BIND (/ˈbaɪnd/) is a suite of software for interacting with the Domain Name System (DNS). Its most prominent component, named (pronounced name-dee: /ˈneɪmdiː/, short for name daemon), performs both of the main DNS server roles, acting as an authoritative name server for DNS zones and as a recursive resolver in the network. As of 2015, it is the most widely used domain name server software,[2][3][4] and is the de facto standard on Unix-like operating systems.[5][6] Also contained in the suite are various administration tools such as nsupdate and dig, and a DNS resolver interface library.
| Original author(s) | Douglas Terry, Mark Painter, David Riggle, Songnian Zhou |
|---|---|
| Developer(s) | Internet Systems Consortium |
| Initial release | June 1986 |
| Stable release | |
| Preview release | 9.21.3
/ 11 December 2024 |
| Repository | |
| Operating system | Linux, NetBSD, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, macOS |
| Type | DNS server |
| License | Mozilla Public License[1] |
| Website | www |
The software was originally designed at the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) in the early 1980s. The name originates as an acronym of Berkeley Internet Name Domain,[7] reflecting the application's use within UCB. The current version is BIND 9, first released in 2000 and still actively maintained by the Internet Systems Consortium (ISC) with new releases issued several times a year.
Key features
editBIND 9 is intended to be fully compliant with the IETF DNS standards and draft standards. Important features of BIND 9 include: TSIG, nsupdate, IPv6, RNDC (remote name daemon control), views, multiprocessor support, Response Rate Limiting (RRL), DNSSEC, and broad portability. RNDC enables remote configuration updates, using a shared secret to provide encryption for local and remote terminals during each session.
Database support
editWhile earlier versions of BIND offered no mechanism to store and retrieve zone data in anything other than flat text files, in 2007 BIND 9.4[8] DLZ provided a compile-time option for zone storage in a variety of database formats including LDAP, Berkeley DB, PostgreSQL, MySQL, and ODBC.
BIND 10 planned to make the data store modular, so that a variety of databases may be connected.[9] In 2016 ISC added support for the 'dyndb' interface, contributed by RedHat, with BIND version 9.11.0.[10]
Security
editSecurity issues that are discovered in BIND 9 are patched and publicly disclosed in keeping with common principles of open source software. A complete list of security defects that have been discovered and disclosed in BIND9 is maintained by Internet Systems Consortium, the current authors of the software.[11]
The BIND 4 and BIND 8 releases both had serious security vulnerabilities. Use of these ancient versions, or any un-maintained, non-supported version is strongly discouraged.[12] BIND 9 was a complete rewrite, in part to mitigate these ongoing security issues. The downloads page on the ISC web site clearly shows which versions are currently maintained and which are end of life.
History
editBIND was originally written by four graduate students at the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) at the University of California, Berkeley, Douglas Terry, Mark Painter, David Riggle and Songnian Zhou, in the early 1980s as a result of a DARPA grant. The acronym BIND is for Berkeley Internet Name Domain, from a technical paper published in 1984.[7] It was first released with Berkeley Software Distribution 4.3BSD.
Versions of BIND through 4.8.3 were maintained by the CSRG.[13]
Paul Vixie of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) took over BIND development in 1988, releasing versions 4.9 and 4.9.1. Vixie continued to work on BIND after leaving DEC. BIND Version 4.9.2 was sponsored by Vixie Enterprises. Vixie eventually founded the Internet Software Consortium (ISC), which became the entity responsible for BIND versions starting with 4.9.3.[13]
BIND 8 was released by ISC in May 1997.[13]
Version 9 was developed by Nominum, Inc. under an ISC outsourcing contract, and the first version was released 9 October 2000.[14] It was written from scratch in part to address the architectural difficulties with auditing the earlier BIND code bases, and also to support DNSSEC (DNS Security Extensions). The development of BIND 9 took place under a combination of commercial and military contracts. Most of the features of BIND 9 were funded by UNIX vendors who wanted to ensure that BIND stayed competitive with Microsoft's DNS offerings;[citation needed] the DNSSEC features were funded by the US military, which regarded DNS security as important. BIND 9 was released in September 2000.[13]
In 2009, ISC started an effort to develop a new version of the software suite, initially called BIND10. In addition to DNS service, the BIND10 suite also included IPv4 and IPv6 DHCP server components. In April 2014, with BIND10 release 1.2.0 the ISC concluded its involvement in the project and renamed it to Bundy,[15][16] moving the source code repository to GitHub[17] for further development by outside public efforts.[18] ISC discontinued its involvement in the project due to cost-cutting measures.[19] The development of DHCP components was split off to become a new Kea project.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "LICENSE in main BIND 9 branch".
- ^ "BIND – The most widely used Name Server Software". Internet Systems Consortium. 8 September 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
- ^ Moore, Don (23 May 2004). "DNS server survey". Retrieved 17 September 2015.
- ^ Huston, Geoff (October 2015). "Happy Eyeballs for the DNS, (see slide 37)" (PDF). APNIC. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
- ^ Huck Jr., Paul E. (June 2001). Zero Configuration Name Services for IP Networks (M.Eng). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. hdl:1721.1/86716.
- ^ Bal, Rohit G. (January 2017). "Local Area Network automatic Domain name System (LANDS)". Nepal Engineering College. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
- ^ a b Terry, Douglas B.; Painter, Mark; Riggle, David W.; Zhou, Songnian (May 1984). The Berkeley Internet Name Domain Server (Technical report). EECS Department, University of California, Berkeley. UCB/CSD-84-182. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
- ^ Andrews, Mark (24 February 2007). "BIND 9.4.0 is now available". Retrieved 17 September 2015.
- ^ "Kea: Design overview". ISC. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
- ^ "Dyndb compared to DLZ".
- ^ Conry, Brian (12 November 2015). "BIND 9 Security Vulnerability Matrix". Internet Systems Consortium. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
- ^ Hudson, P.; Hudson, A.; Ball, B.; Duff, H. (2005). Red Hat Fedora 4 Unleashed. Sams Publishing. p. 723. ISBN 0-672-32792-9.
- ^ a b c d ISC (31 October 2016). "History of BIND". Retrieved 10 August 2017.
- ^ "BIND 9 Authored by Nominum Development Team Now Available on Internet Software Consortium Site". 6 October 2000. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
- ^ Consortium, Internet Systems (17 April 2014). "ISC Concludes BIND 10 Development with Release 1.2". www.isc.org. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
- ^ "Bundy, authoritative DNS and DHCP server".
- ^ "bundy repo at GitHub". GitHub. 29 July 2022.
- ^ "BIND 10 Release 1.2 available". 17 April 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
- ^ "ISC releases BIND 10 1.2, renames it, and turns it over to community". Linux Weekly News. 17 April 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
Further reading
edit- Liu, Cricket; Albitz, Paul (May 2006). DNS and BIND (5th ed.). ISBN 978-0-596-10057-5.
- Reed, Jeremy C., ed. (January 2016). BIND DNS Administration Reference: Name Server Operations and DNS Configuration using BIND (2nd ed.). ISBN 978-1-937516-03-1.
External links
edit- The official BIND site at Internet Systems Consortium (ISC.org)
- The BIND Gitlab repo and issue tracker
- History of BIND
- BIND Release Strategy
- "Cricket Liu Interviewed: DNS and BIND" (5th ed.). 10 May 2006.
- Bundy Project
- Create new BIND zonefile Archived 12 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine
- Geo-IP Info graphic