Carduelis

Carduelis
	The European goldfinch belongs to a group of red- or yellow-faced species
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Fringillidae
Subfamily:	Carduelinae
Genus:	Carduelis; Brisson, 1760
Type species
	Fringilla carduelis; Linnaeus, 1758
Species
	3, see text

The genus Carduelis^[2] is a group of birds in the finch family Fringillidae.

The genus Carduelis was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 by tautonomy based on Carl Linnaeus's specific epithet for the European goldfinch Fringilla carduelis.^[3]^[4] The name carduelis is the Latin word for the European goldfinch.^[5]

The polyphyletic nature of the genus was confirmed by Dario Zuccon and coworkers in a comprehensive study of the finch family published in 2012. The authors suggested splitting the genus into several monophyletic clades, a proposal that was accepted by the International Ornithologists' Union.^[6] The siskins and goldfinches from the Americas formed a distinct clade and were moved to the resurrected genus Spinus, the greenfinches were moved to the genus Chloris, the twite and linnets formed another clade and were moved to the genus Linaria and finally the redpolls were moved to the genus Acanthis.^[7]

Species

The genus Carduelis is now restricted to three European species:^[7]

Genus **Carduelis** – Brisson, 1760 – three species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
European goldfinch	Carduelis carduelis (Linnaeus, 1758) Fourteen subspecies C. c. balcanica Sachtleben, 1919 – southeastern European C. c. brevirostris Zarudny, 1890 – Crimea, the northern Caucasus C. c. britannica (Hartert, 1903) – the British Isles C. c. carduelis (Linnaeus, 1758) – most of the European mainland, Scandinavia C. c. colchica Koudashev, 1915 – Crimea and the northern Caucasus C. c. frigoris Wolters, 1953 – western Siberia C. c. niediecki Reichenow, 1907 – southwest Asia (Rhodes, Karpathos, Cyprus, Egypt to Asia Minor, North Iraq, Southwest Iran, Northeast Africa C. c. parva Tschusi, 1901 – the Atlantic Macaronesic islands (the Canary Islands, Madeira), Iberia, northwest Africa C. c. tschusii Arrigoni degli Oddi, 1902 – Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily C. c. volgensis Buturlin, 1906 – southern Ukraine, southwestern Russia and northwestern Kazakhstan C. c. caniceps Vigors, 1831 – southern central Asia (W Himalayas - Kashmir to Nepal and West Tibet) C. c. paropanisi Kollibay, 1910 – Afghanistan to the western Himalaya and Tien Shan Mountains C. c. subulata (Gloger, 1833) – south-central Siberia to Lake Baikal and Northwest Mongolia C. c. ultima Koelz, 1949 – southern Iran	Europe, North Africa and western Asia.	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Citril finch	Carduelis citrinella (Pallas, 1764)	Europe from Spain to the Alps	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Corsican finch	Carduelis corsicana (Koenig, 1899)	Corsica and on the Italian islands of Sardinia, Elba, Capraia and Gorgona	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC

References

^ "Fringillidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
^ From Latin carduus, "thistle". Thistle seeds are a favorite food of many species.
^ Paynter, Raymond A. Jnr., ed. (1968). Check-list of birds of the world, Volume 14. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 234.
^ Brisson, Mathurin Jacques. Ornithologie (in Latin and French). Paris. Volume 1 p. 36; Volume 3 p. 53.
^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
^ Zuccon, Dario; Prŷs-Jones, Robert; Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Ericson, Per G.P. (2012). "The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 62 (2): 581–596. Bibcode:2012MolPE..62..581Z. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002. PMID 22023825.
^ ^a ^b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Finches, euphonias". World Bird List Version 5.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 5 June 2015.

External links

Carduelis videos, photos and sounds on the Internet Bird Collection

[HM4-1] "Fringillidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.

[2] From Latin carduus, "thistle". Thistle seeds are a favorite food of many species.

[3] Paynter, Raymond A. Jnr., ed. (1968). Check-list of birds of the world, Volume 14. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 234.

[4] Brisson, Mathurin Jacques. Ornithologie (in Latin and French). Paris. Volume 1 p. 36; Volume 3 p. 53.

[job-5] Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

[6] Zuccon, Dario; Prŷs-Jones, Robert; Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Ericson, Per G.P. (2012). "The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 62 (2): 581–596. Bibcode:2012MolPE..62..581Z. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002. PMID 22023825.

[iou-7] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Finches, euphonias". World Bird List Version 5.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 5 June 2015.

[2]