Middle Fork River: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 01:45, 18 June 2011
The Middle Fork River is a tributary of the Tygart Valley River, 31 miles (50 km) long, in north-central West Virginia, USA. Via the Tygart Valley, Monongahela and Ohio Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 152 square miles (394 km²) on the easternmost part of the unglaciated portion of the Allegheny Plateau. According to the Geographic Names Information System, the Middle Fork River has also been known simply as "Middle Fork" and as "Middlefork."[1]
Geography
The Middle Fork River is formed at the community of Adolph in western Randolph County by the confluence of headwaters tributaries known as Kittle Creek and Birch Fork, each approximately 6.5 miles (10 km) in length, which rise just north of Kumbrabow State Forest and flow northwardly. Kittle Creek rises on the western slope of Rich Mountain, considered to be part of the westernmost ridge of the Allegheny Mountains and the eastern boundary of the Allegheny Plateau.[2][3][4][5]
From Adolph, the Middle Fork River flows generally northwardly, roughly in parallel to Rich Mountain. The river's course defines part of the boundary between Randolph and Upshur Counties, and then between Upshur and Barbour Counties, before flowing into southern Barbour County, where it joins the Tygart Valley River, approximately five miles (8 km) south of Philippi and a few miles upstream of the mouth of the Buckhannon River.[4] Near its mouth it passes through Audra State Park, which was established in the mid-20th century and provides campsites and a swimming beach along the river.[6] In Upshur County it collects a tributary known as the Right Fork Middle Fork River,[7] which rises in southwestern Randolph County and flows northwardly into eastern Upshur County.[4]
For most of its course, the Middle Fork forms whitewater rapids of Class I to Class IV on the International Scale of River Difficulty. From Audra State Park downstream to its mouth, it forms Class IV rapids.[8] According to the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, approximately 94% of the Middle Fork River's watershed is forested, mostly deciduous, and approximately 4% is used for agriculture and pasture.[9]
Flow rate
At the United States Geological Survey's stream gauge in Audra State Park, the annual mean flow of the river between 1942 and 2005 was 356 ft³/s (10 m³/s). The highest recorded flow during the period was 16,700 ft³/s (473 m³/s) on May 17, 1996. The lowest recorded flow was 0.2 ft³/s (0 m³/s) on several days in October 1953.[10]
See also
References
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
GNISwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
GNISkwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
GNISbwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c West Virginia Atlas & Gazetteer. Yarmouth, Me.: DeLorme. 1997. pp. 36–37, 46–47. ISBN 0-89933-246-3.
- ^ Adkins, Howard G. (2006). "Allegheny Mountains". In Ken Sullivan (ed.) (ed.). The West Virginia Encyclopedia. Charleston, W.Va.: West Virginia Humanities Council. p. 10. ISBN 0-9778498-0-5.
{{cite book}}:|editor=has generic name (help) - ^ Ken Sullivan (ed.), ed. (2006). "Audra State Park". The West Virginia Encyclopedia. Charleston, W.Va.: West Virginia Humanities Council. p. 31. ISBN 0-9778498-0-5.
{{cite book}}:|editor=has generic name (help) - ^ Geographic Names Information System. "Geographic Names Information System entry for Right Fork Middle Fork River (Feature ID #1552662)". Retrieved 2007-03-26.
- ^ Davidson, Paul (1995). Wildwater West Virginia (4th ed. ed.). Birmingham, Ala.: Menasha Ridge Press. pp. 133–136. ISBN 0-89732-156-1.
{{cite book}}:|edition=has extra text (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Cite error: The named reference
WVDEPwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
USGSwas invoked but never defined (see the help page).