Colombia #1 Cattle Breeds

1-As stated in the fourth volume of the Herd Book of the UK's Angus, this breed was introduced to Argentina in 1879 when "Don Carlos Guerrero" imported one bull and two cows for his Estancia "Charles" located in Juancho, Partido de General Madariaga, Provincia de Buenos Aires. The bull was born on April 19, 1878; named "Virtuoso 1626" and raised by Colonel Ferguson. The cows were named "Aunt Lee 4697" raised by J. James and "Cinderela 4968" raised by R. Walker and were both born in 1878, on January 31 and April 23, respectively. 2-The Blanco Orejinegro (meaning: white black-eared) are of the Crillo type and come from the Antioquia region of Colombia. They are white with black points. The coloration of the breed has lead to speculation as to its ancestory with possible connections to Wild White, Swedish Mountain, Trondheim, Mauritius or White Italian cattle considered possible. A more likely origin is that the breed was simply selected for the color pattern over a period of time. The breed is used for draft and dairy purposes on the coffee plantations of the area as well as pack animals in the mountains. Although decreasing in numbers it is the most numerous Crillo breed found in Columbia. Mature Blanco Orejinegro cows weight approximately 500 kg and bulls vary from 600 to 800 kg. 3-The Australian Braford is a breed of beef cattle, developed in Queensland between 1946 and 1952 in a program to produce cattle that were resistant to cattle ticks and tolerated the heat better than some other breeds. The Braford breed originated at ‘Edengarry’ north of Rockhampton in Queensland in 1946 when the Rea Brothers introduced Brahman bulls into their Hereford breeders to help combat the effects of drought and ticks. Brafords have a small hump, loose skin and a short coat that is red and white, possessing a colour pattern similar to that of Hereford cattle. Australian Brafords may be horned or polled.The genetic background of the breed is approximately 50 per cent Hereford and 50 per cent Brahman. Brafords are mainly found in NSW and Queensland Australia. Braford semen has been exported into South America and South Africa. Live cattle exports have been made into Indonesia and Thailand. 4-The Brangus breed was developed to utilize the superior traits of Angus and Brahman cattle. Their genetics are stabilized at 3/8 Brahman and 5/8 Angus. The combination results in a breed which unites the traits of two highly successful parent breeds. The Brahman, through rigorous natural selection, developed disease resistance, overall hardiness and outstanding maternal instincts. Angusare known for their superior carcass qualities. They are also extremely functional females which excel in both fertility and milking ability. How It All Began A review of the development the Brangus breed would take us back beyond the founding of the American Brangus Breeders Association in 1949; however, registered Brangus descend from the foundation animals recorded that year or registered Brahman and Angus cattle enrolled since then. Much of the early work in crossing Brahman and Angus cattle was done at the USDA Experiment Station in Jeanerette, Louisiana. According to the USDA 1935 Yearbook in Agriculture the research with these crossed started about 1932 During the same period, Clear Creek Ranch of Welch, Oklahoma and Grenada, Mississippi, Raymond Pope of Vinita, Oklahoma, the Essar Ranch of San Antonio, Texas, and a few individual breeders in other parts of the United States and Canada were also carrying on private experimental breeding programs. They were looking for a desirable beef-type animal that would retain the Brahman's natural ability to thrive under adverse conditions in combination with the excellent qualities for which the Angus are noted. The early breeders from 16 states and Canada met in Vinita, Oklahoma, on July 2, 1949, and organized the American Brangus Breeders Association, later renamed the International Brangus Breeders Association (IBBA), with headquarters in Kansas City, Missouri, and eventually San Antonio, Texas, where the permanent headquarters has been located since January, 1973. There are now members in nearly every state, Canada, Mexico, Australia, Central America, Argentina, and South Rhodesia in Africa. Registered Brangus must be 3/8 Brahman and 5/8 Angus, solid black and polled. Both sire and dam must be recorded with the International Brangus Breeders Association. Foundation Angus and Brahman cattle must be registered in their respective breed association prior to being enrolled with the IBBA. Intermediate crosses necessary to reach the 3/8 - 5/8 percentage are certified by the IBBA. In recent years, the major portion of the Brangus registered are from Brangus parents, but an increasing number of foundation Brahman and Angus are being enrolled as the breed achieves greater recognition. Interest in developing breeds of cattle carrying some percentage of Brahman breeding for the general improvement of the commercial cattle of the United States speaks well for the apparent advantages that Bos indicus cattle have in areas of high heat and humidity. Research at Louisiana has indicated that Brangus cows increased their weights during the summer months while Angus cows lost weight, indicating that they were more adapted to coastal climates. Calves from Brangus were heavier at birth and weaning and for total pounds produced per cow. The Angus had an advantage in conception rate and calved earlier, and the calves were more vigorous at birth and survived better to weaning. The breed have proven resistant to heat and high humidity. Under conditions of cool and cold climate they seem to produce enough hair for adequate protection. The cows are good mothers and the calves are usually of medium size at birth. The cattle respond well to conditions of abundant feed but have exhibited hardiness under conditions of stress. 5-CAQUETEÑO The current population is less than 200 animals. It was developed in the Colombian Amazon, department of Caquetá. The prevailing conditions of the region are those of the humid and very humid tropical forest, with poor, acidic, clayey soils, with low contents of organic matter and minerals and with high interchangeable aluminum content. The Caquetaño, very possibly is the product of the hybridization of the cattle colonizers of Caquetá (Sanmartinero, Hartón del Valle and Romosinuano). It is a race of average size of color that varies between the light bay and cherry red, with short and fine hair; The majority of females and, to a lesser extent, males present an umbilical fold, which could indicate a certain influence of cebuin inheritance; however, in DNA studies no degree of genetic introgression of Cebu cattle was found. 6-CASANARE It is estimated that the pure population is less than 421 animals. The zone of influence is the flood plain or savanna of the departments of Arauca and Casanare, characterized by having acid soils with extreme droughts and floods; forages of poor nutritional quality, extractive management systems, few or no inputs; the temperature can exceed 35 ° C; the precipitation oscillates between 1,600 and 3,500 mm. These environmental and management characteristics produced a bovine of nervous temperament, small in size, but supremely adept at surviving and reproducing in such conditions. The color of the coat is varied, but with predominance of animals with only one color of the coat, from black to light yellow. It has large horns, straight and narrow dorsal line, thin and strong limbs, which enable it to cover long distances in search of food and water. 7-The Chino Santandereano (aka Santander Hairless) is a local Criollo variety with some zebu blood — so it belongs to the Criollo cross cattle group. The Chino Santandereano has a very short coat that is tan to reddish in color. Criollo cattle: Northwestern Blond Iberian Spanish cattle became Canary Island cattle – some of which were brought by Columbus in 1493 to Santo Domingo (which is now the capitol of the Dominican Republic). More and more cattle were brought by Spanish ships and these cattle then spread throughout the islands of the Caribbean and became known as Criollo cattle. It was into Mexico in 1521 that Criollo cattle were brought to the mainland for the first time (supposedly from Santo Domingo) – and it's from Mexico that the Criollo then spread into the Americas. 8-COSTEÑO con CUERNOS (CCC) The population (1999) was of only 416 animals. It adapts well to the varied conditions of the North Coast of Colombia, from the very fertile, humid and flat waters of the Sinu River Valley; the poor, arid and undulating, of the savannahs of Bolívar; the floods of the valley of the Magdalena river or the fertile and dry ones of the valledupar plains. It is of medium size, the color of the coat varies between light bay and cherry red, head with thin horns, high insertion tail and scarce tassel. The conformation of the cows reveals milk aptitude, with hanging glandular udder, medium sized nipples and with well developed mammary veins. Its average milk production increases when milking with calf, which could be interpreted as a lack of genetic ability for production in the absence of this, or excellent maternal skill, once it retains 78% for breeding. CCC hybrids with 50% Holstein or Pardo Suizo inheritance exceeded the average CCC production by 100 and 32%, respectively. 9-Gelbvieh (pronounced [ɡɛlbfiː], German for "yellow cattle") is a cattle breed originating in several Franconian districts of Bavaria, Germany in the mid-18th century.Gelbvieh were originally known as “red-yellow Franconian cattle” and were developed from several local breeds. Gelbviehs were originally bred to be triple purpose cattle (used for milk, beef, and draught), but the modern Gelbvieh is primarily used for beef production. Characteristics Gelbvieh literally means "yellow cattle" in German, and the breed originated as golden brown cattle with dark hooves and full body pigmentation. Through selective breeding, polled and black genetics are now also prevalent in the breed.Gelbvieh cattle are known for their high rate of gain and feed efficiency, and were originally selected for easy growth, quick maturity, length of loin, leanness, docility, and longevity. They are able to adapt to many different rangelands and climate conditions. Gelbvieh females were selected to be very maternal with strong fertility, mothering instincts, good udders, and strong milk production. They are also known to have smaller bodied offspring, allowing for ease of calving. Purebred and full blood Full blood Gelbvieh cattle are direct descendants of those registered in the German herdbook and originally imported to Canada and the United States. Purebred Gelbvieh have been bred using outside genetics for certain breed improvements, but both males and females must remain 88% Gelbvieh.. Those animals that are less than 88% Gelbvieh are known as percentage Gelbvieh. History In the mid-19th century, several breeds of local German cattle began to be combined into what would eventually be the Gelbvieh. The new breed was officially formed by 1920. Gelbvieh have been introduced to several countries around the world, including Spain, Portugal, Great Britain, Canada, the United States, Australia, and South Africa, primarily through the use of artificial insemination and some live export. The first Gelbvieh genetics reached Canada in 1972 from Germany. Gelbvieh are currently the 6th largest beef breed in Canada with 3500 head registered yearly. The first Gelbvieh cattle were imported to the United States from Germany in 1971 by Leness Hall. The American Gelbvieh Association was formed the same year. There are currently 45,000 registered Gelbvieh cows in the United States. In January 1977, the first American National Gelbvieh Show was held in conjunction with the National Western Stock Show in Denver, Colorado. 10-The population, in 1999, was the most numerous of the Creoles, 5120. The area of ​​influence of the Hartón is the fertile Cauca River Valley with heights above sea level between 950 and 1450 meters, with dry warm climate (65-70). % relative humidity) and average rainfall of 900 mm. Angled general conformation indicates aptitude for milk production; It presents phenotypic similarity with the CCC and Chinese Santandereano, so the tonality of the layer varies from bay to cherry red, but they also appear sullen and gray (muddy). The head is medium with horns in the form of lyre, high insertion tail that produces greater pelvic breadth, facilitating childbirth, as in the other Creole races. It is the most dairy breed and was the Creole genetic base for the formation of the synthetic race Lucern 0-NEW BREED The Frankeston Red is the first breed of cattle in the world created in the 21st century by the Center for Bovine Genetic Experimentation Caribbean Remanso "CEGBRC", led by the geneticist and scientific director of the project Dr. Francisco A. Restom Bitar, in Municipality of Arjona, Department of Bolívar, Colombia, in the vicinity of Cartagena. The Frankeston Red is a genetically improved bovine cattle, its creation focus was for it to be a dual-purpose cattle to be used as both dairy and beef cattle. History of the breed The Frankeston Red is the first breed of cattle in the world created in the 21st Century by the scientist director of the Frankeston project, Dr. Francisco A. Restom Bitar; a specialist in human and animal genetics, and his team at the Bovine Genetic Experimental Center Remanso Caribe (Centro de Experimentación Genética Bovina Remanso Caribe in Spanish) located in the municipality of Arjona, Colombia, in the vicinity of Cartagena de Indias. Restom started his genetic experiments in the middle of the year 1984, combining strategic and orderly in vivo chromosomes the native races x Cebu with semen of purebreds and their subsequent mating inter se to create the Frankeston breed, a cattle race biologically adapted for adverse conditions of the warm tropics, capable of producing more milk and more meat (dual purpose), surpassing not only the performance of every other breed, but also of crossed foreign cattle throughout the Caribbean region. The scientist published his work during the first quarter of 2001 and the breed was officially introduced by the end of 2003 in the III Scientific Convention of the University of Cartagena, an institution that through a cooperation agreement evaluated in situ the last 3 years of research and endorsed the results of the work done with the breed. This breed was born from a desperate search for a sustainable and profitable solution to the repeated failure of foreign cattle to produce properly in the region due to the environmental conditions of the tropics, and their indiscriminate use in crosses carried out without control, without order, goals, or scientific studies throughout history. It is a new biotype of dual-purpose bovine (milk and meat), more efficient and biologically resistant to heat, high solar radiation, and tropical diseases. A breed created to lessen the ecological and economic cost that has represented Colombia's needs to import genetic material, incalculable losses due to productivity, and progressive deterioration of farmers in the society. The work has also been successfully submitted in other conventions such as the First Congress and V Scientific Convention of the University of Panama (2004), and III International Congress and IV National Congress of Human Genetics at Universidad del Norte in Barranquilla, Colombia (2004). The creation of the Frankeston breed has been a long and complex work and has required the application of the scientific method, mathematics, planning, and execution. All of them adjusted to the principles and laws of genetics. The Frankeston Red is the first breed of cattle in the world created in the 21st century by the Center for Bovine Genetic Experimentation Caribbean Remanso "CEGBRC", led by the geneticist and scientific director of the project Dr. Francisco A. Restom Bitar, in Municipality of Arjona, Department of Bolívar, Colombia, in the vicinity of Cartagena.