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{{Thomism}}
'''Thomistic sacramental theology''' is [[Thomas Aquinas|St. Thomas Aquinas]]'s theology of the [[sacraments of the Catholic Church]]. It can be found through his writings in the 13th-century works ''[[Summa contra Gentiles]]'' and in the ''[[Summa Theologiæ]]''.

==General view of the sacraments==
{{see also|Sacraments of the Catholic Church}}
In the Catholic Church, there are seven sacraments: [[Baptism in the Catholic Church|Baptism]], [[Confirmation in the Catholic Church|Confirmation]], [[Holy Eucharist]], [[Penance]], [[Extreme unction]] (also called "Anointing of the Sick"), [[Holy orders in the Catholic Church|Holy Orders]], and [[Marriage in the Catholic Church|Matrimony]].

From ''[[Summa Contra Gentiles]]'', Book 4:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Michael |first=William C. |date=2022-04-18 |title=St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Contra Gentiles, Book IV. Of Salvation |url=https://classicalliberalarts.com/st-thomas-aquinas-summa-contra-gentiles/st-thomas-aquinas-summa-contra-gentiles-book-iv-of-salvation/ |access-date=2022-08-30 |website=Classical Liberal Arts Academy |language=en-US}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|text=since the spiritual remedies of salvation (as was said) have been given to men under sensible signs, it was suitable also to distinguish the remedies provided for the spiritual life after the likeness of bodily life. Now, in bodily life we find a twofold order: for some propagate and order the bodily life in others; and some are propagated and ordered in the bodily life. [...] [I]n the spiritual life, also, the first thing is spiritual generation: by baptism; the second is spiritual growth leading to perfect strength: by the sacrament of confirmation; the third is spiritual nourishment: by the sacrament of the Eucharist. A fourth remains, which is the spiritual healing; it takes place either in the soul alone through the sacrament of penance; or from the soul flows to the body when this is timely, through extreme unction. These, therefore, bear on those who are propagated and preserved in the spiritual life.
<br>[...]  Matrimony, then, in that it consists in the union of a husband and wife purposing to generate and educate offspring for the worship of God, is a sacrament of the Church; hence, also, a certain blessing on those marrying is given by the ministers of the Church.}}

Aquinas also states, in the ''[[Summa Theologica]]'': "a sacrament is nothing else than a sanctification conferred on man with some outward sign. Wherefore, since by receiving orders a consecration is conferred on man by visible signs, it is clear that Order is a sacrament."<ref>{{Cite web |title=SUMMA THEOLOGIAE: The sacrament of Order as to its essence and its parts (Supplementum, Q. 34) |url=https://www.newadvent.org/summa/5034.htm#article3 |access-date=2022-08-30 |website=www.newadvent.org}}</ref>

==See also==
{{wikisource|Summa Theologiae/Third Part/Question 60|Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, "On the Sacraments in general (III qq.60-64)"}}
* [[Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church]]
* [[Baptism (Catholic Church)]]
* [[Confirmation in the Catholic Church]]
* [[Eucharist in the Catholic Church]]
* ''[[Ex opere operato]]''
* [[Holy orders in the Catholic Church]]
* [[Marriage in the Catholic Church]]
* [[Penance]]
* [[Sacramental matter and form]]
* [[Scholasticism]]
* [[Thought of Thomas Aquinas]]
* [[Validity and liceity (Catholic Church)]]

== References ==
<references />

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|author=Liam G. Walsh, [[Dominican Order|OP]] |year=1988 |title=The Sacraments of Christian Initiation. Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist |location=London |publisher=Geoffrey Chapman |isbn=0 225 66499 2 |pages=317}}
* {{cite book|author=Reginald Lynch, OP |year=2017 |url=https://www.academia.edu/33306066 |title=The Cleansing of the Heart: The Sacraments as Instrumental Causes in the Thomistic Tradition |location=Washington, DC |publisher=The Catholic University of America Press}}
* {{cite book |author=Garrigou-Lagrange |date=1950 |first=Reginald |url=https://archive.org/details/realitysynthesis0000garr/page/245/ |title=Reality: A Synthesis of Thomistic thought |location=St. Louis |publisher=Herder |pages=245–71 |chapter=Sixth Part – The Sacraments of the Church |author-link=Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange}}

{{Thomas Aquinas|state=expanded}}
{{Seven Sacraments}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thomas Aquinas And The Sacraments}}
[[Category:Sacramental theology]]
[[Category:Philosophy of religion]]
[[Category:Thomism|S]]

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