Ponginae

Orangoutan

Pongo pygmaeus

Rummatadur filogenetek

Riezad :

Skourrad :

Kevrennad :

Urzhad :

Kerentiad :

Iskerentiad :

D'ar vevoniezh

e tenn ar pennad-mañ.

Ar Ponginae zo un iskerentiad eus kerentiad an Hominidae. Gwezhall e oa ul lignez marmouzed eus Eurazia ennañ meur a spesad, hiziv n'eus ken ur genad en iskerentiad, Pongo (orangoutaned), ennañ tri spesad : orangoutaned Sumatra (Pongo abelii), orangoutaned Tapanuli (Pongo tapanuliensis,) ha orangoutaned Borneo (Pongo pygmaeus). Emañ en tri spesad war-nes mont da get en natur hervez an IUCN^[1]^[2]^[3]

Istor an emdroadur

Anadiñ a reas ar genadoù ponginae kentañ, Sivapithecus ha Khoratpithecus^[4]^[5], er Miosen, 6 pe 7 milion a vloavezhioù a-raok ma vefe kavet roudoù eus orangoutaned er Pleistosen e Gevred Azia hag e su Sina^[6]. Ar genadoù Lufengpithecus, Ankarapithecus, ha Gigantopithecus a c'hallfe mont e-barzh ar Ponginae ivez. Koulskoude an dielfennadur filogenetek kaset da benn e 2004, a ziskoueze da gentañ e oa tost-kenañ Lufengpithecus hag Ankarapithecus d'an orangoutaned, en deus roet disoc'hoù diheñvel "gant un hentenn dezrannañ hag a glaske bihanaat kudennoù stratigrafek"^[7]

Ar genad Ponginae karrekaet zo anavet ar gwellañ eo Sivapithecus, ennañ meur a spesad o doa bevet etre 12,5 milion ha 8,5 milion a vloavezhioù zo. Disheñvel eo o dent ha morfologiezh tu a-dreñv o c'hlopenn diouzh re an orangoutaned^[7].

Taksonomiezh

Ponginae^[8]

†Lufengpithecini
- †Lufengpithecus
  - Lufengpithecus lufengensis
  - Lufengpithecus keiyuanensis
  - Lufengpithecus hudienensis
†Sivapithecini
- †AnkarapithecusPatrom:Failed verification
  - Ankarapithecus meteai
- †Sivapithecus
  - Sivapithecus brevirostris
  - Sivapithecus punjabicus
  - Sivapithecus parvada
  - Sivapithecus sivalensis
  - Sivapithecus indicus
- †Gigantopithecus
  - Gigantopithecus bilaspurensis
  - Gigantopithecus blacki
- †Indopithecus
  - Indopithecus giganteus
Pongini
- †Khoratpithecus
  - Khoratpithecus ayeyarwadyensis
  - Khoratpithecus piriyai
  - Khoratpithecus chiangmuanensis
- Pongo (orangutans)
  - †Pongo hooijeri
  - †Pongo weidenreichi
  - Sumatran orangutan, Pongo abelii
  - Bornean orangutan, Pongo pygmaeus
  - Tapanuli orangutan, Pongo tapanuliensis

Notennoù

↑ Singleton, Ian; Wich, Serge A.; Nowak, Matthew G.; Usher, Graham; Utami-Atmoko, Sri Suchi (2017). "Pongo abelii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2017 : e.T121097935A115575085. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T121097935A115575085.en.
↑ Ancrenaz, Mark; Gumal, M.; Marshall, Andrew; Meijaard, Erik; Wich, Serge A.; Hussons, Steve J. (2016). "Pongo pygmaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016.1. 2016: e.T17975A17966347. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T17975A17966347.en.
↑ Nowak, Matthew G.; Rianti, Puji; Wich, Serge A.; Meijaard, Erik; Fredriksson, Gabriella (2017). "Pongo tapanuliensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017.3. 2017: e.T120588639A120588662. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T120588639A120588662.en.
↑ (2004) "Reassessing hominoid phylogeny: Evaluating congruence in the morphological and temporal data". Paleobiology 30 (4): 614. DOI:<0614:RHPECI>2.0.CO;2 10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030<0614:RHPECI>2.0.CO;2
↑ (2004) "A new orang-utan relative from the Late Miocene of Thailand". Nature 427 (6973): 439��441. DOI:10.1038/nature02245
↑ (2001) "The first discovery of a complete skeleton of a fossil orang-utan in a cave of the Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam". Journal of Human Evolution 41 (3): 227–241. DOI:10.1006/jhev.2001.0496
↑ ^7,0 ha^7,1 Taylor, C. (2011). Old men of the woods. Palaeos.
↑ Haaramo, Mikko (2004-02-04). Pongidae. Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. after Begun, 2002, Chaimanee et al., 2003 and Chaimanee et al., 2004.

[1] Singleton, Ian; Wich, Serge A.; Nowak, Matthew G.; Usher, Graham; Utami-Atmoko, Sri Suchi (2017). "Pongo abelii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2017 : e.T121097935A115575085. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T121097935A115575085.en.

[2] Ancrenaz, Mark; Gumal, M.; Marshall, Andrew; Meijaard, Erik; Wich, Serge A.; Hussons, Steve J. (2016). "Pongo pygmaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016.1. 2016: e.T17975A17966347. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T17975A17966347.en.

[3] Nowak, Matthew G.; Rianti, Puji; Wich, Serge A.; Meijaard, Erik; Fredriksson, Gabriella (2017). "Pongo tapanuliensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017.3. 2017: e.T120588639A120588662. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T120588639A120588662.en.

[FinarelliClyde2004-4] (2004) "Reassessing hominoid phylogeny: Evaluating congruence in the morphological and temporal data". Paleobiology 30 (4): 614. DOI:<0614:RHPECI>2.0.CO;2 10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030<0614:RHPECI>2.0.CO;2

[Chaimanee_etal2004-5] (2004) "A new orang-utan relative from the Late Miocene of Thailand". Nature 427 (6973): 439��441. DOI:10.1038/nature02245

[BaconLong2002-6] (2001) "The first discovery of a complete skeleton of a fossil orang-utan in a cave of the Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam". Journal of Human Evolution 41 (3): 227–241. DOI:10.1006/jhev.2001.0496

[Taylor2011-7] 7,0 ha^7,1 Taylor, C. (2011). Old men of the woods. Palaeos.

[8] Haaramo, Mikko (2004-02-04). Pongidae. Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. after Begun, 2002, Chaimanee et al., 2003 and Chaimanee et al., 2004.

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