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United States presidential elections in New York

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Presidential elections in New York
Map of the United States with New York highlighted
Number of elections59
Voted Democratic26
Voted Republican21
Voted Whig2
Voted Democratic-Republican7
Voted Federalist1
Voted other1[a]
Voted for winning candidate47
Voted for losing candidate12

New York state is one the of initial 13 states of America, but due to a deadlock in the state legislature, it did not join the first presidential election in 1788–89.[1][2] However, apart from this election, New York State has participated in all 58 other elections in U.S. history.

The political landscape of New York has undergone significant changes over the years. The Democratic Party has emerged as the dominant force in the state's politics, with a substantial majority of registered voters affiliating with the party.[3] New York is recognized as one of the key Democratic strongholds, alongside California and Illinois. In the past, New York was considered a swing state, consistently backing the winning candidate in elections from 1792 to 1984, with only a few exceptions. However, since 1988, the state has consistently leaned towards the Democratic Party, often delivering them a significant majority of votes exceeding 60%.[4]

New York is a signatory of the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact, an interstate compact in which signatories award all of their electoral votes to the winner of the national-level popular vote in a presidential election, even if another candidate won an individual signatory's popular vote. As of 2023, it has not yet gone into force.[5]

Presidential elections

[edit]
Key for parties
  American Labor Party – (ALP)
  Anti-Masonic Party – (Anti-M)
  Democratic Party – (D)
  Free Soil Party – (FS)
  Federalist Party – (F)
  Green Party – (G)
  Greenback Party – (GB)
  Know Nothing Party – (KN)
  Libertarian Party – (LI)
  Libertarian Party (1840) – (LI-1840)
  Progressive Party (1912) – (PR-1912)
  Progressive Party (1924) – (PR-1924)
  Progressive Party (1948) – (PR-1948)
  Prohibition Party – (PRO)
  Reform Party – (RE)
  Republican Party – (R)
  Whig Party – (W)
Note – A double dagger (‡) indicates the national winner.

1788–89 to 1820

[edit]

In elections before 1828, New York did not conduct a popular vote. The state legislature appointed each Elector.[6]

Presidential elections in New York from 1788–89 to 1820
Year Winner Runner-up EV Ref.
Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes %
1788–89
George Washington (I)
N/A [b]
George Washington (I)
12
John Adams (F)
Thomas Jefferson (DR)
12
Thomas Jefferson (DR)
John Adams (F)
12
Thomas Jefferson (DR)
Charles C. Pinckney (F)
19
James Madison (DR)
Charles C. Pinckney (F)
19
James Madison (DR)
DeWitt Clinton (F)
29
James Monroe (DR)
Rufus King (F)
29
James Monroe (DR)
29

1824

[edit]

The election of 1824 was a complex realigning election following the collapse of the prevailing Democratic-Republican Party, resulting in four different candidates each claiming to carry the banner of the party, and competing for influence in different parts of the country. The election was the only one in history to be decided by the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution after no candidate secured a majority of the electoral vote.[23] It was also the only presidential election in which the candidate who received a plurality of electoral votes (Andrew Jackson) did not become president, a source of great bitterness for Jackson and his supporters, who proclaimed the election of Adams a corrupt bargain.[24]This election marks the last time the New York State Legislature chose the state's electors as opposed to using some form of popular vote method.[6]

1860 Presidential election in New York
Year Winner Runner-up Runner-up Runner-up Total
EV
Ref.
Candidate EV Candidate EV Candidate EV Candidate EV
1824 John Quincy Adams (DR) 26 William H. Crawford (DR) 5 Andrew Jackson (DR) 1 Henry Clay (DR) 4 36

1828

[edit]

In this election, each district's election result decided the electoral college.[27]

1828 Presidential election in New York
Year Winner Runner-up Total
EV
Ref.
Candidate Votes % EV Candidate Votes % EV
1828 Andrew Jackson (D) 139,412 51.45% 20 John Quincy Adams (NR) 131,563 48.55% 16 36

1832 to 1856

[edit]
Presidential elections in New York from 1828 to 1856
Year Winner Runner-up Other candidate[e] EV Ref.
Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes %
1832 Andrew Jackson (D) 168,497 52.1% Henry Clay (NR) 154,896 47.9%
42
1836 Martin Van Buren (D) 166,795 54.63% William Henry Harrison (W) 138,548 45.37%
42
1840 William Henry Harrison (W) 226,001 51.18% Martin Van Buren (D) 212,733 48.18% James G. Birney (LI-1840) 2,809 0.64% 42
1844 James K. Polk (D) 237,588 48.9% Henry Clay (W) 232,482 47.85% James G. Birney (LI-1840) 15,812 3.25% 36
1848 Zachary Taylor (W) 218,583 47.94% Martin Van Buren (FS) 120,497 26.43% Lewis Cass (D) 114,319 25.07% 36
1852 Franklin Pierce (D) 262,083 50.18% Winfield Scott (W) 234,882 44.97% John P. Hale (FS) 25,329 4.85% 35
1856 John C. Frémont (R) 276,004 46.27% James Buchanan (D) 195,878 32.84% Millard Fillmore (KN) 124,604 20.89% 6

1860

[edit]

The election of 1860 was a complex realigning election in which the breakdown of the previous two-party alignment culminated in four parties each competing for influence in different parts of the country.[50] The result of the election, with the victory of an ardent opponent of slavery, spurred the secession of eleven states and brought about the American Civil War.[51]

1860 Presidential election in New York
Year Winner Runner-up EV Ref.
Candidate Votes
(%)
Candidate Votes
(%)
1860 Abraham Lincoln (R) 362,646
(53.71%)
Stephen A. Douglas (D), John C. Breckinridge (SD) and John Bell (CU) 312,510
(46.29%)
35

1864 to present

[edit]
Presidential elections in New York from 1864 to present
Year Winner Runner-up Other candidate[f] EV Ref.
Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes %
Abraham Lincoln (NU) 368,735 50.46% George B. McClellan (D) 361,986 49.54%
33
Horatio Seymour (D) 429,883 50.59% Ulysses S. Grant (R) 419,888 49.41%
33
Ulysses S. Grant (R) 440,738 53.23% Horace Greeley (LR) 387,282 46.77%
35
Samuel J. Tilden (D) 521,949 51.4% Rutherford B. Hayes (R) 489,207 48.17% Green Smith (PRO) 2,369 0.23% 35
James A. Garfield (R) 555,544 50.32% Winfield S. Hancock (D) 534,511 48.42% James B. Weaver (GB) 12,373 1.12% 35
Grover Cleveland (D) 563,154 48.25% James G. Blaine (R) 562,005 48.15% John St. John (PRO) 25,006 2.14% 36
Benjamin Harrison (R) 650,338 49.28% Grover Cleveland (D) 635,965 48.19% Clinton Fisk (PRO) 30,231 2.29% 36
Grover Cleveland (D) 654,868 48.99% Benjamin Harrison (R) 609,350 45.58% John Bidwell (PRO) 38,190 2.86% 36
William McKinley (R) 819,838 57.58% William Jennings Bryan (D) 551,369 38.72% John McAuley Palmer (ND) 18,950 1.33% 36
William McKinley (R) 822,013 53.1% William Jennings Bryan (D) 678,462 43.83% John G. Woolley (PRO) 22,077 1.43% 36
Theodore Roosevelt (R) 859,533 53.13% Alton B. Parker (D) 683,981 42.28% Eugene V. Debs (S) 36,883 2.28% 39
William Howard Taft (R) 870,070 53.11% William Jennings Bryan (D) 667,468 40.74% Eugene V. Debs (S) 38,451 2.35% 39
Woodrow Wilson (D) 655,573 41.27% William Howard Taft (R) 455,487 28.68% Theodore Roosevelt (PR-1912) 390,093 24.56% 45
Charles Evans Hughes (R) 879,238 51.53% Woodrow Wilson (D) 759,426 44.51% Allan L. Benson (S) 45,944 2.69% 45
Warren G. Harding (R) 1,871,167 64.56% James M. Cox (D) 781,238 26.95% Eugene V. Debs (S) 203,201 7.01% 45
Calvin Coolidge (R) 1,820,058 55.76% John W. Davis (D) 950,796 29.13% Robert M. La Follette (PR-1924) 474,913 14.55% 45
Herbert Hoover (R) 2,193,344 49.79% Al Smith (D) 2,089,863 47.44% Norman Thomas (S) 107,332 2.44% 45
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) 2,534,959 54.07% Herbert Hoover (R) 1,937,963 41.33% Norman Thomas (S) 177,397 3.78% 47
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) 3,293,222 58.85% Alf Landon (R) 2,180,670 38.97% Norman Thomas (S) 86,897 1.55% 47
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) 3,251,918 51.5% Wendell Willkie (R) 2,180,670 47.95% Norman Thomas (S) 18,950 0.3% 47
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) 3,304,238 52.31% Thomas E. Dewey (R) 2,987,647 47.3% Edward A. Teichert (SLP) 14,352 0.23% 47
Thomas E. Dewey (R) 2,841,163 45.99% Harry S. Truman (D) 2,780,204 45.01% Henry A. Wallace (PR-1948) 509,559 8.25% 47
Dwight D. Eisenhower (R) 3,952,815 55.45% Adlai Stevenson II (D) 3,104,601 43.55% Vincent Hallinan (ALP) 64,211 0.9% 45
Dwight D. Eisenhower (R) 4,345,506 61.24% Adlai Stevenson II (D) 2,458,282 34.64% Write-ins 2,521 0.04% 45
John F. Kennedy (D) 3,830,085 52.53% Richard Nixon (R) 3,446,419 47.27% Farrell Dobbs (SWP) 14,319 0.2% 45
Lyndon B. Johnson (D) 4,913,156 68.56% Barry Goldwater (R) 2,243,559 31.31% Eric Hass (SLP) 6,085 0.5% 43
Hubert Humphrey (D) 3,378,470 49.76% Richard Nixon (R) 3,007,932 44.3% George Wallace (AI) 358,864 5.29% 43
Richard Nixon (R) 4,192,778 58.54% George McGovern (D) 2,951,084 41.21% Evelyn Reed (SWP) 7,797 0.11% 41
Jimmy Carter (D) 3,389,558 51.87% Gerald Ford (R) 3,100,791 47.46% Roger MacBride (LI) 12,197 0.19% 41
Ronald Reagan (R) 2,893,831 46.66% Jimmy Carter (D) 2,728,372 43.99% John B. Anderson (I) 467,801 7.54% 41
Ronald Reagan (R) 3,664,763 53.84% Walter Mondale (D) 3,119,609 45.83% David Bergland (LI) 11,949 0.18% 36
Michael Dukakis (D) 3,347,882 51.62% George H. W. Bush (R) 3,081,871 47.52% Ron Paul (LI) 20,497 0.32% 36
Bill Clinton (D) 3,444,450 49.73% George H. W. Bush (R) 2,346,649 33.88% Ross Perot (I) 1,090,721 15.75% 33
Bill Clinton (D) 3,756,177 59.47% Bob Dole (R) 1,933,492 30.61% Ross Perot (RE) 503,458 7.97% 33
Al Gore (D) 4,113,791 60.22% George W. Bush (R) 2,405,676 35.22% Ralph Nader (G) 244,398 3.58% 33
John Kerry (D) 4,314,280 58.37% George W. Bush (R) 2,962,567 40.08% Ralph Nader (I) 99,873 1.35% 31
Barack Obama (D) 4,804,945 62.88% John McCain (R) 2,752,771 36.03% Ralph Nader (I) 41,249 0.54% 31
Barack Obama (D) 4,485,741 63.35% Mitt Romney (R) 2,490,431 35.17% Gary Johnson (LI) 47,256 0.07% 29
Hillary Clinton (D) 4,556,124 59.38% Donald Trump (R) 2,819,534 36.75% Gary Johnson (LI) 176,598 2.3% 29
Joe Biden (D) 5,244,886 60.87% Donald Trump (R) 3,251,997 37.74% Jo Jorgensen (LI) 60,383 0.7% 29
Kamala Harris (D) 4,619,195 55.12% Donald Trump (R) 3,578,899 42.71% Write-ins 182,364 2.18% 28

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ George Washington, 1792.
  2. ^ Washington effectively ran unopposed nationally, but New York did not participate due to a deadlock in the state legislature.[1][2]
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Electors were appointed by state legislature.
  4. ^ a b Ran unopposed
  5. ^ For purposes of these lists, other national candidates are defined as those who won at least one electoral vote, or won at least ten percent of the vote in multiple states.
  6. ^ For purposes of these lists, other candidates are defined as those who were in third place in New York.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Merrill Jensen, Gordon DenBoer (1976). The Documentary History of the First Federal Elections, 1788-1790. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 196–197.
  2. ^ a b Ratcliffe, Donald (2013). "The Right to Vote and the Rise of Democracy, 1787-1828". Journal of the Early Republic. 33 (2): 225–229. doi:10.1353/jer.2013.0033. S2CID 145135025.
  3. ^ "Enrollment by County | New York State Board of Elections". Elections.ny.gov. Archived from the original on January 8, 2012. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
  4. ^ "New York Presidential Election Voting History". 270toWin. Archived from the original on 18 July 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  5. ^ "Status of National Popular Vote Bill in Each State". National Popular Vote Inc. November 11, 2016. Archived from the original on 2021-04-11. Retrieved 2023-05-05.
  6. ^ a b Moore, John L., ed. (1985). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, Inc. pp. 254–56.
  7. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 837.
  8. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 24.
  9. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 838.
  10. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 25.
  11. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 839.
  12. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 26.
  13. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 840.
  14. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 27.
  15. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 841.
  16. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 28.
  17. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 842.
  18. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 29.
  19. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 843.
  20. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 30.
  21. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 844.
  22. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 31.
  23. ^ "Why the Election of 1824 Was Called 'The Corrupt Bargain'". ThoughtCo. Archived from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved July 3, 2023.
  24. ^ Morgan, William G. (1967). "John Quincy Adams Versus Andrew Jackson: Their Biographers And The 'Corrupt Bargain' Charge". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 26 (1): 43–58. ISSN 0040-3261. JSTOR 42622916. Archived from the original on July 18, 2023. Retrieved July 3, 2023.
  25. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 755.
  26. ^ a b Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 87.
  27. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 10.
  28. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 756.
  29. ^ "1828 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  30. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 757.
  31. ^ a b Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 88.
  32. ^ "1832 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  33. ^ a b c d e f g Burnham 1955, p. 248.
  34. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 758.
  35. ^ "1836 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 3 December 2008. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  36. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 759.
  37. ^ a b Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 89.
  38. ^ "1840 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  39. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 760.
  40. ^ "1844 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  41. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 761.
  42. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 90.
  43. ^ "1848 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  44. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 762.
  45. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 91.
  46. ^ "1852 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  47. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 763.
  48. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 92.
  49. ^ "1856 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  50. ^ Egerton, Douglas (2010). Year of Meteors: Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln, and the Election That Brought on the Civil War. Bloomsbury Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-59691-619-7.
  51. ^ Walther, Eric H. (2006). William Lowndes Yancey and the coming of the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 262. ISBN 9780807830277. Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  52. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 764.
  53. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 93.
  54. ^ "1860 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  55. ^ a b c d e f g h Burnham 1955, p. 249.
  56. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 765.
  57. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 94.
  58. ^ "1864 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  59. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 766.
  60. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 95.
  61. ^ "1868 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  62. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 767.
  63. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 96.
  64. ^ "1872 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  65. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 768.
  66. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 97.
  67. ^ "1876 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  68. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 769.
  69. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 98.
  70. ^ "1880 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  71. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 770.
  72. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 99.
  73. ^ "1884 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  74. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 771.
  75. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 100.
  76. ^ "1888 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  77. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 772.
  78. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 101.
  79. ^ "1892 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  80. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 773.
  81. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 102.
  82. ^ "1896 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  83. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 774.
  84. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 103.
  85. ^ "1900 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  86. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 775.
  87. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 104.
  88. ^ "1904 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  89. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 776.
  90. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 105.
  91. ^ "1908 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  92. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 777.
  93. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 106.
  94. ^ "1912 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  95. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 778.
  96. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 107.
  97. ^ "1916 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  98. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 779.
  99. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 108.
  100. ^ "1920 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  101. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 780.
  102. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 109.
  103. ^ "1924 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  104. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 781.
  105. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 110.
  106. ^ "1928 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  107. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 782.
  108. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 111.
  109. ^ "1932 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  110. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 783.
  111. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 112.
  112. ^ "1936 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  113. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 784.
  114. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 113.
  115. ^ "1940 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  116. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 785.
  117. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 114.
  118. ^ "1944 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  119. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 786.
  120. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 115.
  121. ^ "1948 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  122. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 787.
  123. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 116.
  124. ^ "1952 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  125. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 788.
  126. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 117.
  127. ^ "1956 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  128. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 789.
  129. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 118.
  130. ^ "1960 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 16 September 2006. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  131. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 790.
  132. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 119.
  133. ^ "1964 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  134. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 791.
  135. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 120.
  136. ^ "1968 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  137. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 792.
  138. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 121.
  139. ^ "1972 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  140. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 793.
  141. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 122.
  142. ^ "1976 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
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Works cited

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