Amy B. H. Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden

The 12-acre (4.9 ha) garden is owned by a community nonprofit called Friends of Amy B. H. Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden. It is located at 19°29′29″N 155°54′43″W / 19.49139°N 155.91194°W / 19.49139; -155.91194 uphill (mauka) of the Hawaii Belt Road, known as Māmalahoa Highway or Hawaii Route 11, on the western slope of Mauna Loa.

Amy Beatrice Holdsworth Greenwell was born in 1920. Her father was Arthur Leonard Greenwell and mother was Beatrice Hunt Holdsworth. She was one of the 23 grandchildren of Henry Nicholas Greenwell, who arrived in Hawaii in the 1850s and became a successful merchant and rancher in the area. Her maternal grandparents were merchant Edmund William Holdsworth and Edith Mary Winifred Purvis, a distant cousin of William Herbert Purvis, a plant collector on the other side of the island.^[2][3]

Greenwell attended Stanford University where she became a member of Gamma Phi Beta and served as a nurse in World War II. After the war she worked with Otto Degener of the New York Botanical Garden on a book series titled Flora Hawaiiensis on Hawaiian plants.^[4] From 1953 to 1957 she served on a Historical Site Commission for the Territory.^[5] She performed archaeology studies of early habitation sites of Hawaii including Ka Lae (South Point), and wrote other books on tropical plants. Later in her lifetime she transformed her property by planting native and Polynesian-introduced plants in the extant Hawaiian agricultural areas. She left the garden to the Bishop Museum on her death in 1974 to be opened to the public.^[4] The museum closed the gardens to the public on January 31, 2016, and is trying to sell the land.^[1] The garden is slated to re-open on February 29, 2020.^[6]

Today the garden contains over 200 species of endemic, indigenous, and Polynesian-introduced plants that grew in Kona before Captain James Cook's arrival. On Sundays the garden is open from 9 am until 2 pm and it is sometimes possible to take a guided tour during which the use and significance of the more important plants are explained. The garden's landscape includes four ecological zones: coastal, dry forest, agricultural, and upland forest. Its native insect house features the Kamehameha butterfly (Vanessa tameamea).^[7]

The garden sponsors a farmers' market known as the South Kona Green Market on Sundays. It was originally held at the adjacent County of Hawaii park named for Arthur Leonard Greenwell, but is now held a few hundred feet to the southeast at the Kealakekua Ranch Center, named for the former Arthur Leonard Greenwell family ranch which extended up the mountain, overlooking Kealakekua Bay.^[8] Across the highway the Kona Coffee Living History Farm run by the Kona Historical Society preserves a Kona coffee farm that was another part of the Greenwell landholdings.^[9]

In November 2019, the Friends of Amy B. H. Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden announced their successful purchase of the land from the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum.^[10] The organization plans to perpetuate the cultural and educational legacy of the garden. The garden will re-open to the public on February 29, 2020.^{[needs update]}

• List of botanical gardens in the United States

• Allen, Melinda S. (January 2001). Gardens of Lono: archaeological investigations at the Amy B.H. Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden, Kealakekua, Hawaiʻi. Bishop Museum Press. ISBN 978-1-58178-008-6.
• Lincoln, Noa Kekuewa (2009). Amy Greenwell Garden Ethnobotanical Guide to Native Hawaiian Plants & Polynesian-Introduced Plants. Bishop Museum Press. ISBN 978-1-58178-092-5. Archived from the original on 2010-04-09. Retrieved 2010-09-01.

• Amy B. H. Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden official web site
• Hawaiʻi seed exchange held there