John F. Farnsworth

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John F. Farnsworth
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 2nd district
In office March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1873
Preceded by	Isaac N. Arnold
Succeeded by	Jasper D. Ward
In office March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1861
Preceded by	James Hutchinson Woodworth
Succeeded by	Isaac N. Arnold
Personal details
Born	(1820-03-27)March 27, 1820 Eaton, Quebec (now Cookshire-Eaton, Quebec)
Died	July 14, 1897(1897-07-14) (aged 77) Washington, D.C.
Political party	Republican
Military service
Allegiance	United States of America Union
Branch/service	United States Army Union Army
Years of service	1861 - 1863
Rank	Colonel
Commands	8th Illinois Volunteer Cavalry
Battles/wars	American Civil War

John Franklin Farnsworth (March 27, 1820 – July 14, 1897) was a seven-term U.S. Representative from Illinois (1857-1861, 1863-1873) and a colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He commanded brigades in the Cavalry Corps from September 1862 to February 1863. He was nominated by President Abraham Lincoln for appointment to the grade of brigadier general on November 29, 1862 but was not confirmed by the United States Senate. His nomination was ordered returned to President Lincoln on February 12, 1863. He resigned his commission in the Union Army on March 4, 1863, the day he started his third term in Congress.

Farnsworth was born in Eaton, Quebec, now Cookshire-Eaton, Quebec, on March 27, 1820, and moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan in 1834.^[1] He studied law at the University of Michigan. He was a descendant of Matthias Farnsworth (1612-1688), who immigrated to America from Eccles, Lancashire, England, prior to 1650, settling in Lynn, Massachusetts.

According to the Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress,^[2] Farnsworth was admitted to the bar in 1841 and began practicing law in St. Charles, Ill. He was elected as a Republican to the 35th and 36th Congresses (March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1861), and was not a candidate for renomination in 1860.

Farnsworth organized the 8th Illinois Cavalry at President Abraham Lincoln's direction and was commissioned its first colonel. He helped secure a lieutenant's commission for his 24-year-old nephew Elon John Farnsworth, who would die in action at the Battle of Gettysburg. The older Farnsworth also was instrumental in raising the 17th Illinois. He led the 8th Illinois Cavalry during the Peninsula Campaign, seeing action at the Battle of Williamsburg and in the Seven Days Battles.

In September 1862, Farnsworth led a cavalry brigade within the Army of the Potomac during the Maryland Campaign, sparring with Confederate cavalry under J.E.B. Stuart and Wade Hampton in a series of minor engagements near South Mountain and Middletown, Maryland. He was nominated by President Abraham Lincoln for appointment to the grade of brigadier general of volunteers on November 29, 1862 but was not confirmed by the United States Senate.^[1] His nomination was ordered returned to President Lincoln on February 12, 1863.^[1]

Farnsworth resigned his commission on March 4, 1863 to take up his duties as congressman. He elected to the 38th and the four succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1873), and was chairman of the Committee on Post Office and Post Roads. He was a friend of President Lincoln and was among those in the president's room when Lincoln died from an assassin's bullet on April 15, 1865 in the Petersen House in Washington, D.C.

Farnsworth supported Reconstruction policies, and voted in favor of the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson. He was defeated for renomination in 1872 and resumed his law practice in Chicago. He moved to Washington, D.C. in 1880 and continued the practice of law until his death on July 14, 1897.^[1]

Farnsworth married Mary Ann Clark (1820-1900) from New York in 1846. They had six children: Sarah, Frances, John, William, Adeline and Navy Ensign John Franklin Farnsworth Jr.

Farnsworth is interred in North Cemetery in St. Charles, Illinois.^[1]

Farnsworth's mansion in St. Charles, which he built in 1860, was used as a school from 1907 to 1991. A developer bought the property in 1997 with plans to redevelop the site, and in October 1999 the City of St. Charles acquired the home's limestock blocks. A group of local residents established the Farnsworth Mansion Foundation, intending to rebuild the mansion on the former site of Farnsworth's Civil War training ground, Camp Kane.^[3]

• List of American Civil War generals (Union)

• United States Congress. "John F. Farnsworth (id: F000024)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved on 2008-12-20
• Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
• Warner, Ezra J., Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964, ISBN 0-8071-0822-7.

• Works by or about John F. Farnsworth at the Internet Archive
• "Farnsworth, John Franklin" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. 1900.