Antimony(III) sulfate

Antimony sulfate
Names
	IUPAC name Antimony(III) sulfate
	Other names Antimonous sulfate; Antimony trisulfate; Diantimony trisulfate; Diantimony tris(sulphate)
Identifiers
CAS Number	7446-32-4 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	22443 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.370
EC Number	231-207-6;
PubChem CID	24010;
UNII	HN58C3HK0X ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID10225469 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/3H2O4S.2Sb/c31-5(2,3)4;;/h3(H2,1,2,3,4);;/q;;;2*+3/p-6 Key: MVMLTMBYNXHXFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H ;
	SMILES [SbH3+3].[SbH3+3].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O;
Properties
Chemical formula	Sb2(SO4)3
Molar mass	531.7078 g/mol
Density	3.94 g/cm3
Solubility in water	Hydrolysis
Structure
Crystal structure	monoclinic
Space group	P21/c
Lattice constant	a = 13.12 Å, b = 4.75 Å, c = 17.55 Å α = 90°, β = 126.3°, γ = 90°
Lattice volume (V)	881 Å3
Hazards
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)
REL (Recommended)	TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)
Safety data sheet (SDS)	MSDS
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). (what is ?) Infobox references

Antimony sulfate, Sb₂(SO₄)₃, is a hygroscopic salt formed by reacting antimony or its compounds with hot sulfuric acid. It is used in doping of semiconductors and in the production of explosives and fireworks.^[4]

Structure

Antimony(III) sulfate consists of interconnected SbO₆ octahedra, which the corners are bonded to the sulfate ion.^[1]

Production

Antimony(III) sulfate was first produced in 1827 by the reaction of antimony(III) oxide and 18 molar sulfuric acid at 200 °C:^[1]

Sb₂O₃ + 3 H₂SO₄ → Sb₂(SO₄)₃ + 3 H₂O

The concentration of the sulfuric acid is important, as a lower concentration will produce basic antimony oxides, while a higher concentration will produce antimony(III) pyrosulfate. The reaction of elemental antimony and 18 M sulfuric acid will also produce antimony(III) sulfate:^[4]

2 Sb + 6 H₂SO₄ → Sb₂(SO₄)₃ + 3 SO₂ + 6 H₂O

Chemical properties

Antimony sulfate is deliquescent, hydrolyzing in moist air and water, producing various basic antimony oxides and antimony(III) oxide. It is soluble in acids.^[1]^[4]^[5]

Uses

Owing to its solubility, antimony sulfate has uses in the doping of semiconductors.^[6] It is also used for coating anodes in electrolysis and in the production of explosives and fireworks.^[4]

Safety

Antimony(III) sulfate causes irritation to the skin and mucous membranes.^[7]

Natural occurrence

Natural analogue of the exact compound is yet unknown. However, basic hydrated Sb sulfates are known as the minerals klebelsbergite^[8]^[9] and coquandite.^[10]^[9]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f R. Mercier; J. Douglade; J. Bernard (1976). "Structure cristalline de Sb₂O₃.3SO₃". Acta Crystallographica Section B (in French). 32 (10): 2787–2791. doi:10.1107/S0567740876008881.
^ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 4.64. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
^ ^a ^b NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0036". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Herbst, Karl Albert et al. (1985) Antimony and antimony compounds in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 5th ed., vol. A3, p. 70. ISBN 3-527-20103-3.
^ Nicholas C. Norman (31 December 1997). Chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. Springer. pp. 193–. ISBN 978-0-7514-0389-3.
^ Method of forming phase change layer, method of manufacturing a storage node using the same, and method of manufacturing phase change memory device using the same – Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Freepatentsonline.com (2007-01-02). Retrieved on 2011-12-23.
^ Antimony(III) Sulfate Material Safety Data Sheet Archived 2012-04-26 at the Wayback Machine. Prochemonline.
^ "Klebelsbergite".
^ ^a ^b "List of Minerals". 21 March 2011.
^ "Coquandite".

[stru-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f R. Mercier; J. Douglade; J. Bernard (1976). "Structure cristalline de Sb₂O₃.3SO₃". Acta Crystallographica Section B (in French). 32 (10): 2787–2791. doi:10.1107/S0567740876008881.

[2] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 4.64. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[PGCH-3] NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0036". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[ul-4] Herbst, Karl Albert et al. (1985) Antimony and antimony compounds in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 5th ed., vol. A3, p. 70. ISBN 3-527-20103-3.

[Norman-5] Nicholas C. Norman (31 December 1997). Chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. Springer. pp. 193–. ISBN 978-0-7514-0389-3.

[6] Method of forming phase change layer, method of manufacturing a storage node using the same, and method of manufacturing phase change memory device using the same – Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Freepatentsonline.com (2007-01-02). Retrieved on 2011-12-23.

[lookchem1-7] Antimony(III) Sulfate Material Safety Data Sheet Archived 2012-04-26 at the Wayback Machine. Prochemonline.

[8] "Klebelsbergite".

[List_of_Minerals-9] "List of Minerals". 21 March 2011.

[10] "Coquandite".

[2]