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List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS

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This list of the military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) includes experimental, prototypes, and operational types regardless of era. It also includes both native Soviet designs, Soviet-produced copies of foreign designs, and foreign-produced aircraft that served in the military of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and its successor states of the CIS. The service time frame begins with the year the aircraft entered military service (not the date of first flight, as reported by some sources). Stated production quantities, which are often very approximate, include all variants of the aircraft type produced for the USSR, unless otherwise noted.

Wikipedia convention is to use the Soviet or Russian names and designations for these aircraft, not the post-World War II NATO reporting names, although these will be used as redirects to guide the reader to the desired article. The reporting names assigned by Western intelligence agencies listed here are provided for ease of reference; they are by no means complete.

Fighters

[edit]
Type No. Built Service period NATO name Remarks
Alekseyev I-21/211/215 3 – n/a
Bell P-39 Airacobra 4,719 1943–1949 – Lend-Lease from the United States
Bell P-63 Kingcobra 2,397 1944–1950 Fred Lend-Lease from the United States
Curtiss P-40 Tomahawk/Kittyhawk 2,425 1941–1945 – Lend-Lease from the United States
Grigorovich I-1 1 – n/a
Grigorovich I-2 & I-2bis 211 1924–? n/a
Grigorovich DI-3 1 – n/a
Grigorovich I-Z 73 1933–1936 n/a
Grigorovich IP-1 91 ca. 1936–1940 n/a
Heinkel I-7 134 1931–?
Ilyushin I-21 2 – n/a
Kochyerigin DI-6 222 1934–? n/a Two seater
Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Goudkov LaGG-1 ~100 1940–1945? n/a
Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Goudkov LaGG-3 6,258 1940?–1945 n/a
Lavochkin La-5 9,920 1942–1940s? n/a Includes trainers.
Lavochkin La-7 5,753 1944–? Fin Includes trainers.
Lavochkin La-9 1,559–1,895 1946–? Fritz Includes trainers.
Lavochkin La-11 1,182 1948–? Fang
Lavochkin La-15 235 1949–1954 Fantail
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-1 100 1940–? n/a
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3 3,120 1941–1945 n/a Includes propeller-driven MiG-9.
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-9 (jet) 550 1946–? Fargo Includes trainers.
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-13/I-250 10-20 - n/a
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 ~12,000 1949–? Fagot Includes trainers.
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 10,000 1952–1970s Fresco
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19 ~8,500 1955–? Farmer includes foreign production.
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 10,000+ 1959 Fishbed includes foreign production and trainers
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 ~5,000 1970 Flogger
Mikoyan-Gurevich I-75 1 – ? Prototype interceptor lost to Su-9.
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25P 1,190 1972-2007 Foxbat Includes trainers.
Mikoyan MiG-27 1,070 1982 Flogger D/J
Mikoyan MiG-29 1,600+ 1983 Fulcrum Includes trainers.
Mikoyan MiG-31 ~500 1982 Foxhound
Mikoyan MiG-33 – – Fulcrum E MiG-29M marketing designation.
Mikoyan MiG-35 – – Fulcrum F Prototype for export.
Mikoyan LMFS 1.27 – – Light Multi-function Frontal Aircraft.
Mikoyan-Gurevich Ye-152A 1 1960–1965 Flipper Final MiG-21 experimental model.
Polikarpov I-1 35 - n/a not used
Polikarpov I-3 389 1929–1935 n/a
Polikarpov I-5 803 1931–1942 n/a
Polikarpov I-6 2 - n/a prototype for I-5
Polikarpov I-15 "Chaika" 7,175+ 1935–1944 n/a
Polikarpov I-16 "Ishak" 9,004+ 1935–1940s n/a Possibly 7364 fighters and 1895 trainers built.
Polikarpov I-17 3 – n/a prototypes only
Sukhoi Su-1/I-330 1 1940 n/a high-altitude fighter prototype.
Sukhoi Su-1/I-360 1 1941 n/a Su-1 with revised wing, did not fly.
Sukhoi Su-5/I-107 1 1945 n/a mixed-power propeller/motorjet prototype.
Sukhoi Su-7 (1944) 1 1944–1945 n/a Mixed-power interceptor developed from attack Su-6.
Sukhoi Su-7 < 200 1956–? Fitter-A Swept-wing 'Fitter' model.
Sukhoi Su-9 < 1,100 1959-1970 Fishpot-A/B
Sukhoi Su-11 108 1964–1983 Fishpot-C Improved Su-9, some modified from Su-9.
Sukhoi Su-15 < 1,500 1967–1992 Flagon Include trainers. Su-15TM not redesignated Su-21.
Sukhoi Su-27 ~680 1984 Flanker includes exports and trainers
Sukhoi Su-30 630+ 1992 Flanker-C/G/H Interceptor, was Su-27PU.
Sukhoi Su-33 ~35 1994 Flanker-D Includes trainer; carrier fighter, was Su-27K.
Sukhoi Su-35 151 1997 Flanker-E Was Su-27M.
Sukhoi Su-37 2 – Flanker-F cancelled Su-35 development.
Sukhoi Su-47 – – Firkin Technology demonstrator
Sukhoi Su-57 35 2020 Felon 25 Su-57 Felon Serial + 10 Prototypes
Tupolev I-4 369 1928–1933 n/a
Tupolev Tu-28/Tu-128 198 1965–1992 Fiddler-A/B
Yakovlev Yak-1 ~8,720 1940–1945 n/a Includes trainers.
Yakovlev Yak-3 4,848 1944–1945 n/a Includes trainers.
Yakovlev Yak-9 16,769 1942–? Frank Includes trainers.
Yakovlev Yak-15 ~280 1947–? Feather
Yakovlev Yak-17 430 1948–? Feather Includes trainers.
Yakovlev Yak-23 310 1949–1950s Flora Replaced by MiG-15.
Yakovlev Yak-25 480 1955–1967 Flashlight
Yakovlev Yak-28P ~1,700 1967–1980s Firebar
Yakovlev Yak-38 231 1976–1991 Forger VTOL carrier fighter
Supermarine Spitfire Vb 143 1943 n/a British War-Aid
Supermarine Spitfire IX 1200 1943-1947 n/a British War-Aid
Hawker Hurricane IIA 196 1941-? n/a British War-Aid
Hawker Hurricane IIB 1606 1941-? n/a British War-Aid
Hawker Hurricane IIC 1136 1941-? n/a British War-Aid
Hawker Hurricane IID 46 1942-? n/a British War-Aid
Hawker Hurricane IV 30 1943-? n/a British War-Aid

Attack

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Type No. Service period NATO name Remarks
Ilyushin Il-2 "Sturmovik" 29,937 1941–1950s Bark Excludes Il-10.
Ilyushin Il-10 5,026 1944–1956 Beast Excludes Czech production; includes trainers.
Ilyushin Il-40 2 1953 Brawny Prototypes only.
Kochyerigin LBSh 2 1939 n/a Prototypes only. Cancelled in favor of Il-2
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 5,047 1970–1998 Flogger Includes 3,630 fighters and trainers, but excludes MiG-27s.
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25BM ~100 1982–? Foxbat-F SEAD variant.
Mikoyan MiG-27 925 1975 Flogger-D/J Excludes Indian production. Ground-attack MiG-23.
Polikarpov I-15 "Chaika" > 7,175 1935–1944 n/a
Polikarpov I-16 "Ishak" > 9,004 1935–1940s n/a Possibly 7,364 fighters and 1,895 trainers built.
Sukhoi Su-2 > 500 1940–1942 n/a Later used as squadron hacks.
Sukhoi Su-7B 1,700–1,800 1961–1986 Fitter-A Includes trainers and ~600 exports.
Sukhoi Su-17 "Strizh" 2,867 1971 Fitter Includes 500+ for export and trainers.
Sukhoi Su-24 "Chemodan" 1,400 1974 Fencer 700+ for the USSR, includes 110+ reconnaissance variants.
Sukhoi Su-25 "Grach" >580 1981 Frogfoot Includes trainers; ~80 being upgraded to Su-25SM.
Sukhoi Su-25T/Su-25TM/Su-39 20 1996 Frogfoot 20 Su-25T built; 8 upgraded to Su-39TM.
Sukhoi Su-30M 500+ 1990s Flanker-F (Variant 2) Multirole Su-27; 4+ built.
Sukhoi Su-34/Su-27IB/Su-32FN 74 2014 Fullback Deliveries ongoing.
Yakovlev Yak-7 6,339 1942–? n/a Includes trainers.
Yakovlev Yak-38 231 1976-1994 Forger Naval VTOL fighter-bomber.

Bombers

[edit]
Type No. Service period NATO name Remarks
Archangelski Ar-2 ? 1940–1941 n/a Refined Tupolev SB
Bolkhovitinov DB-A 14 1935–?
Douglas A-20 Havoc 2,908 1940s Box Lend-lease from the United States.
Ilyushin DB-3 1,528 1936–? n/a Excludes Il-4.
Ilyushin Il-4 5,256 1941-1950s Bob Includes trainers.
Ilyushin Il-28 2,000+ 1950–1980s Beagle excludes Chinese Hong H-5 version.
Ilyushin Il-54/Il-149 1 – Blowlamp Cancelled.
Myasishchev M-4 "Molot" – 1955-1960s Bison 93 all variants, few used; most converted to M-4-2 tankers.
M-50/M-52 2 1957 Bounder Prototypes only.
North American B-25C/D/S/G/J 866 1941 Bank Lend-lease from the United States.
Petlyakov Pe-2 "Peschka" 11,427 1941-1950s Buck Includes trainers.
Petlyakov Pe-8/TB-7 ~96 1941–1950s n/a 93 or 96 built.
Polikarpov R-1 & R-2 2,800+ 1924–1934 n/a Airco DH.9A copy.
Tupolev DB-1 18 1934–1937 n/a development of ANT-25
Tupolev SB "Katyusha" 6,656 1936–1944 n/a Includes trainers.
Tupolev TB-1 212 1929–? n/a
Tupolev TB-3 818 1930–1942 n/a Also mothership for parasite I-16s
Tupolev Tu-2 2,527 1943–1950 Bat
Tupolev Tu-4 847 1949–1960s Bull Boeing B-29 Superfortress copy.
Tupolev Tu-12/Tu-77 4 1947–1950 n/a No production.
Tupolev Tu-14 ~100 1949–? Bosun Include reconnaissance and torpedo bomber versions; most to the navy.
Tupolev Tu-16 1,507+ 1954–1993 Badger
Tupolev Tu-22 "Shilo" ~250-300 1962 Blinder Excludes Tu-22M 'Backfire', Includes trainers.
Tupolev Tu-22M ~500 1972 Backfire
Tupolev Tu-73 1 1947–1948 n/a Enlarged Tu-72 naval bomber.
Tupolev Tu-80 1 1949 n/a Improved Tu-4.
Tupolev Tu-82/Tu-22 1 – Butcher
Tupolev Tu-85 2 – Barge Final Tu-4 refinement.
Tupolev Tu-91 – – Boot 1954 prototype naval bomber
Tupolev Tu-95 300+ 1956–1997 Bear Includes trainers.
Tupolev Tu-95MS – 1984 Bear-H Tu-142 airframe.
Tupolev Tu-98 2 – Backfin 1955 Technology demonstrator.
Tupolev Tu-160 16 1987 Blackjack
Tu PAK DA – ? – No prototypes
Yakovlev Yak-2 111 1940–? n/a
Yakovlev Yak-4 90 1941–1945 n/a Night bomber later used for reconnaissance.
Yakovlev Yak-26 9 ? Flashlight-B Version of Yak-25 interceptor.
Yakovlev Yak-28 ~700 1960–1994 Brewer
Yermolayev Yer-2 ~320 1941–? n/a

Reconnaissance

[edit]
Type No. Service period NATO name Remarks
Antonov An-30 – 1974 Clank Aerial survey; few built.
Ilyushin Il-28R – ? Beagle
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21R – 1965 Fishbed-H
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25R – 1970 Foxbat 1190 built all variants.
Myasishchev M-17/M-55 "Geofizika" 6+ 1982 Mystic-A/B Was ELINT, One used for meteorological research.
Neman R-10 490 1937–1943 n/a
Polikarpov R-1 & R-2 2,800+ 1924–1934 n/a Airco DH.9A copy. Also light bomber.
Polikarpov R-5 490 1928–1944 n/a
Polikarpov R-Z 1,031 1935–1941? n/a Improved R-5.
Sukhoi Su-17R "Strizh" – ? Fitter Some Su-17M used reconnaissance pods. Su-20R was export only.
Sukhoi Su-24MR 110+ 1985 Fencer-E
Tupolev R-3 103 1926–? n/a
Tupolev R-6 7,000+ 1929–? n/a All variants.
Tupolev R-7 1 ? n/a 1930 prototype
Tupolev Tu-16R 1,507+ ? Badger-E
Tupolev Tu-22R 127 1962–? Blinder-C
Yakovlev Yak-4 90 1941–1945 n/a Reassigned to reconnaissance.
Yakovlev Yak-25RV 165 1959–1974 Mandrake Two unmanned variants.
Yakovlev Yak-27R ~160-180 1960–? Mangrove
Yakovlev Yak-28R 220+ 1960s-1990s Brewer-D

Maritime patrol

[edit]
Type No. Service period NATO name Remarks
Antonov An-72P – 1987 Coaler
Beriev Be-2/KOR-1 – 1938–1942 Mote Cruiser floatplane
Beriev Be-4/KOR-2 – 1941–? Mug Flying boat
Beriev Be-6 – 1949–1960s Madge Flying boat
Beriev Be-10 – 1956–? Mallow Jet flying boat; few produced.
Beriev Be-12 "Chaika" – 1961 Mail Amphibious
Beriev Be-42/Be-44 "Albatros" – 1989 Mermaid Amphibious
Consolidated PBY/PBN "Catalina" – 1939-? Mop Amphibious
Ilyushin Il-38 ~100 1971 May Some with the Indian Navy.
Myasishchev 3M/3MD "Molot" 93 1956–1980s Bison-B/C Converted to tankers.
Tupolev Tu-16PL/R/RM/SP 1,507+ ?–1994 Badger-D/E/F
Tupolev Tu-95MR 12 1970s Bear-E
Tupolev Tu-142/Tu-142M – 1972 Bear-F

Airborne early warning and control

[edit]
Type No. Service period NATO name Remarks
An-71 3 1985–1991 Madcap Cancelled
Beriev A-50 "Shmel" ~40 1986 Mainstay Modified IL-76
Ilyushin Il-18D/V 7+ ? Coot-B 5+ Il-18D and 2 Il-18V built.
Ilyushin Il-18D-36 "Bizon" 20+ 1970s–? Coot-B
Ilyushin Il-22M-11 "Zebra" 21+ 1987 Coot-B
Ilyushin Il-76VKP/Il-82 2 1990s –
Ilyushin Il-86VKP/Il-87 Aimak 4+ 1990s Maxdome
Tupolev Tu-126 8 1968–1980s Moss Modified Tu-114 airliner
Tupolev Tu-142MR 10+ 1980 Bear-J

Electronic warfare

[edit]
Type No. Service period NATO name Remarks
Antonov An-12B-PP/BK-IS/-PP/-PPS 150+ 1964 Cub-A/B/C/D EW
Antonov An-26M – ? Curl ELINT;
Antonov An-26RM/RTR/RR 42+ 1986 Curl-B SIGINT/COMINT variants.
Ilyushin Il-20RT – 1978 Coot-A ELINT variant.
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25RB – ? Foxbat ELINT variants
Sukhoi Su-24MP 12-24 1980s Fencer-F ELINT variant.
Tupolev Tu-16Ye/P/SPS and "Elka" – ?–1994 Badger-A/H/J/K/L
Tupolev Tu-22P 47 ? Blinder-E
Tupolev Tu-22MR 20+ 1990s Backfire Conversions
Tupolev Tu-95RT 45 1960s Bear-D
Yakovlev Yak-28PP 120+ 1970-1990s Brewer-E Escort jammer

Transport and liaison

[edit]
Type No. Service period NATO name Remarks
Antonov An-2 "Annushka" 5000+ 1947 Colt Many other operators, excludes Polish production.
Antonov An-8 151 1956–2004 Camp
Antonov An-10 "Ukraine" 108 1957–1972 Cat Passenger version of An-12 cargo.
Antonov An-12 1,253 1959 Cub
Antonov An-14 "Pchelka" ~300 1958–? Clod Most for Aeroflot, some to military.
Antonov An-22 "Antei" 66 1967 Cock
Antonov An-24 ~1,465 1963 Coke
Antonov An-26 1,398 1969 Curl
Antonov An-28 191 1969 Cash Built in Poland.
Antonov An-30 123 1968 Clank Mapping development of An-24/An-26.
Antonov An-32 357 1977 Cline Re-engined An-26.
Antonov An-72A "Cheburashka" – 1987 Coaler-C 180+ An-72 and An-74 built; in production
Antonov An-74 "Cheburashka" – 1990s Coaler-B 180+ An-72 and An-74 built; in production
Antonov An-124 "Ruslan" 56 1986 Condor
Antonov An-225 "Mriya" 1 1989–2022 Cossack Operated commercially from 2001-2022. The An-225 was destroyed in the Battle of Antonov Airport during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Ilyushin Il-12 663 1945–? Coach Most for Aeroflot, some to military.
Ilyushin Il-14 1,000+ 1953–? Crate
Ilyushin Il-18 ~25 1965–? Coot ~25 used as VIP transports.
Ilyushin Il-62M 20+ 1974 Classic
Ilyushin Il-76 900+ 1978 Candid
Ilyushin Il-86 103 1977–1994 Camber
Ilyushin Il-96PU 2 2003 – Two used by Russian president
Ilyushin Il-112VT – – – under development
Kharkiv KhAI-5 60+ 1940–? n/a converted bomber
Lisunov Li-2 2,000+ – Cab License-built Douglas DC-3.
Polikarpov Po-2 ~30,000 1929–? Mule Utility biplane
Tupolev PS-9 ~70 1933–? n/a
Tupolev Tu-104 200 1955–? Camel
Tupolev Tu-110 3 1957 Cooker Used as testbeds.
Tupolev Tu-114 "Rossiya" 31 1957–1975 Cleat
Tupolev Tu-124 165 1960–? Cookpot Some used as trainers (Tu-124Sh-1 and Sh-2).
Tupolev Tu-134BSh/UBL – ? Crusty Tu-22M and Tu-160 crew trainer .
Tupolev Tu-154M – ?–2006 Careless Some used as VIP transports.
Tupolev Tu-204/214 68 1995 – Number includes Tupolev Tu-214.
Yakovlev Yak-6 381 1942–1950 Crib Light bomber and transport.
Yakovlev Yak-10 40(?) 1945–1947 Crow Was Yak-14.
Yakovlev Yak-12 3,801 1947–? Creek Yak-10 development.
Yakovlev Yak-14 413 1948–? n/a Glider
Yakovlev Yak-16 – 1948–? Cork Some used for training
Yakovlev Yak-40 – 1968 Codling A few dozen used by military
Yakovlev Yak-42 – 1980 Clobber Tu-134 replacement

Tankers

[edit]
Type No. Service period NATO name Remarks
Ilyushin Il-76MDK – – – Planned tanker conversion
Ilyushin Il-78/Il-78M up to 30 1989 Midas Converted airliner
Myasishchev 3MS-2/3MN-2 "Molot" – ?–1990s Bison Converted bomber
Myasishchev M-4-2 "Molot" – ?–1994 Bison Converted bomber
Tupolev Tu-16D/N/Z – ?–1996 Badger-A

Trainers

[edit]
Type No. Service period NATO name Remarks
Aero L-29 "Delphin" 2,000+ 1963 Maya Czechoslovakian jet.
Aero L-39 "Albatros" – 1972 n/a Czechoslovakian jet
Avro 504 (U-1) 700+ 1918–? n/a
Ilyushin Il-28U – ?–1980s Mascot
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15UTI – ?–1970s Midget
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21U – 1962 Mongol
Polikarpov U-2 ~30,000 1929–? Mule Also used by other operators
North American AT-6 82 ? – Lend-Lease from the United States
Sukhoi Su-7U – ?–1980s Moujik
Sukhoi Su-9U ~50 1962–1970s Maiden
Sukhoi Su-11U – ?–1983 Maiden
Yakovlev UT-1 1,241 1936–? n/a
Yakovlev UT-2 7,243 1937–1950s Mink Main World War II basic trainer.
Yakovlev Yak-7U 6,399 ? Mark
Yakovlev Yak-11 4,566 1946–1962 Moose
Yakovlev Yak-17UTI ~430 ? Magnet
Yakovlev Yak-18 9,000+ 1946 Max
Yakovlev Yak-28U – ?–1994 Maestro
Yakovlev Yak-30 4 – Magnum lost to L-29 Delfin.
Yakovlev Yak-52 ~1,800 1976 n/a

Helicopters

[edit]
Type No. Service period NATO name Remarks
Kamov Ka-15/Ka-18 – – Hen
Kamov Ka-20 – – Harp
Kamov Ka-22 "Vintokryl" – – Hoop
Kamov Ka-25 140 1960s Hormone For the Soviet Navy
Kamov Ka-26 816+ 1970 Hoodlum-A number includes military and civilian examples.
Kamov Ka-226 "Sergei" ~10 – Hoodlum-C ~10 on order for the Russian Navy.
Kamov Ka-27/Ka-29 267 1982 Helix All variants, 59 Ka-29 troop transports.
Kamov Ka-31 – 2003? Helix 'B' Naval AEW Platform
Kamov Ka-32 170+ 2006 Helix 'C' umber includes military and civilian examples.
Kamov Ka-50 "Chernaya Akula" 8 1995 Hokum-A Prototypes
Kamov Ka-52 100 2012 Hokum-B
Mil Mi-1 < 1,800 1951–? Hare Production transferred to Poland. Military and civilian use
PZL Mi-2 5,250+ 1965 Hoplite built in Poland for military and civilian use.
Mil Mi-4 < 3,500 1953–? Hound Produced for military and civil use and exported.
Mil Mi-6/Mi-22 ~860 1960 Hook Produced for military and civil use and exported.
Mil Mi-8 17,000+ 1967 Hip All variants including Mi-17 (see below) and exports.
Mil Mi-9/Mi-19 – 1977 Hip-G/? Mi-8/Mi-17 Airborne command post
Mil Mi-10 55+ 1963 Harke In civilian use by NPO-Vzylot
Mil Mi-14 ~75-100 1975 Haze
Mil Mi-17/Mi-8M ? 1977 Hip-H
Mil Mi-24 "Krokodil" 5,200+ 1973 Hind includes exports, Mi-24V redesignated as Mi-35
Mil Mi-26 ~300 1982 Halo
Mil Mi-28 "'Ночной охотник'" 24 2009 Havoc more planned
Yakovlev Yak-24 ~100 1952–? Horse

Experimental

[edit]
Type No. Service period NATO name Remarks
Antonov An-74AEW/An-71 1 – Madcap Prototype AEW variant.
Beriev A-60 2 – – Laser-armed Il-76MD.
Bisnovat 5 2 – – Rocket research aircraft.
Mikoyan-Gurevich I-270 2 – n/a 1945 rocket interceptor, cancelled.
Mikoyan Project 1.44 1 – Flatpack Technology demonstrator.
Mil V-12 2 – Homer Prototype helicopter.
Myasishchev M-50/M-52 2 – Bounder Cancelled intercontinental bomber.
OKB-1 EF 140 1 – – Junkers jet bomber development.
Sukhoi Su-47/S-37 "Berkut" 1 – Firkin Forward-swept wing demonstrator.
Sukhoi T-4 1 – – Reconnaissance/strike/interceptor, cancelled.
Tupolev I-12 1 – – 1931 fighter armed with recoilless 76 mm cannons.
Yakovlev Yak-36 4 – Freehand 1960s experimental VTOL aircraft; only 2 flown.
Yakovlev Yak-141 4 – Freestyle VTOL fighter; only 2 flown; cancelled.

See also

[edit]
[edit]
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