The Moreton Bay Marine Park was established in 1993 to protect ecologically significant habitats in Moreton Bay.[2] The marine park extends from Caloundra south to the southern tip of South Stradbroke Island.[3] The marine park's border extends up to the highest tidal mark and covers a total of 3,400 km2.[4]
| Moreton Bay Marine Park Queensland | |
|---|---|
 Aerial photo of Mud Island, 2009 | |
 The coastline at Point Lookout is zoned as a conservation park | |
  Moreton Bay Marine Park | |
| Nearest town or city | Brisbane |
| Coordinates | 27°25′48″S 153°23′47″E / 27.43000°S 153.39639°E |
| Established | 1993 |
| Area | 3,400 km2 (1,312.7 sq mi) |
| Region | South East Queensland |
| Managing authorities | Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service[1] |
| Website | Moreton Bay Marine Park |
The marine park provides protection to sensitive reef sites near Tangalooma and Flinders Reef. It includes waterways such as Coombabah Lake, sheltered inlets, open ocean, mangrove forests, swamps, marshes, tidal mudflats, sandflats and seagrass beds.[5][6] It is a temporary home to migrating shorebirds that inhabit wetlands.[2] Dugongs, whales and turtles swim in the waters of the bay.[6] Six of the world's seven species of sea turtles habitat the park.[5]
The marine park is managed by the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service.[1] In 1971, a total of 18 countries signed a Convention on Wetlands of International Significance. It was signed in Ramsar, a city in Iran, and came to be known as the Ramsar Convention, which aimed at stopping global loss of wetlands, and conservation and sustainable management of the remaining wetlands. Moreton Bay is among Australia's largest sites which is listed under the Ramsar Convention.[7]
History
editThe Moreton Bay Marine Park was declared in 1993.[5] Commencing in 2008, the Queensland Government has spent AU2$ million to create three artificial reefs within the marine park.[8][9] One of these is Turner Reef, is 20-hectare (49-acre) site off the coast of Scarborough (27°11′47″S 153°07′45″E / 27.1963°S 153.1293°E).[10]
From 1 March 2009, activities in the marine park are designated under the Marine Park Zoning Plan. 16% of the bay is protected in green zones or marine national park zones.[11] This leaves 84% of the marine park available to anglers. The marine national park zones are classed as (IUCN Category II) while the remainder is classed as IUCN Category VI.[12]
In 2010, a comprehensive fish survey was conducted within the park.[13] 1,190 different fish species in total were found. Several new species were discovered.[13]
Mud discharged into bay from the Brisbane River during the 2010–2011 Queensland floods smothered many marine ecosystems with sediment.[14] Seagrass meadows found across the bay were especially exposed.
Marine Park Zoning Plan
edit
There are four zones in Moreton Bay Marine Park.[4] These are the Marine national park zone (green) which contain areas of high conservation value, Conservation park zone (yellow) allowing limited fishing and crabbing, Habitat protection (dark blue) zone for sensitive habitats with no trawling allowed and General use zone (light blue) allow activities such as trawling.[4] The zones are patrolled by rangers. Fines of up to A$500 for fishing in the green zone have been issued.[15]
Designated areas
edit
There are nine types of designated areas in the marine park.[4] These areas have been set aside so that specific issues that occur at specific locations can be properly managed. Examples of designated areas include Go slow areas to protect dugongs and turtles, No anchoring areas to protect sensitive reefs and Grey nurse shark areas designed to conserve the endangered shark species.[4]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Managing marine parks". Marine parks. Queensland Government. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
- ^ a b Reid, Greg (2004). Australia's National and Marine Parks: Queensland. South Yarra, Victoria: Macmillan Education Australia. p. 7. ISBN 0-7329-9053-X.
- ^ Department of National Parks, Recreation, Sport and Racing. "Moreton Bay Marine Park Zoning and Designated Areas Map" (PDF). The State of Queensland. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d e Department of National Parks, Recreation, Sport and Racing (12 June 2014). "Moreton Bay Marine Park". The State of Queensland. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c "Moreton Bay Marine Park". www.marineconservation.org.au. Australian Marine Conservation Society. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
- ^ a b Department of National Parks, Recreation, Sport and Racing (12 June 2014). "Moreton Bay Marine Park – Nature, culture and history". The State of Queensland. Retrieved 6 January 2010.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Nature, culture and history". Parks and Forests Queensland Government. 6 October 2009.
- ^ Andrew McNamara (16 December 2008). "Work begins on Moreton Bay's artificial reefs". Outdoors Queensland. Queensland Outdoor Recreation Federation. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
- ^ "Moreton Bay artificial reefs: Moreton Bay Marine Park". Parks and forests. Queensland Government. 27 October 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ "Artificial reef sites - Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 18 November 2020. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
- ^ Leah Fineran (19 July 2009). "Big fines for anglers in green zone". goldcoast.com.au. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
- ^ "Queensland – Marine Protected Areas by Type (2016) (please refer 'Detailed list' tab)". CAPAD 2016. The Department of Environment and Energy. 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
- ^ a b Biodiversity of Moreton Bay Queensland (Interview). The Science Show with Robyn Williams. ABC News. 5 February 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
- ^ Ruben Meerman (19 April 2012). Coastal Flood Impact. Catalyst. Moreton Bay: ABC News. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
- ^ "Crackdown on Moreton Bay green zones". ABC News. 30 September 2009. Retrieved 6 January 2010.