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Chuck Noll

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Chuck Noll
Posed photograph of Noll in a football uniform without a helmet in a three-point stance
Noll with the Cleveland Browns in 1954
No. 65
Position:Guard
Linebacker
Personal information
Born:(1932-01-05)January 5, 1932
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.
Died:June 13, 2014(2014-06-13) (aged 82)
Sewickley, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Height:6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)
Weight:220 lb (100 kg)
Career information
High school:Benedictine (Cleveland, Ohio)
College:Dayton
NFL draft:1953 / round: 20 / pick: 239
Career history
As a player:
As a coach:
Career highlights and awards
As a player
As a head coach
As an assistant coach
Head coaching record
Regular season:193–148–1 (.566)
Postseason:16–8 (.667)
Career:209–156–1 (.572)
Record at Pro Football Reference
Stats at Pro Football Reference
Pro Football Hall of Fame

Charles Henry Noll (January 5, 1932 – June 13, 2014) was an American professional football player and head coach. Regarded as one of the greatest head coaches of all time, his sole head coaching position was for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1969 to 1991. When Noll retired after 23 years, only three other head coaches in NFL history had longer tenures with one team.[a]

After a seven-year playing career that included two NFL Championships as a member of his hometown Cleveland Browns and several years as an assistant coach with various teams, in 1969 Noll took the helm of the then moribund Steelers (which had played in only one post-season game in its previous 36 years, a 21–0 loss), and turned it into a perennial contender. As a head coach, Noll won four Super Bowls, four AFC titles and nine Central Division championships, compiled a 209–156–1 (.572) overall record, a 16–8 playoff record and had winning records in 15 of his final 20 seasons.[2] His four Super Bowl victories rank second behind Bill Belichick for the most of any head coach in NFL history, and are the most ever by a head coach without a Super Bowl loss.

Between his playing and coaching tenures, Noll won a total of seven NFL Championships as well as one AFL Championship and was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1993, his first year of eligibility.

Noll built the team through astute drafting and meticulous tutoring. During his career, he was notable for the opportunities he gave African Americans, starting the first black quarterback in franchise history and hiring one of the first black assistant coaches in league history. He was often credited with maintaining the morale of Western Pennsylvania, despite the region's steep economic decline in the late 20th century, by creating a team of champions in the image of its blue-collar fan base.

Early life

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Noll was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the youngest of three siblings (by eight years) of William Noll, a butcher, frequently unable to work owing to Parkinson's disease, and Katherine Steigerwald Noll, a florist.[3] The family lived in the house Noll's mother grew up in with her 12 siblings, near East 74th Street,[4] in a neighborhood with a large African-American population,[3] a fact that helps account for Noll's early championing of opportunity for African Americans in the NFL (both players from traditionally black colleges and later as coaches).

On a local youth football team Noll played with Harold Owens, the nephew of Olympic star Jesse Owens.[5] Noll attended Benedictine High School. He began working in seventh grade and by the time he entered high school, he had saved enough for two-year's worth of the $150 tuition. Throughout high school he continued to work, making 55-cent an hour at Fisher Brothers meat market after school.[4] Education was always important to him, so despite the schedule, he studied enough to graduate 28th in his class of 252.[3]

Playing career

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Noll played running back and tackle on the high school football team, winning All-State honors.[5] During his senior year, he was named to the "All Catholic Universe" team by the Diocese of Cleveland newspaper.[6] Noll was also a wrestler while in high school.[7]

Noll planned to attend Notre Dame, but during a practice before his freshman year he suffered an epileptic seizure on the field.[3] Notre Dame coach Frank Leahy refused to take the risk of allowing Noll to play there and so Noll accepted a football scholarship to the University of Dayton. Noll graduated with a degree in secondary education.[5] As a member of the Flyers, he was a lineman, linebacker and a co-captain,[5] and acquired the nickname, the "Pope," for his "'infallible' grasp of the game."[8]

Cleveland Browns

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Noll was selected by the Cleveland Browns in the 20th round of the 1953 NFL draft (239th overall). During his first year, the Browns lost to the Detroit Lions in the NFL championship. The next two years, however, the Browns were NFL champions, and Noll finished his NFL career with eight interceptions, three fumble recoveries, and a touchdown on one of each.

Although the undersized Noll was drafted as a linebacker,[9] Coach Paul Brown used him as one of his "messenger guards" to send play calls to the quarterback, beginning with Otto Graham. Brown recalled that Noll soon "could have called the plays himself without any help from the bench. That's how smart he was."[8] According to Art Rooney, Jr., director of scouting for the Steelers before and during most of Noll's tenure, Noll felt demeaned by Brown's use of him in that way and "disliked the term 'messenger boy' so much that as coach of the Steelers he entrusted all the play calling to his quarterbacks."[10]

Noll was paid only $5,000 per season with the Browns and so while there he acted as substitute teacher at Holy Name High School[11] and sold insurance on the side.[4] During that period Noll also attended Cleveland-Marshall College of Law at night. He told Dan Rooney that he decided against becoming a lawyer because "he didn't really like the constant confrontation and arguments that come with being a lawyer."[12]

When Noll lost the starting guard position to John Wooten, he chose to retire at age 27 expecting to begin his coaching career at his alma mater. He was surprised, however, when he was not offered an open position on the University of Dayton coaching staff.[13] He was offered a position by Sid Gillman on the staff of the Los Angeles Chargers, during its inaugural season.[9]

Coaching career

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Noll was an assistant coach for the American Football League's then Los Angeles and later San Diego Chargers from 1960 to 1965. He then became assistant to head coach Don Shula of the NFL Baltimore Colts from 1965 to 1968, when he was selected as the Pittsburgh Steelers' head coach.

Los Angeles/San Diego Chargers

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Noll is considered part of Sid Gillman's coaching tree. He later remembered Gillman as "one of the game's prime researchers and offensive specialists. In six years, I had more exposure to football than I normally would have received in 12 years."[13] During Noll's six-year tenure with the Chargers, where he was defensive line coach, the defensive backfield coach and defensive coordinator, the team appeared in five AFL championship games.[14] Gillman said that Noll "had a great way with players," specifically "If a guy didn't do the job expected, Chuck could climb on his back."[15] Massive defensive tackle Ernie Ladd said that Noll was a "fiery guy" but also "the best teacher I ever played under." "He and I were always fighting, always squabbling, but he had a great way of teaching. I take my hat off to Chuck. He was one of the main reasons for our success."[15] The defensive line under Noll became known as the "Fearsome Foursome," and during 1961 defensive end Earl Faison was named AFL rookie of the year.

During Noll's time at Chargers, Al Davis was also an assistant and scout. Davis would later become coach and general manager of the Oakland Raiders, the principal AFC rival of the Steelers' in the 1970s.

Baltimore Colts

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With the Colts, Noll was defensive backfield coach and later defensive coordinator. Together with assistant coach Bill Arnsparger the Colts employed shifting alignments of rotating zone and maximum blitz defensive packages.[16] In 1968, Noll's last season as defensive coordinator, the Baltimore Colts compiled a 13–1 record in the regular season and tied the NFL season record for fewest points allowed (144).[17]

Shula was impressed by Noll's approach: "He explained how to do things and wrote up the technique. He was one of the first coaches I was around that wrote up in great detail all of the techniques used by players—for example, the backpedal and the defensive back's position on the receiver. He was like a classroom teacher."[4]

The Colts won the NFL championship by routing the Cleveland Browns 34–0 in Cleveland, but were shocked by the upstart AFL champion New York Jets, 16–7, in Super Bowl III at the Orange Bowl in Miami. The next day, Noll interviewed for the head coach position in Pittsburgh.

Pittsburgh Steelers

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As the head coach of the Steelers, Noll helped lead the team to four Super Bowl victories, IX, X, XIII and XIV

At age 37, Noll was named the 14th head coach of the Pittsburgh Steelers on January 27, 1969,[18][19] after Penn State coach Joe Paterno turned down an offer for the position.[20] At the time of his hiring, he was the youngest head coach in the NFL.[21] Steelers owner Art Rooney would later credit Don Shula as the person who recommended Noll as a head coach.[22]

Noll implemented a defensive system in Pittsburgh that became the legendary "Steel Curtain" defense. His coaching style earned him the nickname of The Emperor Chaz by sports announcer Myron Cope.[23] Noll was the first head coach to win four Super Bowls (IX, X, XIII, XIV).

Noll was known during practice to dwell on fundamentals—such as the three-point stance—things that professional players were expected to know. For instance, Andy Russell, already a Pro Bowl linebacker before Noll arrived and one of the few players Noll kept after purging the roster his first year, was told by Noll that he didn't have his feet positioned right.[24] As a result of Noll's attention to detail, Russell went on to become a key member for the first two Super Bowl teams and started the linebacker tradition that continues today in Pittsburgh.

While most of his contemporaries, as well as current NFL head coaches, enforced strict curfew rules on its players, Noll was very lax on off-the-field behavior. This was shown at Super Bowl IX. While Noll's counterpart – Minnesota Vikings head coach Bud Grant – strictly kept his team in their hotel rooms except for practice before the game, Noll told his team upon arriving in New Orleans to go out on Bourbon Street "and get the partying out of your system now."[25]

The hallmark of the team during the 1970s was a stifling defense known as the Steel Curtain. Linemen L. C. Greenwood, Joe Greene, as well as Ernie Holmes and Dwight White, linebackers Jack Ham, and Jack Lambert had a collective level of talent unseen before in the NFL.

Undrafted free-agent safety Donnie Shell eventually became a 3x first team All-Pro and a 5x Pro Bowler under Noll

The teams that won Super Bowls IX and X used a run-oriented offense, primarily featuring Franco Harris and blocking back Rocky Bleier. Over the next few years, Terry Bradshaw matured into an outstanding passer, and the teams that won Super Bowls XIII and XIV fully utilized the receiving tandem of Lynn Swann and John Stallworth.

Noll was notoriously shy and did not like the media or give many interviews. His 1970s teams were so talented that his contributions as head coach (and architect of the team) often were overlooked.

Infamously in 1983's draft, Noll elected to pass on University of Pittsburgh and Pittsburgh native Dan Marino, instead selecting nose tackle Gabriel Rivera.[26] Marino went on to become a Hall of Fame quarterback who broke numerous passing records with the Miami Dolphins and won honors such as league MVP and the Walter Payton NFL Man of the Year Award while being named to the Pro Bowl nine times.[27] Rivera only played six professional games due to being paralyzed after an accident in which he was drunk driving.[28] Noll later explained his decision was a reaction to a rumor that Marino had done cocaine during his time at Pitt. Noll also believed the team would be able to retain then 34-year-old Bradshaw and that Cliff Stoudt would be able to replace him.[29]

In Noll’s twilight years as a head coach, his team’s performances waned. After Bradshaw unexpectedly retired at the conclusion of the 1983 season, Noll chose 1980’s first round pick Mark Malone to be his successor. The Steelers finished 1984 going 9-7 and achieving first place in the AFC Central. Noll led the team on a playoff run that concluded with an AFC Championship loss to the Miami Dolphins who, ironically, had Marino as their starting quarterback. [30] Over Noll’s next four seasons, he led the team to a record of 26-37. In 1988, Noll led the team to the worst record they had experienced since 1969 when they won just five out of their 16 regular season games, making them fall to fourth place in the AFC Central. [31] As of the 2024 season, this remains the last time the Steelers placed last in their division.[32] Noll was heavily criticized during the season. His former quarterback, Terry Bradshaw, commented that "the game has passed him by".[33]

He rebounded in 1989, leading the team to an improved 9-7 record with quarterback Bubby Brister at the helm. Noll was recognized as NFL Coach of the Year, when he guided the Steelers into the second round of the playoffs, which they lost to the Denver Broncos with a final score of 24-23. The team was not especially talented and lost its first two regular-season games by scores of 51–0 and 41–10.[34] However, Noll kept the team focused and its play steadily improved enough to make the playoffs and play competitively in two playoff games; Noll went a combined 16–16 in his last two seasons at the helm of the Steelers.

Post-coaching life

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Noll retired as Steelers head coach after the 1991 season with a career record of 209–156–1, including regular season and postseason games. He was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame two years later, in 1993.

Noll maintained a residence in suburban Pittsburgh, and also spent time at his Florida home. The Pittsburgh Steelers gave him a gift of a stationary bicycle, which he avidly used. Noll's mobility was limited by chronic back problems.

Noll held the ceremonial title of administration adviser in the Pittsburgh Steelers' front office but had no real role in the team's operations after his retirement. He spent about half the year in Pittsburgh with his wife Marianne. Their son, Chris, is a teacher in a private high school in Connecticut.[35]

Death

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Noll died of natural causes in his Sewickley, Pennsylvania, condominium on June 13, 2014, after suffering for several years from Alzheimer's disease, a heart condition, and back problems.[21] Noll's funeral was held on June 17, 2014, at St. Paul's Cathedral in Pittsburgh.[36]

Legacy

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Chuck Noll Field at Saint Vincent College. Here, Saint Vincent returns to college football in a game against Gallaudet University.

Noll's legacy includes providing opportunities for African Americans. Under Noll, Joe Gilliam became the league's first African American starting quarterback just a few seasons after the AFL started Marlin Briscoe, and James Harris (Gilliam started ahead of Terry Bradshaw briefly during the 1974 season). In January 1975, Franco Harris became the first African American to win the Super Bowl MVP award.[37][38][39][40][41][42]

During the 1980s, Tony Dungy, who played for two seasons under Noll in the late 1970s, got his start as an NFL assistant coach, initially as the Steelers' defensive backs coach, and later he became the first African-American coordinator (defensive) in the NFL. Noll strongly promoted Dungy as a well-qualified head coaching candidate, but it did not happen for Dungy with the Steelers when Noll retired after the 1991 season.[43] However, Dungy did become head coach of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and later became the first African American coach to win a Super Bowl (XLI) with the Indianapolis Colts.[44][45][46][47]

Street sign for Chuck Noll Way as it appeared in July 2022.

On August 2, 2007, the field at St. Vincent Seminary in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, was dedicated and renamed Chuck Noll Field in honor of the former coach. For more than 40 years the Steelers have held their summer camp at St. Vincent College, as it was Noll's idea to take the team away from the distractions in the city to prepare for the season each year.

Noll was honored on October 7, 2007, at Heinz Field during the Pittsburgh Steelers' pre-game ceremonies.

On September 30, 2011, Pittsburgh honored Noll by naming a new street after him. Chuck Noll Way connects North Shore Drive to West General Robinson St. The street runs along Stage AE, on the North Shore of Pittsburgh.[48]

Head coaching record

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Team Year Regular season Postseason
Won Lost Ties Win % Finish Won Lost Win % Result
PIT 1969 1 13 0 .071 4th in NFL Central — — — —
PIT 1970 5 9 0 .357 3rd in AFC Central — — — —
PIT 1971 6 8 0 .429 2nd in AFC Central — — — —
PIT 1972 11 3 0 .786 1st in AFC Central 1 1 .500 Lost to the Miami Dolphins in AFC Championship Game
PIT 1973 10 4 0 .714 2nd in AFC Central 0 1 .000 Lost to the Oakland Raiders in AFC Divisional Round
PIT 1974 10 3 1 .750 1st in AFC Central 3 0 1.000 Super Bowl IX champions
PIT 1975 12 2 0 .857 1st in AFC Central 3 0 1.000 Super Bowl X champions
PIT 1976 10 4 0 .714 1st in AFC Central 1 1 .500 Lost to the Oakland Raiders in AFC Championship Game
PIT 1977 9 5 0 .643 1st in AFC Central 0 1 .000 Lost to the Denver Broncos in AFC Divisional Round
PIT 1978 14 2 0 .875 1st in AFC Central 3 0 1.000 Super Bowl XIII champions
PIT 1979 12 4 0 .750 1st in AFC Central 3 0 1.000 Super Bowl XIV champions
PIT 1980 9 7 0 .563 3rd in AFC Central — — — —
PIT 1981 8 8 0 .500 2nd in AFC Central — — — —
PIT 1982 6 3 0 .667 2nd in AFC Central 0 1 .000 Lost to the San Diego Chargers in AFC Wild Card Round
PIT 1983 10 6 0 .625 1st in AFC Central 0 1 .000 Lost to the Los Angeles Raiders in AFC Divisional Round
PIT 1984 9 7 0 .563 1st in AFC Central 1 1 .500 Lost to the Miami Dolphins in AFC Championship Game
PIT 1985 7 9 0 .438 2nd in AFC Central — — — —
PIT 1986 6 10 0 .375 3rd in AFC Central — — — —
PIT 1987 8 7 0 .533 3rd in AFC Central — — — —
PIT 1988 5 11 0 .313 4th in AFC Central — — — —
PIT 1989 9 7 0 .563 2nd in AFC Central 1 1 .500 Lost to the Denver Broncos in AFC Divisional Round
PIT 1990 9 7 0 .563 3rd in AFC Central — — — —
PIT 1991 7 9 0 .438 2nd in AFC Central — — — —
Total 193 148 1 .566 16 8 .667

Coaching tree

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Assistants under Chuck Noll who became college or professional head coaches:

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ George Halas, 30 years with the Chicago Bears, Curly Lambeau, 29 years with the Green Bay Packers, and Tom Landry, 29 years with the Dallas Cowboys.[1]

References

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  1. ^ Lahman, Sean (2008). The Pro Football Historical Abstract: A Hardcore Fan's Guide to All-Time Player Rankings. Lyons Press. p. 261.
  2. ^ "Chuck Noll Biography". Pro Football Hall of Fame. Retrieved August 24, 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d Gary M. Pomerantz, Their Life's Work: The Brotherhood of the 1970s Pittsburgh Steelers (Simon & Schuster: 2013), p. 62
  4. ^ a b c d Valade, Jodie (December 27, 2008). "The invisible legend: A near recluse in retirement, Chuck Noll brought the Browns-Steelers rivalry to life". Cleveland Plain Dealer. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  5. ^ a b c d Labriola, Bob. "Hall of Fame coach Chuck Noll, 82". Steelers.com. Retrieved August 23, 2014.
  6. ^ Bill Livingston & Gregg Brinda, The Great Book of Cleveland Sports Lists (Running Press: 2008), p. 28
  7. ^ Abbott, Gary. Top 10 Wrestlers Who Played in the NFL. nwhof.org. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
  8. ^ a b Rob Ruck, Maggie Jones Patterson & Michael P. Weber, Rooney: A Sporting Life (University of Nebraska Press: 2010) ["Ruck, Patterson & Weber"], p. 169.
  9. ^ a b Mosher, Jerry. "Legendary Steelers coach Chuck Noll dies". Tribune Review. Retrieved August 23, 2014.
  10. ^ Art Rooney, Jr. & Roy McHugh, Ruanaidh: The Story of Art Rooney and His Clan (Geyer Printing Co. [for Art Rooney, Jr.]: c2008), p. 241.
  11. ^ Price, Elizabeth (June 19, 2014). "Letter to the Editor". Cleveland Plain Dealer. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  12. ^ Dan Rooney (as told to Andrew E. Masich, Andrew & David F. Halaas), Dan Rooney: My 75 Years with the Pittsburgh Steelers and the NFL (Da Capo Press: 2007).
  13. ^ a b "Chuck Noll, 1932-2014". Pro Football Hall of Fame. June 14, 2014. Archived from the original on June 29, 2015. Retrieved August 24, 2014.
  14. ^ Lahman, p. 260.
  15. ^ a b Ed Gruver, The American Football League: A Year-by-Year History, 1960-1969 (McFarland: 1997) ["Gruver"], p. 97.
  16. ^ Gruver, p. 216.
  17. ^ The record has since been broken by the 1977 Atlanta Falcons (129).
  18. ^ Livingston, Pat (January 27, 1969). "Chuck Noll named Steeler coach". Pittsburgh Press. p. 24.
  19. ^ Sell, Jack (January 28, 1969). "Noll gets three years to build Steelers". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. 16.
  20. ^ "Colts' Noll named coach of Steelers". Milwaukee Journal. Associated Press. January 27, 1969. p. 10, part 2.[permanent dead link‍]
  21. ^ a b Dulac, Gerry (June 14, 2014). "Chuck Noll / Coach who led Steelers to 4 Super Bowl titles". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  22. ^ Pope, Edwin (January 6, 1985). "The Chief". Beaver County Times. Retrieved August 24, 2014.
  23. ^ Pasquarelli, Len (January 6, 2007). "Cowher not universally adored in hometown". ESPN.com. Retrieved July 4, 2008.
  24. ^ Millman, Chad (September 1, 2010). "How Chuck Noll Saved the Steelers". ESPN.com. Retrieved June 14, 2014. Excerpt from Chad Millman & Shawn Coyne, The Ones Who Hit the Hardest: The Steelers, the Cowboys, the 70s and the Fight for America's Soul (Gotham: 2010).
  25. ^ America's Game: The Super Bowl Champions. The 1974 Pittsburgh Steelers
  26. ^ "1983 NFL Draft Listing". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
  27. ^ "Dan Marino Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft, College". Pro-Football-Reference.com. September 15, 1961. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
  28. ^ Schad, Tom (July 17, 2018). "Gabe Rivera, ex-Steelers, Texas Tech DT paralyzed in wreck, dies at 57". USA TODAY. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
  29. ^ Clark, Joe (October 28, 2023). "Chuck Noll Explains Steelers Decision To Pass On Dan Marino". Steelers Depot. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
  30. ^ "1984 Pittsburgh Steelers Rosters, Stats, Schedule, Team Draftees". Pro-Football-Reference.com. September 2, 1984. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
  31. ^ "1988 Pittsburgh Steelers Rosters, Stats, Schedule, Team Draftees". Pro-Football-Reference.com. September 4, 1988. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
  32. ^ "The 1988 Steelers: The Year I Re-Found My Faith in the Franchise". Steel Curtain Rising. September 1, 2024. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
  33. ^ Chrise, Kyle (June 9, 2023). "The season when Chuck Noll got the Matt Canada treatment". Behind the Steel Curtain. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
  34. ^ "1989 Pittsburgh Steelers Rosters, Stats, Schedule, Team Draftees". Pro-Football-Reference.com. September 10, 1989. Retrieved December 10, 2024.
  35. ^ Merrill, Elizabeth (January 22, 2009). "The Lessons of Chuck Noll". ESPN.com. Retrieved August 24, 2014.
  36. ^ "Noll Funeral Arrangements". Tribune Review. June 14, 2014. Retrieved August 24, 2014.
  37. ^ "Steelers set the standard for diversity in the NFL". Steelers Wire. June 19, 2020. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  38. ^ "Chuck Noll's low profile belies lasting legacy". NFL.com. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  39. ^ Hayes, Joshua. "Legendary Pittsburgh Steelers Coach Chuck Noll Deserves Proper Appreciation". Bleacher Report. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  40. ^ "Legendary Steelers Coach Chuck Noll Fact Blitz". University of Pittsburgh Press. August 1, 2016. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  41. ^ J, Homer (July 24, 2014). "The living legacy of Chuck Noll". Behind the Steel Curtain. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  42. ^ "Meet Author of "Chuck Noll: His Life's Work"". Peters Township Public Library. March 2, 2017. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  43. ^ Lippock, Ron (December 28, 2017). "Interview: Tony Dungy Used Chuck Noll's Teachings To Become A Great Head Coach". Steelers Depot. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  44. ^ Garber, Greg (February 2, 2007). "A Retrospective on Progress". ABC News.
  45. ^ "Life lessons Tony Dungy learned from Steelers HC Chuck Noll". Steelers Wire. September 3, 2021. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  46. ^ "Dungy shares his respect for Noll". www.steelers.com. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  47. ^ Washinski, Bill; Writer, Staff (February 27, 2022). "Tony Dungy shares the private reason Chuck Noll passed on Dan Marino - SteelerNation.com". www.steelernation.com. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
  48. ^ "Chuck Noll Gets His Way". Pittsburgh.cbslocal.com. September 30, 2011. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
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