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Third gender law (Germany)

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Third gender law
German Bundestag
  • Act amending the information to be entered in the register of births
    (German: Gesetz zur Änderung der in das Geburtenregister einzutragenden Angaben)
CitationGesetz zur Änderung der in das Geburtenregister einzutragenden Angaben
Territorial extentGermany
Passed byGerman Bundestag
Passed13 December 2018
Passed byGerman Bundesrat
Passed14 December 2018
Signed byPresident Frank Walter Steinmeier
Signed18 December 2018
Commenced22 December 2018
(5 years ago)
Legislative history
First chamber: German Bundestag
Introduced1 October 2018
First reading11 October 2018
Second reading13 December 2018
Third reading13 December 2018
Second chamber: German Bundesrat
Received from the German Bundestag14 December 2018
Passed14 December 2018
Summary
German federal law on the enabling of a third positive gender entry
Status: In force
A German passport with the sex marker 'X' for Unspecified.

Germany's third gender law introduced the gender "diverse" (German: divers) as a third positive option in alternative to "female", "male" or without an entry in the German civil status register.[1]

The law, codified in § 45b and § 22 PStG (German: Personenstandsgesetz), laid down an administrative procedure for assigning a diverse gender. It required a doctor's note confirming "a variant of sex development". The diverse gender can be assigned to people listed in the register, at birth or later in life. When individuals change their legal gender later in life, they can also change their first name.[2]

The administrative process was officially aimed at intersex people, but nonbinary people (who were not intersex) have also tried to use it, due to its manageable burden compared to the gender entry change procedure for trans people at that time (Transsexuals Act). However, the Federal Court of Justice ruled on 22 April 2020 that § 45b could not be used by a nonbinary person who was not intersex.[3]

The third gender law took effect on 22 December 2018. A bill to ease the process for transgender, intersex and non-binary non-intersex people, the Self-Determination Act, was passed on April 12, 2024, and took effect in November 2024. It completely revised § 45b PStG and standardised the regulations for trans, inter and non-binary people in a single law.[4]

Legislative history

[edit]
Horst Seehofer in 2018
Horst Seehofer in 2018
Katarina Barley in 2018
Katarina Barley in 2018
Franziska Giffey in 2018
Franziska Giffey in 2018

Germany established a third positive gender option because, on 10 October 2017, the Federal Constitutional Court's ruled that it was constitutionally necessary. The court decided that it was unconstitutional to refuse a third positive gender option for people "not clearly identifiable" as female or male,⁣[5][6] citing Articles 1, 2, and 3 of the German constitution.[7] This ruling came in response to a constitutional complaint by Vanja, an at the time 26-year-old intersex person from Leipzig. Vanja had sued his[8] way up to the constitutional court.[9]

The constitutional court ruling for the right to a third gender came shortly after federal elections in 2017. The elections led to the formation of a grand coalition of Christian Democrats, Social Democrats and the Christian Social Union. The coalition agreement was signed on 12 March 2018, and Horst Seehofer (Christian Social Union) became minister of the interior.[10]

Minister Seehofer's legal draft provided for the third gender to be called "other" (German: anderes). However, justice minister Katarina Barley and family minister Franziska Giffey, both of the social democrats, blocked this proposal. In their view, "other" was disparaging. Barley favoured "further" (German: weiteres) while Giffey preferred "inter/diverse" (German: inter/divers).[11]

The government draft, hashed out within the grand coalition, settled on a third gender entry called German: divers, as well as an option for an empty gender entry.[10]

Trivia

[edit]
Two people underwater, diving on a coral reef
Divers

In 2021, an online form created to book covid vaccination appointments around Cologne and Dusseldorf[12] mistakenly offered users to declare their gender as German: Taucher, a literal translation of the English "divers" as in "people who dive". The booking form was made by the regional public doctors' association German: Kassenärztliche Vereinigung Nordrhein.[13][14]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Male – Female – Diverse: The "third option" and the General Act on Equal Treatment". Antidiskriminierungsstelle. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
  2. ^ "Ratgeber für inter- und transgeschlechtliche Menschen". www.lsvd.de. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  3. ^ "BGH verwehrt nicht-binärer Person die Streichung des Geschlechtseintrags nach § 45b PStG und verweist auf TSG – TrIQ: "Der Beschluss ist viel Kritik wert" – TransInterQueer e.V." (in German). Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  4. ^ "Selbstbestimmungsgesetz tritt in Kraft | Bundesregierung". Die Bundesregierung informiert | Startseite (in German). 1 November 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  5. ^ BVerfG, Beschluss vom 10. Oktober 2017 - 1 BvR 2019/16
  6. ^ Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Änderung der in das Geburtenregister einzutragenden Angaben BT-Drs. 19/4669 vom 1. Oktober 2018.
  7. ^ "Headnotes to the Order of the First Senate of 10 October 2017". Bundesverfassungsgericht. 10 October 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
  8. ^ "Artikel 3 des Grundgesetzes: Wie Vanja die Behörden auf das "dritte Geschlecht" gebracht hat". Der Tagesspiegel Online (in German). 23 May 2019. ISSN 1865-2263. Retrieved 27 December 2022. mittlerweile zieht er ein männliches Bild von sich vor.
  9. ^ "When 'male' or 'female' is insufficient – DW – 09/03/2016". dw.com. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  10. ^ a b "Vorgang - Gesetzgebung. Gesetz zur Änderung der in das Geburtenregister einzutragenden Angaben. 19. Wahlperiode". Bundestag DIP. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  11. ^ "Drittes Geschlecht: Barley und Giffey blockieren Horst Seehofers Entwurf". Der Spiegel (in German). 19 May 2018. ISSN 2195-1349. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  12. ^ KVNO (27 December 2022). "Die KV Nordrhein stellt sich vor | Karriere". kvno-karriere (in German). Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  13. ^ "Corona-Impfung: Skurrile Panne! "Taucher" als Geschlecht wählbar - und viele schmunzeln, wenn sie die Erklärung hören". www.tz.de (in German). 2 February 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  14. ^ heute-show (5 February 2021). "Peinliche Panne bei der Impftermin-Buchung". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
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