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No. 15 Group RAF

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No. 15 (Reconnaissance) Group RAF
No. 15 (Aegean) Group
No. 15 (Equipment) Group
Royal Air Force Ensign
Active1 April 1918 – 1 September 1919
15 March 1939 – 1 August 1945
CountryUnited Kingdom United Kingdom
Branch Royal Air Force
TypeRoyal Air Force group
RoleMaritime Reconnaissance (1939-1945)
Part ofRAF Coastal Command
Motto(s)Dion's Buail
(Gaelic: "Protect and Attack")[1]
EngagementsWorld War II
Commanders
Notable
commanders		Air Marshal Sir Leonard Horatio Slatter KBE, CB, DSC & Bar, DFC, DL

No. 15 Group (15 Gp) was a group of the Royal Air Force, which disbanded in 1945. It was operational in the last year of, and just after, the First World War, a reformation saw it active throughout the Second World War.

History

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First World War

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No. 15 Group was first formed on 1 April 1918 as No. 15 (Equipment) Group in the No. 3 Area, which became the Midland Area on 8 May 1918.[2] It was disbanded, and then reformed on 27 September 1918 as No. 15 (Aegean) Group to control 62 and 63 Wings, until finally disbanded on 1 September 1919.[1]

Second World War

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See also: RAF Coastal Command during World War II

Early War

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The group was reformed on 15 March 1939 as No. 15 (Reconnaissance) Group, part of RAF Coastal Command, at Lee-on-Solent.[1] It comprised Royal Air Force squadrons, with attached Naval Air Squadrons from the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm, operating under Royal Air Force control.[3] No. 15 Group relocated its headquarters to Mount Wise, Plymouth, on 6 June 1939. By November 1939, No. 15 Group, under Air Commodore Rey Griffith Parry, DSO,[4] had expanded to ten units operating across six Royal Air Force stations. It had three squadrons equipped with Short Sunderland flying boat patrol bomber. Two, Nos. 210 and 228 Squadrons, were stationed at RAF Pembroke Dock, in Pembrokeshire, Wales, with the third squadron, No. 204, operating out of RAF Mount Batten, in Devon, England. The group had two units operating with Avro Anson, a twin-engined multi-role aircraft, across four stations, No. 502 Squadron, was based at RAF Aldergrove, in Northern Ireland and which also had a detachment at RAF Hooton Park, in Cheshire, England, and No. 217 Squadron, based at RAF St Eval, in Cornwall, England, which also operated a flight out of RAF Carew Cheriton, situated in Pembrokeshire, Wales.[5] No. 3 and No. 5 Coastal Patrol Flights, both equipped with de Havilland Tiger Moth, a biplane trainer aircraft, and de Havilland Hornet Moth, a cabin biplane, were based at RAF Hooton Park and RAF Carew Cheriton respectively.[6][5]

The following year, in August 1940, the headquarters moved to Egg Buckland Keep, and a final move in early 1941 saw it transfer to Derby House, Liverpool.[7] Its squadrons provided support and convoy escorts, maritime reconnaissance and anti-submarine warfare in the South West, Western Approaches and the Irish Sea. Air Vice-Marshal James Robb was appointed Air Officer Commanding, replacing Air Commodore Rey Griffith Parry, on 23 February 1941.[1]

Flight Lieutenant A W Fraser and his crew, stand in front of their Consolidated Liberator Mark I, AM929 'H', of No. 120 Squadron RAF, at Reykjavik, Iceland, after sinking the German type IXD2 submarine U-200 on 24 June 1943

On 9 April 1941 it took control of Royal Air Force units in Iceland. It continued to operate from Liverpool for the rest of the Second World War.[1] By May 1941, No. 210 Squadron had moved to RAF Oban, located in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It operated with Short Sunderland but was re-equipping to Consolidated Catalina. No. 502 Squadron was now operating with Armstrong Whitworth Whitley, a medium bomber, and was based alongside No. 211 Squadron, equipped with Vickers Wellington, a long-range medium bomber, at RAF Limavady, near the city of Derry, Northern Ireland. At RAF Lough Erne, in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, Nos. 209 and 240 Squadrons both operated with Consolidated Catalina, but were also equipped with Saunders-Roe Lerwick and Supermarine Stranraer respectively.[8] No. 119 Squadron had reformed at RAF Bowmore, Strathclyde, Scotland, on 13 March 1941 as part of No. 15 Group. The squadron was equipped with three Short G class and two Short C class flying boats.[9] RAF Hooton Park was home to the Group Communications Flight,[8] which operated various types and marks of aircraft,[10] and also home to a No. 48 Squadron flight which was formed of Avro Anson. The squadron also had a similar flight at RAF Port Ellen, on the island of Islay in Argyll and Bute. RAF Aldergrove was home to No. 233 Squadron, equipped with Lockheed Hudson and No. 252 Squadron which operated with Bristol Beaufighter.[8]

An aircrew sergeant of No. 209 Squadron RAF about to launch a carrier pigeon from the side hatch of a Saro Lerwick flying boat

On 4 April 1942, Air Vice-Marshal Douglas Colyer become the new Air Officer Commanding for No. 15 Group.[1] Around this time the Group Communications Flight continued at RAF Hooton Park. The Coastal Command Development Unit RAF, which was set up to undertook service trials of all radar equipment, was operating under No. 15 Group and the unit was working out of RAF Ballykelly, located in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. RAF Aldergrove was home to four of No. 15 Groups units: No. 206 Squadron, equipped with Lockheed Hudson, No. 143 Squadron, which operated with Bristol Beaufighter, No. 1402 (Meteorological) Flight, which used Supermarine Spitfire, Lockheed Hudson and Gloster Gladiator, and No. 1 Armament Practice Camp,[11] which had formed out of No. 15 Group Armament Practice Camp on 5 November 1941 and was equipped with various aircraft including Westland Lysander, an army co-operation and liaison aircraft.[12]

No. 224 Squadron, which operated with Lockheed Hudson, was based at RAF Limavady. No. 15 Group was now down to two Short Sunderland squadrons, No. 228 Squadron, based at RAF Stornoway, on the Isle of Lewis, in the Western Isles of Scotland, and No. 201 Squadron based in Northern Ireland, at RAF Lough Erne, which was also home to No. 240 Squadron, which was equipped with Consolidated Catalina. Also in Northern Ireland were Nos. 120 and 220 Squadrons, which operated from RAF Nutts Corner, in County Antrim and were equipped with Consolidated Liberator and Boeing Fortress, both types being American four-engined heavy bomber aircraft, respectively.[11]

Mid and later war

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A Royal Air Force Liberator Mark I (serial AM910) on the ground following conversion as an anti-submarine aircraft by Scottish Aviation Ltd, AM910 joined 120 Squadron at Nutts Corner, County Antrim, Northern Ireland as "OH-M"

One year later, by April 1943, Air Vice-Marshal Leonard Slatter was in command of the group. The Group Communications Flight had by this time relocated to RAF Speke, located in Liverpool. No. 15 Group now controlled five squadrons of Short Sunderland flying boats. Three squadrons, 201, 228 and 423 operated out of RAF Castle Archdale (previously known as RAF Lough Erne). No. 246 Squadron which was based at RAF Port Ellen, and No. 330 Squadron which was at RAF Oban. Also at Oban was No. 422 Squadron which was controlled by No. 15 Group and equipped with Consolidated Catalina. No. 15 Group had two Boeing Fortress units, both were based at RAF Benbecula, on the island of Benbecula in the Outer Hebrides, in Scotland, with Nos. 206 and 220 Squadrons. RAF Aldergrove was home to three units with No. 1 Armament Practice Camp, No. 1402 (Meteorological) Flight, equipped with Gloster Gladiator, Supermarine Spitfire and Handley Page Hampden, a medium bomber, and No. 120 Squadron, which operated with Consolidated Liberator. At RAF Ballykelly, No. 280 Squadron operated a detachment of Avro Anson.[13]

Castle Archdale (formerly Logh Erne) in Northern Ireland on 20 May 1943, as a seaplane tender passes a Sunderland of No 201 Squadron

Around July 1944, No. 15 Group had reduced in size and consisted of nine units on five RAF stations, including the Group Communications Flight at RAF Speke. RAF Aldergrove was home to the meteorological flight and No. 1 Armament Practice Camp. It was now back to just two Short Sunderland squadrons which were based at RAF Castle Archdale, these were the RCAF 422 and 423 Squadrons. The group had two Liberator squadrons, 59 and 120, which were operating from RAF Ballykelly. In Scotland, RAF Tiree on the island of Tiree in the Inner Hebrides, was home to 518 Squadron which was equipped with Handley Page Halifaxes, a four-engined heavy bomber and 281 Squadron with the Vickers Warwick, a maritime reconnaissance, air-sea rescue and transport aircraft.[14]

A convoy seen from 'X for X-Ray', a No 120 Squadron Liberator based at Aldergrove. The aircraft made contact after a flight of several hours at low-level to avoid icing conditions in the clouds. For a further three hours it patrolled out to the front and rear of the convoy, also keeping an eye on stragglers, but there was no sign of any U-boats

Air Commodore Norman Pritchett had been appointed Air Officer commanding for No. 15 Group, during June 1945[1] and by July it was in control of seven units across seven RAF stations. RAF Speke remained home to the Group Communications Flight. The group controlled No. 518 Squadron, equipped with Handley Page Halifax and based at RAF Tiree.[15] Also at Tiree was a detachment from No. 281 Squadron providing air sea rescue, using both Vickers Warwick, and Supermarine Sea Otter, an amphibious aircraft. The squadron also had a similar detachment at RAF Valley, on the island of Anglesey, Wales.[16] The remainder of the group’s assets were based within Northern Ireland. No. 1 Armament Practice Camp remained at RAF Aldergrove. The group controlled No. 1402 (Meteorological) Flight, which used Supermarine Spitfire and Hawker Hurricane and operated out of RAF Ballyhalbert, situated in County Down, and No. 201 Squadron, equipped with Short Sunderland, at RAF Castle Archdale. No. 281 Squadron was based at RAF Limavady, providing air sea rescue like its detachments. Also at Limavady, as part of No. 15 Group, was the Coastal Command Anti U-Boat Devices School RAF,[15] which had previously existed under different identities since 1940, and was equipped with Vickers Wellington VIII.[17]

No. 15 Group disbanded on 1 August 1945 and was absorbed into RAF Northern Ireland.[1]

15 Group Communications Flight

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de Havilland Dominie, Communications and transport aircraft, an example of the type used by 15 GCF

No. 15 Group Communications Flight RAF (15 GCF) formed at RAF Roborough located in Devon, on 13 June 1939,[10] it moved to RAF Hooton Park on 1 February 1941 [18] by April 1943, the Flight had relocated to RAF Speke.[19] It operated various types and marks of aircraft:[10]

It disbanded at RAF Speke on 1 August 1945.[10]

Structure

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Main article: RAF Coastal Command order of battle during World War II

The following stations and squadrons operated for or as part of No. 15 Group, during the Second World War.

Royal Air Force

Listed as Order of Battle on specific dates during the Second World War:[20]

Order of Battle, 3 September 1939
Station Squadron Aircraft
RAF Aldergrove No. 502 Squadron Avro Anson, multi-role aircraft
RAF Mount Batten No. 204 Squadron Short Sunderland, flying boat patrol bomber
RAF Pembroke Dock No. 210 Squadron Short Sunderland, flying boat patrol bomber
RAF Pembroke Dock No. 228 Squadron Short Sunderland, flying boat patrol bomber
RAF Warmwell No. 217 Squadron Avro Anson, multi-role aircraft
Order of Battle, 1 November 1940
Station Squadron Aircraft
RAF Aldergrove No. 502 Squadron Botha, reconnaissance and torpedo bomber, Whitley, medium bomber
RAF Carew Cheriton No. 321 Squadron Avro Anson, multi-role aircraft
RAF Hooton Park No. 48 Squadron Avro Anson, multi-role aircraft
RAF Pembroke Dock No. 10 Squadron RAAF Short Sunderland, flying boat patrol bomber
RAF Pembroke Dock No. 209 Squadron Saro Lerwick, medium-range flying boat
RAF St Eval No. 217 Squadron Avro Anson, multi-role aircraft / Bristol Beaufort, torpedo bomber
RAF St Eval No. 236 Squadron Bristol Blenheim, light bomber
Order of Battle, 12 February 1942
Station Squadron Aircraft
RAF Aldergrove No. 143 Squadron Bristol Blenheim, light bomber
RAF Aldergrove No. 206 Squadron Lockheed Hudson, light bomber and maritime patrol aircraft
RAF Aldergrove No. 1402 (Meteorological) Flight RAF Supermarine Spitfire, fighter aircraft / Gloster Gladiator, biplane fighter aircraft
RAF Aldergrove No. 1405 (Meteorological) Flight RAF Bristol Blenheim, light bomber / Lockheed Hudson, light bomber and maritime patrol aircraft
RAF Limavady No. 53 Squadron Lockheed Hudson, light bomber and maritime patrol aircraft
RAF Lough Erne No. 201 Squadron Short Sunderland, flying boat patrol bomber
RAF Lough Erne No. 240 Squadron Consolidated Catalina, Maritime patrol aircraft and search and rescue seaplane
RAF Nutts Corner No. 120 Squadron Consolidated Liberator, four-engined heavy bomber
RAF Nutts Corner No. 220 Squadron Boeing Fortress, four-engined heavy bomber
RAF Oban No. 210 Squadron Consolidated Catalina, maritime patrol aircraft and search and rescue seaplane
RAF Stranraer No. 228 Squadron Short Sunderland, flying boat patrol bomber
Order of Battle, 15 February 1943
Station Squadron Aircraft
RAF Aldergrove No. 120 Squadron Consolidated Liberator, four-engined heavy bomber
RAF Aldergrove No. 220 Squadron Boeing Fortress, four-engined heavy bomber
RAF Aldergrove No. 1402 (Meteorological) Flight RAF Supermarine Spitfire, fighter aircraft / Gloster Gladiator, biplane fighter aircraft
RAF Benbecula No. 206 Squadron Boeing Fortress, four-engined heavy bomber
RAF Bowmore No. 246 Squadron Short Sunderland, flying boat patrol bomber
RAF Castle Archdale (RAF Lough Erne) No. 201 Squadron Short Sunderland, flying boat patrol bomber
RAF Castle Archdale (RAF Lough Erne) No. 228 Squadron Short Sunderland, flying boat patrol bomber
RAF Castle Archdale (RAF Lough Erne) No. 423 Squadron RCAF Short Sunderland, flying boat patrol bomber
RAF Oban No. 422 Squadron RCAF Short Sunderland, flying boat patrol bomber
Order of Battle, 6 June 1944
Station Squadron Aircraft
RAF Aldergrove No. 1402 (Meteorological) Flight RAF Supermarine Spitfire, fighter aircraft / Gloster Gladiator, biplane fighter aircraft
RAF Ballykelly No. 59 Squadron Consolidated Liberator, four-engined heavy bomber
RAF Ballykelly No. 120 Squadron Consolidated Liberator, four-engined heavy bomber
RAF Castle Archdale No. 422 Squadron RCAF Short Sunderland, flying boat patrol bomber
RAF Castle Archdale No. 423 Squadron RCAF Short Sunderland, flying boat patrol bomber
RAF Tiree No. 281 Squadron Vickers Warwick (ASR), Maritime reconnaissance, air-sea rescue and transport aircraft
RAF Tiree No. 518 Squadron Handley Page Halifax (Met), four-engined heavy bomber

Royal Navy

A number of Fleet Air Arm squadrons were also attached to No. 15 Group, usually on a short-term basis:[3]

Fleet Air Arm
Station Squadron Aircraft Dates
RAF Benbecula 838 Naval Air Squadron Fairey Swordfish II, biplane torpedo bomber[21] September 1944 – November 1944
RAF Benbecula 842 Naval Air Squadron Fairey Swordfish II, biplane torpedo bomber[22] September 1944 – November 1944
RAF Dallachy 838 Naval Air Squadron Fairey Swordfish II, biplane torpedo bomber[21] September 1944 – November 1944
RAF Fraserburgh 838 Naval Air Squadron Fairey Swordfish II, biplane torpedo bomber[21] September 1944 – November 1944
RAF Limavady 811 Naval Air Squadron Fairey Swordfish II, biplane torpedo bomber[23] June 1944 – September 1944
RAF Limavady 825 Naval Air Squadron Fairey Swordfish III, biplane torpedo bomber[24] August 1944 – December 1944
RAF Mullaghmore 825 Naval Air Squadron Fairey Swordfish III, biplane torpedo bomber[24] August 1944 – Dec 1944
RAF Mullaghmore 842 Naval Air Squadron Fairey Swordfish II, biplane torpedo bomber[22] September 1944 – November 1944
RAF Port Ellen 890 Naval Air Squadron Grumman F4F Wildcat V, an American carrier-based fighter aircraft[25] October 1943 – December 1943
RAF St Eval 812 Naval Air Squadron Fairey Swordfish I, biplane torpedo bomber[26] November 1940 – December 1940
RAF St Eval 816 Naval Air Squadron Fairey Swordfish I, biplane torpedo bomber[27] April 1941 – May 1941
RAF St Eval 827 Naval Air Squadron Fairey Albacore, a single-engine biplane torpedo bomber[28] May 1941 – June 1941
RAF St Eval 829 Naval Air Squadron Fairey Albacore, a single-engine biplane torpedo bomber[29] September 1940 – November 1940
RAF St Eval 849 Naval Air Squadron Grumman TBF Avenger I, II, an American torpedo bomber[30] August 1944
RNAS St Merryn 829 Naval Air Squadron Fairey Albacore, a single-engine biplane torpedo bomber[29] September 1940 – November 1940
RAF Stornoway 825 Naval Air Squadron Fairey Swordfish III, biplane torpedo bomber[24] August 1944 – December 1944

Air Officer Commanding

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Note: The ranks shown are the ranks held at the time of holding the appointment of Air Officer Commanding, No. 15 Group Royal Air Force.[1]
Air Vice Marshal Sir Leonard Slatter, Air Officer Commanding No. 15 Group
No. 15 Group commanding officers
Rank name from
Group Captain G. H. Boyce March 1939
Air Commodore Rey Griffith Parry June 1939
Air Vice-Marshal James Robb February 1941
Air Vice-Marshal Douglas Colyer April 1942
Air Vice-Marshal Thomas Langford-Sainsbury November 1942
Air Vice-Marshal Leonard Slatter February 1943
Air Commodore Norman Anthony Pelynt Pritchett June 1945

See also

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Barrass, M. B. (2011). "A History of RAF Organisation : Groups 10���19". rafweb.org. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
  2. ^ Barrass, M. B. (2012). "Home Commands 1918–1920". rafweb.org. Archived from the original on 8 January 2002. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
  3. ^ a b "Fleet Air Arm squadrons loaned to RAF Coastal Command 1939–1945". fleetairarmarchive.net. 2005. Archived from the original on 16 September 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  4. ^ Ashworth 1992, p. 227.
  5. ^ a b Delve 1994, p. 51.
  6. ^ Lake 1999, p. 50.
  7. ^ Ashworth 1992, p. 225.
  8. ^ a b c Delve 1994, p. 53.
  9. ^ Jefford 2001, p. 60.
  10. ^ a b c d Lake 1999, p. 121.
  11. ^ a b Delve 1994, p. 58.
  12. ^ Lake 1999, p. 31.
  13. ^ Delve 1994, p. 64.
  14. ^ Delve 1994, p. 72.
  15. ^ a b Delve 1994, p. 79.
  16. ^ Jefford 2001, p. 85.
  17. ^ Lake 1999, p. 49.
  18. ^ Sturtivant, Hamlin & Halley 1997, p. 182.
  19. ^ Delve 1994, p. 74.
  20. ^ Ashworth 1992, p. 227–234.
  21. ^ a b c Ballance, Howard & Sturtivant 2016, p. 206.
  22. ^ a b Ballance, Howard & Sturtivant 2016, p. 208.
  23. ^ Ballance, Howard & Sturtivant 2016, p. 136.
  24. ^ a b c Ballance, Howard & Sturtivant 2016, p. 178,180.
  25. ^ Ballance, Howard & Sturtivant 2016, p. 260.
  26. ^ Ballance, Howard & Sturtivant 2016, p. 138.
  27. ^ Ballance, Howard & Sturtivant 2016, p. 152.
  28. ^ Ballance, Howard & Sturtivant 2016, p. 187–188.
  29. ^ a b Ballance, Howard & Sturtivant 2016, p. 190–192.
  30. ^ Ballance, Howard & Sturtivant 2016, p. 228–234.

Bibliography

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  • Ashworth, Chris (1992). RAF Coastal Command 1936-1969. Sparkford, Somerset UK: Patrick Stephens Limited. ISBN 1-85260-345-3.
  • Ballance, Theo; Howard, Lee; Sturtivant, Ray (2016). The Squadrons and Units of the Fleet Air Arm. Air Britain Historians Limited. ISBN 978-0-85130-489-2.
  • Delve, Ken (1994). The Source Book of the RAF. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-85310-451-5.
  • Jefford, C G (2001). RAF Squadrons. A comprehensive record of the movement and equipment of all RAF squadrons and their antecedents since 1912 ��� 2nd Edition. Shrewsbury UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-84037-141-2.
  • Lake, Alan (1999). Flying Units of the RAF. Shrewsbury UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-84037-086-6.
  • Sturtivant, Ray; Hamlin, John; Halley, James. J (1997). Royal Air Force Flying Training and Support Units. UK: Air-Britain (Historians). ISBN 0-85130-252-1.
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