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*"[[Agabus]]": most likely the same prophet from [[Jerusalem]] who came to [[Antioch]] some years before as mentioned in {{bibleverse|Acts|11:28|KJV}}.{{sfn|Alexander|2007|p=1054}}<ref name=gill>[[John Gill (theologian)|Gill, John]]. [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/gill/acts/21.htm ''Exposition of the Entire Bible''. Acts 21.] Accessed 24 April 2019.</ref> Luke doesn't make any cross reference with the previous encounter and presents Agabus here "so indefinitely", because this was perhaps the first time that he had actually seen the prophet and recorded this meeting in the "we" section of the book.{{sfn|Alexander|2007|p=1054}}<ref name=expositor>[http://biblehub.com/commentaries/egt/acts/21.htm Expositor's Greek Testament. Acts 21]. Accessed 24 April 2019.</ref>
*"[[Agabus]]": most likely the same prophet from [[Jerusalem]] who came to [[Antioch]] some years before as mentioned in {{bibleverse|Acts|11:28|KJV}}.{{sfn|Alexander|2007|p=1054}}<ref name=gill>[[John Gill (theologian)|Gill, John]]. [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/gill/acts/21.htm ''Exposition of the Entire Bible''. Acts 21.] Accessed 24 April 2019.</ref> Luke doesn't make any cross reference with the previous encounter and presents Agabus here "so indefinitely", because this was perhaps the first time that he had actually seen the prophet and recorded this meeting in the "we" section of the book.{{sfn|Alexander|2007|p=1054}}<ref name=expositor>[http://biblehub.com/commentaries/egt/acts/21.htm Expositor's Greek Testament. Acts 21]. Accessed 24 April 2019.</ref>


== Verse 13 ==
==Verse 13==
: ''Then Paul answered, “What do you mean by weeping and breaking my heart? For I am ready not only to be bound, but also to die at Jerusalem for the name of the Lord [[Jesus]].”''<ref>{{bibleverse||Acts|21:13|NKJV}}</ref>
: ''Then Paul answered, do you mean by weeping and breaking my heart? For I am ready not only to be bound, but also to die at Jerusalem for the name of the Lord [[Jesus]].''<ref>{{|Acts|21:13|NKJV}}</ref>
Paul's response echoes Peter's words to [[Jesus]], "''Lord, I am ready to go with thee both into prison, and to death''" ({{bibleverse|Luke|22:33|KJV}} KJV).<ref name=pulpit/>


==Verse 18==
==Verse 18==

Revision as of 20:01, 7 November 2019

Acts 21
Acts 15:22–24 in Latin (left column) and Greek (right column) in Codex Laudianus, written about AD 550.
BookActs of the Apostles
CategoryChurch history
Christian Bible partNew Testament
Order in the Christian part5

Acts 21 is the twenty-first chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the end of Paul's third missionary journey and his arrival and reception in Jerusalem. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke.[1]

Text

Originally written in Koine Greek, this chapter is divided into 40 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:

Locations

class=notpageimage|
Places mentioned in (blue) and related to (black) this chapter.

This chapter mentions the following places (in order of appearance):

Journey: Miletus to Jerusalem (21:1–16)

This "we" section (which includes the narrator) resumes the record with the 'customary wealth of detail: the itemized stages of the voyage, and the redundant detail of ships and cargoes', following Paul's journey from Miletus, stopping in Tyre (verse 3), Ptolemais (verse 7), Caesarea (verse 8) before heading to Jerusalem (verse 15), incorporating 'prophetic warnings' (verses 4, 11) and 'solemn farewell' (verses 6, 14) to 'exemplify and reinforce the tone of Paul's address in Acts 20:23 while presenting Paul as a "martyr", who 'exhibits a properly philosophical courage in the face of death, whereas his friends 'can only acquiesce in the divine will' (verse 14).[2] It is comparable to the scene of Socrates' death (in Plato's Phaedo, 1170-1) with his last words: 'If so it is pleasing to God, so let it be' (Epict. Diss. 1.29.18-19).[2]

Verse 8

And the next day we that were of Paul's company departed, and came to Caesarea: and we entered into the house of Philip the evangelist, which was one of the seven; and stayed with him.[3]
  • "Philip the evangelist": a different title than "Philip the deacon" as he was previously known (Acts 6:5), showing that his work of 'superintending the distribution of alms' ("serving tables"; cf. Acts 6:2–3) had been 'merged' in the 'work of a missionary preacher'.[4]

Verse 10

And as we tarried there many days, there came down from Judaea a certain prophet, named Agabus.[5]
  • "Agabus": most likely the same prophet from Jerusalem who came to Antioch some years before as mentioned in Acts 11:28.[2][6] Luke doesn't make any cross reference with the previous encounter and presents Agabus here "so indefinitely", because this was perhaps the first time that he had actually seen the prophet and recorded this meeting in the "we" section of the book.[2][7]

Verse 13

Then Paul answered, "What do you mean by weeping and breaking my heart? For I am ready not only to be bound, but also to die at Jerusalem for the name of the Lord Jesus."[8]

Paul's response echoes Peter's words to Jesus, "Lord, I am ready to go with thee both into prison, and to death" (Luke 22:33 KJV).[9]

Verse 18

On the following day Paul went in with us to James, and all the elders were present.[10]

The James who Paul met with here was James, known as "the brother of Jesus", and also known as "James the Just". The murder of James, the son of Zebedee and brother of John the Apostle, had been reported in Acts 12:2, and this James, the new leader of 'the brethren', was referred to in Acts 12:17. Some commentators identify him with James the son of Alphaeus who had served as one of the twelve apostles (Matthew 10:3), for example Matthew Poole suggested that James was 'one of the apostles',[11] but others disagree. The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges [12] states "There was not any Apostle there or St Luke would hardly have failed to mention the fact, as he was one of those present" and William Robertson Nicoll, in the Expositor's Greek Testament, likewise argued that "Nothing is said of the Apostles"[13] Hans Hinrich Wendt suggested that the presence of [some of] the apostles was encompassed within the reference to 'elders', but this view is contested by Nicoll.[13]

Verses 27–29

Jerusalem Temple Warning inscription from the Second Temple period (23 BCE-70 CE), stating in Greek language that no foreigner should go within the holy place of the Temple complex,[14] which is related to Acts 21:28–29.
27Now when the seven days were almost ended, the Jews from Asia, seeing him in the temple, stirred up the whole crowd and laid hands on him, 28crying out, “Men of Israel, help! This is the man who teaches all men everywhere against the people, the law, and this place; and furthermore he also brought Greeks into the temple and has defiled this holy place.” 29(For they had previously seen Trophimus the Ephesian with him in the city, whom they supposed that Paul had brought into the temple.)[15]
  • "Trophimus": one of Paul's companions, is called Asianoi ("of Asia"), that is, natives of the Roman province of Asia in Acts 20:4 and also termed an "Ephesian" and a "Gentile/Greek" in Acts 21.[16]

Verse 38

[The commander says to Paul:] "Are you not the Egyptian who some time ago stirred up a rebellion and led the four thousand assassins out into the wilderness?"[17]

Verse 39

But Paul said, “I am a Jew from Tarsus, in Cilicia, a citizen of no mean city; and I implore you, permit me to speak to the people.”[20]

See also

References

  1. ^ Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d Alexander 2007, p. 1054.
  3. ^ Acts 21:8 KJV
  4. ^ Ellicott, C. J. (Ed.) Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers. Acts 21. London : Cassell and Company, Limited, [1905-1906] Online version: (OCoLC) 929526708. Accessed 28 April 2019.
  5. ^ Acts 21:8 KJV
  6. ^ Gill, John. Exposition of the Entire Bible. Acts 21. Accessed 24 April 2019.
  7. ^ Expositor's Greek Testament. Acts 21. Accessed 24 April 2019.
  8. ^ Acts 21:13 NKJV
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference pulpit was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Acts 21:18 NKJV
  11. ^ Poole, M., Matthew Poole's Commentary on Acts 21, accessed 17 October 2015
  12. ^ Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Acts 21, accessed 17 October 2015
  13. ^ a b Nicoll, W. R., Expositor's Greek Testament on Acts 21, accessed 17 October 2015
  14. ^ Ancient Temple Mount ‘warning’ stone is ‘closest thing we have to the Temple’. By Ilan Ben Zion, Times of Israel, 22 October 2015. Quote: Carved in bold Greek letters, 2,000-year-old Herodian inscription marked off the section of Jerusalem's most sacred site where gentiles couldn't go -- and shows they were welcome elsewhere in holy area.
  15. ^ Acts 21:27–29 NKJV
  16. ^ "www.Bibler.org - Dictionary - Trophimus". 2012-07-26.
  17. ^ Acts 21:38 NKJV
  18. ^ Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 20.8.6. Quote: Moreover, there came out of Egypt about this time to Jerusalem one that said he was a prophet, and advised the multitude of the common people to go along with him to the Mount of Olives, as it was called, which lay over against the city, and at the distance of five furlongs. He said further, that he would show them from hence how, at his command, the walls of Jerusalem would fall down; and he promised them that he would procure them an entrance into the city through those walls, when they were fallen down. Now when Felix was informed of these things, he ordered his soldiers to take their weapons, and came against them with a great number of horsemen and footmen from Jerusalem, and attacked the Egyptian and the people that were with him. He also slew four hundred of them, and took two hundred alive. But the Egyptian himself escaped out of the fight, but did not appear any more.
  19. ^ Bauckham, Richard (2017). Jesus and the Eyewitnesses (2nd ed.). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 82. ISBN 9780802874313.
  20. ^ Acts 21:39
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