Mahuika crater was a hypothesized impact crater named after the Māori god of fire. It was described as being about 20 ± 2 km (12.4 ± 1.2 mi) wide and over 153 meters (502 ft) deep and on the New Zealand continental shelf at 48.3 South and 166.4 East,[1] to the south of The Snares. A 2017 survey of the purported site found no evidence supporting the existence of the crater.
Initial claims of discovery
editThe crater was reported and named by Dallas Abbott and her colleagues from the Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University.[2] Based on elemental anomalies, fossils, and minerals, which are interpreted to be derived from the impact, found in an ice core from the Siple Dome in Antarctica, it is argued that the impact which created the Mahuika crater occurred around 1443 AD,[3] but other sources have placed the date as 13 February 1491 AD.[4]
Some evidence suggests that the tsunami it caused was observed by Aboriginal Australians and entered into their oral traditions.[5][6]
Doubts over existence
editIn 2010 a paper was published in Marine Geology which critically analysed Abbott's claims regarding the origin of the Mahuika crater. The researchers determined that there was no evidence to indicate a comet created the crater, and therefore the possibility of an impact causing the tsunami was highly unlikely.[7]
A 2017 survey by the NIWA research vessel, RV Tangaroa, using a multibeam echosounder and a sub-bottom profiling system show no evidence for any crater-like feature in the position reported by Abbott and her colleagues. Instead, the site is typical flat continental shelf lying in 160 meters (528 ft) of water. Subsequent bathymetric data compilation and analysis, as part of The Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project, shows no crater-life features on the continental shelf of southern New Zealand.[8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Myth and Geology, Volume 273 of Special publication - Geological Society of London, Luigi Piccardi, W. Bruce Masse, Geological Society of London, 2007, page 203, ISBN 1862392161, 9781862392168
- ^ Abbott, D.H., A. Matzen, E.A. Bryant, and S.F. Pekar (2003) Did a bolide impact cause catastrophic tsunamis in Australia and New Zealand? Archived 2011-03-17 at the Wayback Machine Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. 35:168.
- ^ Abbott, D.H., P. Biscaye, J. Cole-Dai, and D. Breger, 2005, Evidence from an Ice Core of a Large Impact Circa 1443 A.D. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2005, abstract #PP31C-05.
- ^ Bryant, Edward (2008). Tsunami: the underrated hazard. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-74274-6. OCLC 647679464.
- ^ Hamacher, Duane W. & Norris, Ray P. (2009). "Australian Aboriginal Geomythology: Eyewitness Accounts of Cosmic Impacts?" (PDF). Archaeoastronomy: The Journal of Astronomy in Culture. 22: 62–95, pages 68–69. arXiv:1009.4251. Bibcode:2009Arch...22...62H. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2015.
- ^ Bryant, E.A.; Walsh, G.; Abbott, D.H. (2007). "Cosmogenic Mega-Tsunami in the Australia Region: Are They Supported by Aboriginal and Maori Legends?". In Piccardi, L.; Masse, W. Bruce (eds.). Myth and Geology. Geological Society Special Publication No. 273. London: Geological Society. pp. 203–214. ISBN 978-1-86239-216-8.
- ^ Goff, James; et al. (2010). "Analysis of the Mahuika comet impact tsunami hypothesis". Marine Geology. 271 (3/4): 292–296. Bibcode:2010MGeol.271..292G. doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2010.02.020.
- ^ Mackay, Kevin A. (2022-09-15). "There is no geophysical evidence for the Mahuika Crater on the continental shelf southwest of New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics: 1–8. doi:10.1080/00288306.2022.2121288. ISSN 0028-8306. S2CID 252345830.
External links
edit- Abstract of Geological Society of America talk by Andrew K. Matzen on tektites from Mahuika crater
- …and the Fire from Heaven 2004 article disputing Mahuika impact origin of 15th century tsunami
- Expedition hunts giant meteor by S. Collins. Newspaper article about ongoing Mahuika impact research.
Further reading
edit- Hostile Shores:Catastrophic Events in Prehistoric New Zealand and their Impact on Maori Coastal Communities, Bruce McFadgen, 2007, Auckland University Press. ISBN 978-1-86940-390-4