Jun high C = 4.0
|Jul high C = 8.0
|Aug high C = 9.5
|Sep high C = 6.5
|Oct high C = 0.7
|Nov high C = -5.9
|Dec high C = -12.2
|year high C = -3.0
|Jan low C = -21.4
|Feb low C = -21.1
|Mar low C = -17.7
|Apr low C = -12.2
|May low C = -6.3
|Jun low C = -1.4
|Jul low C = 2.8
|Aug low C = 3.8
|Sep low C = 0.6
|Oct low C = -5.1
|Nov low C = -11.8
|Dec low C = -18.3
|year low C = -9.0
|Jan humidity = 53
|Feb humidity = 56
|Mar humidity = 61
|Apr humidity = 63
|May humidity = 60
|Jun humidity = 70
|Jul humidity = 79
|Aug humidity = 75
|Sep humidity = 67
|Oct humidity = 53
|Nov humidity = 52
|Dec humidity = 52
|source 1 = Japan Meteorological Agency<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/index.php?prec_no=49&block_no=47639&year=&month=&day=&view= |script-title=ja:平年値（年・月ごとの値）|title=Heinen-chi (-nen tsuki-goto no atai)|trans-title=Normal value (yearly/monthly value)|language=ja|publisher=[[Japan Meteorological Agency]] |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=May 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521161501/https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/index.php?prec_no=49&block_no=47639&year=&month=&day=&view= |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

== Geology ==
{{Further|Historic eruptions of Mount Fuji|List of volcanoes in Japan|Triple junction}}
{{Multiple image
| align = 
| direction = vertical
| total_width = 175
| image1 = Mount_Fuji_Relief_Map,_SRTM-1.jpg
| alt1 = 
| caption1 = 
| image2 = Fuji_3D.gif
| caption2 = 
| footer = Relief map and animation realized with [[Shuttle Radar Topography Mission|SRTM]] data
}}

[[File:Geologycal cross-section of Fuji.png|upright=1.45|thumb|Geological cross-section of Fuji volcano. [[Key (map)|Key]]: N<sub>2</sub> = [[Tertiary]] [[sedimentary rock]]s; αN<sub>2</sub> = Tertiary volcanic rocks; αQ<sub>1</sub> = [[Komitake volcano]]; α-δQ<sub>1</sub> = [[Ashitaka volcano]]; βQ<sub>2</sub> = Older Fuji volcano; αβQ<sub>2</sub> = Younger Fuji volcano.<ref name="VRC_ERI">{{cite web |url=http://www.eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp/VRC/vrc/others/fujigeol.html |title=Geology of Fuji Volcano |publisher=Hokkaido National Agricultural Experiment Station|via=Volcano Research Center, Earthquake Research Institute (ERI), University of Tokyo|access-date=November 17, 2023|last=Miyaji|first=Naomichi|archive-date=January 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116061501/http://www.eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp/VRC/vrc/others/fujigeol.html |url-status=live}}</ref>]]

Mount Fuji is located at a [[triple junction]] [[Oceanic trench|trench]] where the [[Amurian Plate]], [[Okhotsk Plate]], and [[Philippine Sea Plate]] meet.<ref name=MooresTwiss1995>{{cite book |last1=Moores |first1=Eldridge M. |last2=Twiss |first2=Robert J. |title=Tectonics |date=2014 |publisher=Waveland Press |isbn=978-1-4786-2199-7 |page=208}}</ref><ref name=NatGeogFuji>{{cite web |title=Mount Fuji |date=December 6, 2011 |publisher=[[National Geographic Society]] |access-date=18 May 2018 |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/mount-fuji/ |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143949/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/mount-fuji/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> These three plates form the western part of Japan, the eastern part of Japan, and the [[Izu Peninsula]] respectively.<ref name=Piotr/> The [[Pacific Plate]] is being [[subducted]] beneath these plates, resulting in volcanic activity. Mount Fuji is also located near three [[island arc]]s: the [[Southwestern Japan Arc]], the [[Northeastern Japan Arc]], and the [[Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc|Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc]].<ref name=Piotr>{{cite book |last1=Oguchi |first1=Takashi |last2=Oguchi |first2=Chiaki |editor1-last=Migon |editor1-first=Piotr |chapter=Mt. Fuji: The Beauty of a Symmetric Stratovolcano|title=Geomorphological Landscapes of the World |date=2010 |publisher=[[Springer Netherlands]]|isbn=9789048130542 |pages=303–309}}</ref> The Fuji triple junction is only {{convert|400|km}} from the [[Boso triple junction]].

Fuji's main crater is {{cvt|780|m}} in diameter and {{cvt|240|m}} deep. The bottom of the crater is {{cvt|100|-|130|m}} in diameter. Slope angles from the crater to a distance of {{cvt|1.5|–|2|km}} are 31°–35°, the [[angle of repose]] for dry gravel. Beyond this distance, slope angles are about 27°, which is caused by an increase in [[scoria]]. Mid-flank slope angles decrease from 23° to less than 10° in the [[foothills|piedmont]].<ref name=Piotr/>

[[File:Hasshinpo of Mt.Fuji 40.jpg|thumb|[[Volcanic crater|Crater]] with the [[Eight Sacred Peaks]] (''Hasshin-po'')]]
Scientists have identified four distinct phases of volcanic activity in the formation of Mount Fuji. The first phase, called ''Sen-komitake'', is composed of an [[andesite]] core recently discovered deep within the mountain. ''Sen-komitake'' was followed by the "''Komitake'' Fuji", a [[basalt]] layer believed to be formed several hundred thousand years ago. Approximately 100,000&nbsp;years ago, "Old Fuji" was formed over the top of ''Komitake'' Fuji. The modern, "New Fuji" is believed to have formed over the top of Old Fuji around 10,000&nbsp;years ago.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2004/04/04/national/third-ancient-volcano-discovered-deep-inside-fuji/|title=Third ancient volcano discovered within Mount Fuji |work=[[Japan Times]] |date=April 4, 2004|access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=March 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311111128/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2004/04/04/national/third-ancient-volcano-discovered-deep-inside-fuji/#.Ux7vYXbP32c|url-status=live}}</ref>

Pre-Komitake started erupting in the [[Middle Pleistocene]] in an area {{cvt|7|km|mi|frac=2|spell=in}} north of Mount Fuji. After a relatively short pause, eruptions began again which formed Komitake Volcano in the same location. These eruptions ended 100,000 years ago. Ashitake Volcano was active from 400,000 to 100,000 years ago and is located {{cvt|20|km}} southeast of Mount Fuji. Mount Fuji started erupting 100,000 years ago, with Ko-Fuji (old-Fuji) forming 100,000 to 17,000 years ago, but which is now almost completely buried. A large [[volcanic landslide|landslide]] on the southwest flank occurred about 18,000 years ago. Shin-Fuji (new-Fuji) eruptions in the form of [[lava]], [[lapilli]] and [[volcanic ash]], have occurred between 17,000 and 8,000 years ago, between 7,000 and 3,500 years ago, and between 4,000 and 2,000 years ago. Flank eruptions, mostly in the form of parasitic [[cinder cone]]s, ceased in 1707. The largest cone, [[Mount Ōmuro (Mount Fuji)|Omuro-Yama]], is one of more than 100 cones aligned NW-SE and NE-SW through the summit. Mt. Fuji also has more than 70 [[lava tunnel]]s and extensive lava tree molds. Two large landslides are at the head of the Yoshida-Osawa and Osawa-Kuzure valleys.<ref name=Piotr/>

{{As of|2002|12}}, the volcano is classified as active with a low risk of eruption. The last recorded eruption was the [[Hōei eruption]] which started on December 16, 1707 (''[[Hōei]] 4, 23rd day of the 11th month''), and ended about January 1, 1708 (''Hōei 4, 9th day of the 12th month'').<ref name="1707 eruption"/> The eruption formed a new [[Volcanic crater|crater]] and a second peak, named [[Mount Hōei]], halfway down its southeastern side. Fuji spewed cinders and ash which fell like rain in [[Izu Province|Izu]], [[Kai Province|Kai]], [[Sagami Province|Sagami]], and [[Musashi Province|Musashi]].<ref>{{cite book|author-link=Hayashi Gahō|last=Gahō|first=Hayashi|orig-year=Originally published 1652|title=[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran|Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon]]|trans-title=Nipon o daï itsi ran; or, Annals of the Emperors of Japan|language=fr|translator-last=Titsingh|translator-first=Isaac|translator-link=Isaac Titsingh|editor-last=von Klaproth|editor-first=Julius|year=1834|location=Paris |publisher=[[Royal Asiatic Society|Oriental Translation Society of Great Britain and Ireland]]|page=416}}
</ref> Since then, there have been no signs of an eruption. However, on the evening of March 15, 2011, there was a [[Richter magnitude scale|magnitude]] 6.2 earthquake at shallow depth a few kilometres from Mount Fuji on its southern side.

=== Recorded eruptions ===
About 11,000 years ago, a large amount of lava began to erupt from the west side of the top of the ancient Fuji mountain. This lava formed the new Fuji which is the main body of Mount Fuji. Since then, the tops of the ancient Fuji and the new Fuji are side by side. About 2,500–2,800 years ago, the top part of ancient Fuji caused a large-scale landslide due to weathering, and finally, only the top of Shin-Fuji remained.
There are ten known eruptions that can be traced to reliable records.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/0index.html |first=Masato |last=Koyama |publisher=[[Shizuoka University]] |title=Database of eruptions and other activities of Fuji Volcano, Japan, based on historical records since AD781 |language=ja |access-date=2021-07-29 |df=dmy-all |archive-date=May 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507121143/https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/0index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://pandoraboss.com/2021/10/08/all-about-mount-fuji/ |title=All about Mount Fuji |language=en |access-date=October 10, 2021 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305232643/https://pandoraboss.com/2021/10/08/all-about-mount-fuji/|url-status=dead|website=pandoraboss.com}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Date(s) || Notes !! {{Refh}}
|-
| July 31, 781
| The eruption was recorded in the ''[[Shoku Nihongi]]'' and it was noted that "ash fell", but there are no other details.
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/781.html |first=Masato |last=Koyama |publisher=[[Shizuoka University]] |script-title=ja:天応元年（781）噴火|title=Ten'nō gan'nen (781) funka|trans-title=Eruption in the first year of Ten'ō (781)|language=ja |access-date=2021-07-29 |df=dmy-all |archive-date=July 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729153559/https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/781.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| April 11 – May 15, 800<br/>February 13, 802
| The ''[[Nihon Kiryaku]]'' states that during the first phase, the skies were dark even during the daytime. The second phase is known from the ''[[Nippon Kiseki]]'', which notes that gravel fell like hail.
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/800.html |first=Masato |last=Koyama |publisher=[[Shizuoka University]] |script-title=ja:延暦十九～二十一年（800～802）噴火|title=Nobe-reki jū kyū ~ nijūichinen (800 ~ 802) funka|trans-title=Eruption in the 19th to 21st years of Enryaku (800 to 802)|language=ja |access-date=2021-07-29 |df=dmy-all |archive-date=July 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729172559/https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/800.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| June–September 864<br/>December 865 – January 866
| Both phases were recorded in the {{lang|ja-latn|[[Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku]]}}. This eruption created three of the [[Fuji Five Lakes]]: [[Lake Motosu|Motosu]], [[Lake Shōji|Shōji]], and [[Saiko Lake|Saiko]], from a single lake that became separated by lava flow.
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/864.html |first=Masato |last=Koyama |publisher=[[Shizuoka University]] |script-title=ja:貞観六～七年（864～866初頭）噴火|title=Jōgan roku ~ nana-nen (864 ~ 866 shotō) funka|trans-title=Eruption in the 6th to 7th years of Jōgan (864 to early 866)|language=ja |access-date=2021-07-29 |df=dmy-all |archive-date=July 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729172559/https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/864.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| November 937
| This was recorded in the ''Nihon Kiryaku''.
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/937.html |first=Masato |last=Koyama |publisher=[[Shizuoka University]] |script-title=ja:承平七年（937）噴火|title=Jōhei nana-nen (937) funka|trans-title=Eruption in the 7th year of Jōhei (937)|language=ja |access-date=2021-07-29 |df=dmy-all |archive-date=July 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729172601/https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/937.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| March 999
| It is noted in the ''[[Honchō Seiki]]'' that news of an eruption was brought to Kyoto, but no other details are known.
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/999.html |first=Masato |last=Koyama |publisher=[[Shizuoka University]] |script-title=ja:長保元年（999）噴火|title=Chōhō gan'nen (999) funka|trans-title=Eruption in the first year of Chōhō (999)|language=ja |access-date=2021-07-29 |df=dmy-all |archive-date=July 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729172559/https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/999.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| January 1033
| According to the ''Nihon Kiryaku'', news of this eruption was brought to Kyoto two months later.
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/1033.html |first=Masato |last=Koyama |publisher=[[Shizuoka University]] |script-title=ja:長元五年末（1033初頭）噴火|title=Chō gen go nenmatsu (1033 shotō) funka|trans-title=Eruption at the end of Chōgen 5 (early 1033)|language=ja |access-date=2021-07-29 |df=dmy-all |archive-date=July 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729172601/https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/1033.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| April 17, 1083
| The only contemporary recording of this was written by a Buddhist monk and can be found in the ''[[Fusō Ryakuki]]''. Later writings indicate that the sound of the eruption may have been heard in Kyoto.
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/1083.html |first=Masato |last=Koyama |publisher=[[Shizuoka University]] |script-title=ja:永保三年（1083）噴火|title=Nagayasu san-nen (1083) funka|trans-title=Eruption in the third year of Eihō (1083)|language=ja |access-date=2021-07-29 |df=dmy-all |archive-date=July 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729172604/https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/1083.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| between January 30, 1435 and January 18, 1436
| A record of this appears in the ''[[Ōdaiki]]'', a chronicle kept by the monks at [[Kubo Hachiman Shrine]] in [[Yamanashi, Yamanashi|Yamanashi City]] and it states that a flame was visible on Mount Fuji. As there is no mention of smoke, this appears to have been a [[Hawaiian eruption]] (lava only).
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/1435.html|first=Masato |last=Koyama |publisher=[[Shizuoka University]] |script-title=ja:永享七年（1435または1436初頭）噴火|title=Eikyō nana-nen (1435 matawa 1436 shotō) funka|trans-title=Eruption in the seventh year of Eikyō (1435 or early 1436)|language=ja |access-date=November 15, 2023 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| August 1511
| The ''[[Katsuyamaki]]'' (or ''Myōhōjiki''), written by monks at Myōhō-ji in [[Fujikawaguchiko]], indicates that there was a fire on Mount Fuji at this time, but as there is no vegetation at the described location, this was almost certainly a lava flow.
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/1511.html |first=Masato |last=Koyama |publisher=[[Shizuoka University]] |script-title=ja:永正八年（1511）噴火|title=Eishō hachi-nen (1511) funka|trans-title=Eruption in the eighth year of Eishō (1511)|language=ja |access-date=2021-07-29 |df=dmy-all |archive-date=May 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518000536/https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/1511.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| December 16, 1707
| The [[Hōei eruption]]
| <ref name="1707 eruption">{{cite web |url=https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/1707.html |first=Masato |last=Koyama |publisher=[[Shizuoka University]] |script-title=ja:宝永四年（1707）噴火|title=Hōei shi-nen (1707) funka|trans-title=Eruption in the fourth year of Hōei (1707)|language=ja |access-date=2021-07-29 |df=dmy-all |archive-date=July 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729172602/https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/1707.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Current eruptive danger ===
{{Update section|date=November 2022}}
Following the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|2011 Tōhoku earthquake]], there was speculation in the media that the shock may induce volcanic unrest at Mount Fuji. In September 2012, mathematical models created by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NRIESDP) suggested that the pressure in Mount Fuji's [[magma chamber]] could be 1.6 [[pascal (unit)|megapascals]] higher than it was before its last eruption in 1707. This was interpreted by some media outlets to mean that an eruption of Mount Fuji could be imminent.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/mount-fuji|title=Pressure in Mount Fuji is now higher than last eruption, warn experts |last=Clark |first=Liat |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=September 6, 2012 |access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=September 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906182958/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/mount-fuji|url-status=live}}</ref> However, since there is no known method of directly measuring the pressure of a volcano's magma chamber, indirect calculations of the type used by NRIESDP are speculative and unverifiable. Other indicators suggestive of heightened eruptive danger, such as active [[fumarole]]s and recently discovered [[fault (geology)|faults]], are typical occurrences at this type of volcano.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.com/2012/09/doom-volcano-research-media/|title=Doooom! The Perception of Volcano Research by the Media |last=Klemetti |first=Erik |magazine=[[Wired magazine|Wired]] |date=September 10, 2012|access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=March 25, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325154058/https://www.wired.com/2012/09/doom-volcano-research-media/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Eruption fears continued into the 2020s. In 2021, a new hazard map was created to help residents plan for evacuation, stoking fears because of its increased estimate of lava flow and additional vents.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Japan: Mount Fuji report doubles estimate of lava flow|last=Ryall|first=Julian|location=Tokyo|date=April 7, 2021|url=https://www.dw.com/en/japan-mount-fuji-report-doubles-previous-estimate-of-lava-flow/a-57119635|access-date=November 19, 2023|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|language=en}}</ref> Soon afterwards, a 4.8 magnitude earthquake hit the area, sending the phrase "Mt Fuji eruption" trending on [[Twitter]].<ref>{{cite news|date=December 2, 2021|title=Japan quells fears of Mt Fuji eruption after earthquake |language=en |publisher=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/japan-quells-fears-mt-fuji-eruption-after-earthquake-2021-12-03/ |access-date=November 19, 2023}}</ref> However, the Japan Meteorological Agency assured the public the earthquake did not increase the eruption risk. In 2023, a new evacuation plan was developed to account for the 2021 hazard map update.<ref>{{cite news|date=March 29, 2023|title=Mount Fuji eruption escape plan calls on residents to evacuate on foot|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2023/03/29/national/mount-fuji-eruption-plan/|access-date=November 19, 2023|url-access=limited|work=[[The Japan Times]]|language=en}}</ref>

== Aokigahara forest ==
[[File:Mount Ashiwada and Mount Fuji.jpg|thumb|Aokigahara forest with Mount Fuji and Mount Ashiwada]]
The forest at the northwest base of the mountain is named [[Aokigahara]]. Folk tales and legends tell of ghosts, demons, [[Yūrei]] and [[Yōkai]] haunting the forest, and in the 19th century, Aokigahara was one of many places poor families abandoned the very young and elderly.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/japan-s-harvest-death-5368465.html |title=Japan's harvest of death |work=[[The Independent]]|date=October 24, 2000|access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=April 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410115751/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/japan-s-harvest-death-5368465.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Approximately 30 suicides have been counted yearly, with a high of nearly 80 bodies in 2002.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hadfield|first=Peter|author-link=Peter Hadfield (journalist)|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/1373287/Japan-struggles-with-soaring-death-toll-in-Suicide-Forest.html |title=Japan struggles with soaring death toll in Suicide Forest |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |location=Tokyo|date=November 5, 2000|access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=January 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/1373287/Japan-struggles-with-soaring-death-toll-in-Suicide-Forest.html |url-status=live|url-access=limited}}</ref> The recent increase in suicides prompted local officials to erect signs that attempt to convince individuals experiencing suicidal intent to re-think their desperate plans, and sometimes these messages have proven effective.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/20080224TDY03303.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302060053/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/20080224TDY03303.htm|url-status=dead |archive-date=March 2, 2008 |title=Sign saves lives of 29 suicidal people |work=[[Yomiuri Shimbun]]|via=Daily Yomuri Online|date=February 24, 2008}}</ref> The numbers of suicides in the past creates an allure that has persisted across the span of decades.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Takahashi|first=Yoshitomo|title=Aokigahara-jukai: Suicide and Amnesia in Mt. Fuji's Black Forest |journal=Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=164–175 |date=Summer 1988 |pmid=3420643 |doi=10.1111/j.1943-278X.1988.tb00150.x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Davisson |first=Jack |url=http://www.seekjapan.jp/article-1/767/The+Suicide+Woods+of+Mt.+Fuji |title=The Suicide Woods of Mt. Fuji |date=February 25, 2021 |magazine=[[Japanzine]]|access-date=March 15, 2008 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716202740/http://www.seekjapan.jp/article-1/767/The+Suicide+Woods+of+Mt.+Fuji |url-status=live }}</ref>

Many hikers mark their routes by leaving colored plastic tape behind as they pass, raising concern among prefectural officials about the forest's ecosystem.<ref>{{cite web|last=Okado|first=Yuki|url=http://www.asahi.com/english/Herald-asahi/TKY200805020328.html|title=Intruders tangle 'suicide forest' with tape|work=[[The Asahi Shimbun]]|date=May 3, 2008|access-date=May 3, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506060315/http://www.asahi.com/english/Herald-asahi/TKY200805020328.html|archive-date=May 6, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Adventuring ==
[[File:Fuji in the Mountains of Taisekiji LACMA M.2006.136.141a-b.jpg|thumb|A view of Mount Fuji from the [[Taisekiji]] temple as depicted by the woodblock artist Katsushika [[Hokusai]]. ''The one hundred views of Mount Fuji''. From the Elizabeth Joan Tanney estate, {{Circa|1834}}.]]

=== Transportation ===
[[File:Mt.Fuji Shizuoka Airport.jpg|thumb|[[Shizuoka Airport]] is overlooked by Mount Fuji.]]
The closest airport with scheduled international service is [[Shizuoka Airport|Mt. Fuji Shizuoka Airport]]. It opened in June 2009. It is about {{cvt|80|km|sigfig=1}} from Mount Fuji.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pref.shizuoka.jp/kuukou/contents/english/en_information.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516204258/http://www.pref.shizuoka.jp/kuukou/contents/english/en_information.htm |archive-date=May 16, 2008 |title=Mt. Fuji Shiozuoka Airport Basic Information |publisher=Shizuoka Prefecture}}</ref> The major international airports serving Tokyo, [[Haneda Airport|Tokyo International Airport (Haneda Airport)]] in Tokyo and [[Narita International Airport]] in Chiba are approximately three hours and 15 minutes from Mount Fuji.

=== Climbing routes ===
{{more citations needed section|date=July 2022}}
[[File:Fuji illustration.jpeg|thumb|Historical illustration of the routes to Mount Fuji|alt=]]
[[File:Torii near the summit of mount Fuji 2015.jpg|thumb|''[[Torii]]'' near the summit]]
[[File:Mt Fuji Summit.jpg|thumb|Hikers climbing Mount Fuji]]
Approximately 300,000 people climbed Mount Fuji in 2009.<ref name="NPJ">{{cite web |url=http://www.env.go.jp/park/fujihakone/topics/090917a.html |script-title=ja:【お知らせ】平成21年度の富士山登山者数について|title=[Oshirase] Heisei 21-nendo no fujisantozan shasū ni tsuite
|trans-title=[Notice] Regarding the number of Mt. Fuji climbers in 2009|language=ja|date=September 17, 2009|publisher=[[Ministry of the Environment (Japan)|Ministry of the Environment]]|access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=December 30, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230064054/http://www.env.go.jp/park/fujihakone/topics/090917a.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The most popular period for people to hike up Mount Fuji is from July to August, while huts and other facilities are operating and the weather is warmest.<ref name="NPJ" /> Buses to the trail heads typically used by climbers start running on July 1.<ref name=ClimbingSeason>{{cite web |url=http://www.fujisan-climb.jp/en/season/index.html |title=Climbing Season |website=Official Web Site for Mt. Fuji Climbing|publisher=Council for the Promotion of the Proper Use of Mt. Fuji|language=en |access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=December 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229064808/http://www.fujisan-climb.jp/en/season/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Climbing from October to May is very strongly discouraged, after a number of high-profile deaths and severe cold weather.<ref name="offseason">{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-d6flBDoQ8|title=Climbing Mt. Fuji in May (closed season) [Subtitled]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603070338/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-d6flBDoQ8|date=May 14, 2009|archive-date=June 3, 2016|url-status=live|website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Most Japanese climb the mountain at night in order to be in a position at or near the summit when the sun rises. The morning light is called {{lang|ja|御来光}} ''goraikō'', "arrival of light".<ref>{{cite news |last=Glass |first=Kathy |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE6DB1231F935A1575BC0A966958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1 |title=Climbing Mount Fuji By Night |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=August 26, 1990 |access-date=February 11, 2017 |archive-date=December 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220155251/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE6DB1231F935A1575BC0A966958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1 |url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

There are four major routes to the summit, each has numbered stations along the way. They are (clockwise, starting north): Kawaguchiko, Subashiri, Gotemba, and Fujinomiya routes.<ref name=MountainTrails>{{cite web |url=http://www.fujisan-climb.jp/en/trails/index.html |title=Mountain Trails |website=Official Web Site for Mt. Fuji Climbing|publisher=Council for the Promotion of the Proper Use of Mt. Fuji|language=en |access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-date=December 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219112531/http://www.fujisan-climb.jp/en/trails/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Climbers usually start at the fifth stations, as these are reachable by car or by bus. The summit is the tenth station on each trail. The stations on different routes are at different elevations; the highest fifth station is located at Fujinomiya, followed by Yoshida, Subashiri, and Gotemba.<!-- 2400, 2305, 2000 and 1440 metres from sea level--> There are four additional routes from the foot of the mountain: Shojiko, Yoshida, Suyama, and Murayama routes.<ref>{{cite web|date=June 15, 2022|title=Climbing Mount Fuji: When to go and how to do it|url=https://www.jrailpass.com/blog/climbing-mount-fuji |access-date=November 17, 2023|website=Japan Rail Pass|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812063735/https://www.jrailpass.com/blog/climbing-mount-fuji|archive-date=August 12, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

Even though it has only the second-highest fifth station, the Yoshida route is the most popular route because of its large parking area and many large mountain huts where a climber can rest or stay. During the summer season, most Mount Fuji climbing tour buses arrive there. The next most popular is the Fujinomiya route, which has the highest fifth station, followed by Subashiri and Gotemba. The ascent from the new fifth station can take anywhere between five and seven hours while the descent can take from three to four hours.<ref name=MountainTrails /> Even though most climbers do not use the Subashiri and Gotemba routes, many descend these because of their ash-covered paths. From the seventh station to near the fifth station, one could run down these ash-covered paths in approximately 30&nbsp;minutes.

There are also tractor routes along the climbing routes. These tractor routes are used to bring food and other materials to huts on the mountain. Because the tractors usually take up most of the width of these paths and they tend to push large rocks from the side of the path, the tractor paths are off-limits to the climbers on sections that are not merged with the climbing or descending paths. Nevertheless, one can sometimes see people riding mountain bikes along the tractor routes down from the summit. This is particularly risky, as it becomes difficult to control speed and may send some rocks rolling along the side of the path, which may hit other people.

The four routes from the foot of the mountain offer historical sites. The Murayama is the oldest route, and the Yoshida route still has many old shrines, teahouses, and huts along its path. These routes are gaining popularity recently and are being restored, but climbing from the foot of the mountain is still relatively uncommon. [[Asiatic black bear|Bears]] that live on the mountain have been sighted along the Yoshida route.

Huts at and above the fifth stations are usually staffed during the climbing season, but huts below fifth stations are not usually staffed for climbers. The number of open huts on routes are proportional to the number of climbers—Yoshida has the most while Gotemba has the fewest. The huts along the Gotemba route also tend to start later and close earlier than those along the Yoshida route. Also, because Mount Fuji is designated as a national park, it is illegal to camp above the fifth station.

There are eight peaks around the crater at the summit. The highest point in Japan, Ken-ga-mine, is where the [[Mount Fuji Radar System]] used to be (it was replaced by an automated system in 2004). Climbers are able to visit each of these peaks.

=== Paragliding ===
[[Paraglider]]s take off in the vicinity of the fifth station Gotemba parking lot, between Subashiri and Hōei-zan peak on the south side of the mountain, in addition to several other locations, depending on wind direction. Several paragliding schools use the wide sandy/grassy slope between Gotemba and Subashiri parking lots as a training hill.

===Overtourism concerns===
On 1 February 2024, the Yamanashi prefectural government imposed a mandatory fee of 2,000 yen ($13) for hikers using the Yoshida trail beginning in the summer season as part of efforts to ease congestion and provide funding for safety protocols.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2024/02/a1e50048cc54-mt-fuji-climbers-to-face-2000-yen-fees-from-summer-as-tourism-rises.html |title=Mt. Fuji climbers to face 2,000 yen fees amid overtourism concerns |website=Kyodo News|language=en |access-date=13 February 2024}}</ref> It later announced that it would impose a daily limit of 4,000 hikers on the trail and close it between 4 p.m. and 3 a.m except for guests in mountain lodges.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2024 |title=[Yoshida Trail] 2024 Restrictions overview and FAQ |url=https://www.fujisan-climb.jp/en/news/240417_yoshida_trail_faq.html#:~:text=If%20the%20number%20of%20climbers,continue%20climbing%20even%20after%204pm%3F |access-date=11 July 2024 |website=Official Web Site for Ft. Fuji Climbing}}</ref> The Shizuoka prefectural government subsequently announced that it would also close the Subashiri, Gotemba and Fujinomiya trails at the same time period with the same exceptions, citing also concerns over congestion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2024/02/101a85a0aa2b-another-japanese-prefecture-to-restrict-night-climbing-on-mt-fuji.html |title=Another Japanese prefecture to restrict night climbing on Mt. Fuji |website=Kyodo News|language=en |access-date=13 February 2024}}</ref>

== In culture ==
[[File:Outer shrine of Fujisan Hongu SengenTaisha (富士山本宮浅間大社) - panoramio.jpg|upright|thumb|Outer shrine of [[Fujisan Hongū Sengen Taisha]]]]

=== Shinto mythology ===
In Shinto mythology, [[Kuninotokotachi]] (国之常立神<sup>[[Help:Installing Japanese character sets|?]]</sup>, ''Kuninotokotachi-no-Kami'', in ''[[Kojiki]]'')(国常立尊<sup>[[Help:Installing Japanese character sets|?]]</sup>, ''Kuninotokotachi-no-Mikoto'', in ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'') is one of the two [[Kami|gods]] born from "something like a [[Reed bed|reed]] that arose from the soil" when the earth was [[Chaos (cosmogony)|chaotic]]. According to the ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'', [[Konohanasakuya-hime]], wife of [[Ninigi]], is the goddess of Mount Fuji, where [[Fujisan Hongū Sengen Taisha]] is dedicated for her.

In ancient times, the mountain was worshipped from afar. The [[Asama shrine]] was set up at the foothills to ward off eruptions. In the [[Heian period]] (794–1185), volcanic activity subsided and Fuji was used as a base for [[Shugendō]], a syncretic religion combining mountain worship and Buddhism. Worshippers began to climb the slopes and by the early 12th century, [[Matsudai Shonin]] had founded a temple on the summit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fujisan223.com/en/reason/ |title=Mt. Fuji's selection as a cultural World Heritage site |publisher=Mt. Fuji World Heritage Div., Culture and Tourism Dept, Shizuoka Prefecture |access-date=24 November 2020 |archive-date=April 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415231753/https://www.fujisan223.com/en/reason/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Fujiko (religion)|Fuji-kō]] was an [[Edo period]] cult centred around the mountain founded by an ascetic named [[Hasegawa Kakugyō]] (1541–1646).<ref name="melton">{{cite book|url=https://ds.amu.edu.et/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/5699/%5BJ._Gordon_Melton%5D_The_Encyclopedia_of_Religious_P%28BookFi.org%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|last=Melton|first=J. Gordon|author-link=J. Gordon Melton|publisher=[[Visible Ink Press]]|title=Encyclopedia of Religious Phenomena|year=2008|location=Canton, MI|isbn=9781578592593|page=231|access-date=November 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117204959/https://ds.amu.edu.et/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/5699/[J._Gordon_Melton]_The_Encyclopedia_of_Religious_P(BookFi.org).pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=November 17, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> The cult venerated the mountain as a female deity, and encouraged its members to climb it. In doing so they would be reborn, "purified and... able to find happiness." The cult waned in the [[Meiji period]] and although it persists to this day it has been subsumed into [[Shintō]] sects.<ref name="melton"/>

=== Popular culture ===
As a national symbol of the country, the mountain has been depicted in various art media such as paintings, [[moku hanga|woodblock prints]] (such as [[Hokusai]]'s ''[[Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji]]'' and ''[[100 Views of Mount Fuji]]'' from the 1830s), poetry, music, theater, film, [[manga]], [[anime]], [[pottery]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sunritz-hattori-museum.or.jp/masterpieces/index.html |script-title=ja:収蔵品のご紹介|title=Shūzō-hin no go shōkai|trans-title=
Introduction to the collection|language=ja|website=www.sunritz-hattori-museum.or.jp|publisher=[[Sunritz Hattori Museum of Arts]]|access-date=March 7, 2018 |archive-date=March 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307215353/http://www.sunritz-hattori-museum.or.jp/masterpieces/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and even [[Kawaii]] subculture.

Before [[1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens|its explosive eruption in 1980]], [[Mount St. Helens]] was once known as "The Fuji of America", for its striking resemblance to Mount Fuji. [[Mount Taranaki]] in [[New Zealand]] is also said to bear a resemblance to Mount Fuji, and for this reason has been used as a stand-in for the mountain in films and television.

== See also ==
* [[List of mountains and hills of Japan by height]]
* ''[[100 Famous Japanese Mountains]]''
* [[List of three-thousanders in Japan]]
* [[List of World Heritage sites in Japan]]
* [[List of elevation extremes by country]]
* {{Nihongo|Mount Araido|阿頼度山|Araidosan}}, [[Araido Island]] (阿頼度島), [[Kuril Islands]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=Britannica>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/221527/Mount-Fuji |title=Mount Fuji |publisher=Britannica Online |access-date=October 17, 2009 |archive-date=October 29, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029041347/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/221527/Mount-Fuji |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=Fujiinfo>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbr.mlit.go.jp/fujisabo/fuji_info/fuji_info-top.html |script-title=ja:富士山情報コーナー|title=Fujisan jōhō kōnā|trans-title=Mt. Fuji information corner|language=ja|publisher=Sabo Works at Mt.Fuji |access-date=November 28, 2010 |archive-date=January 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107041941/http://www.cbr.mlit.go.jp/fujisabo/fuji_info/fuji_info-top.html%20%20%20 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=GSJ_active>{{cite web |title=Active Volcanoes of Japan |url=https://gbank.gsj.jp/volcano/Quat_Vol/act_map_e.html |publisher=Geological Survey of Japan|work=Quaternary Volcanoes of Japan|access-date=March 7, 2016 |archive-date=March 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308105251/https://gbank.gsj.jp/volcano/Quat_Vol/act_map_e.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=upi_2004>{{cite news |url=https://www.upi.com/Weather-station-on-Mt-Fuji-closes/48221096533395/ |title=Weather Station on Mt. Fuji Closes |publisher=United Press International|location=Tokyo|date=September 30, 2004 |access-date=January 5, 2010 |archive-date=August 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801164516/https://www.upi.com/Weather-station-on-Mt-Fuji-closes/48221096533395/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="watch tizu">{{cite web |url=http://watchizu.gsi.go.jp/watchizu.html?b=352138.26&l=1384338.52 |script-title=ja:地図閲覧サービス 2万5千分1地形図名： 富士山(甲府)|title=Chizu etsuran sābisu 2 man 5 sen-bu 1 chikei-zu-mei: Fujisan (Kōfu)|trans-title=Map viewing service 1:25,000 topographic map name: Mt. Fuji (Kofu)|publisher=[[Geospatial Information Authority of Japan]]|language=ja |access-date=February 8, 2011 |archive-date=May 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527082134/http://watchizu.gsi.go.jp/watchizu.html?b=352138.26&l=1384338.52 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Starr |first=Frederick |author-link=Frederick Starr |year=1924 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zWVCAAAAIAAJ&q=starr+climbing+mount+fuji |title=Fujiyama, the Sacred Mountain of Japan |location=Chicago |publisher=Covici-McGee |oclc=4249926 |access-date=September 24, 2016 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305232630/https://books.google.com/books?id=zWVCAAAAIAAJ&q=starr+climbing+mount+fuji |url-status=live }}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |url=http://www.data.jma.go.jp/svd/vois/data/tokyo/STOCK/souran_eng/volcanoes/055_fujisan.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924053754/http://www.data.jma.go.jp/svd/vois/data/tokyo/STOCK/souran_eng/volcanoes/055_fujisan.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=live |title=Fujisan (Mount Fuji) |publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency}}
* [http://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=283030 Fujisan (Mount Fuji)] – Smithsonian Institution: Global Volcanism Program
* [http://sitereports.nabunken.go.jp/en Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan], Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties

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