Usermaatre Setepenre Pami was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 22nd Dynasty who ruled for 7 years. "Pami" in Egyptian, means "the Cat" or "He who belongs to the Cat [Bastet]".[2]
| Pami | |
|---|---|
 Year 2 Apis stela from Pami's reign found in Saqqara. Louvre | |
| Pharaoh | |
| Reign | 785 – 778 BC |
| Predecessor | Shoshenq IV |
| Successor | Shoshenq V |
| Burial | NRT II, Tanis |
| Dynasty | 22nd Dynasty |
Identity
editPami's precise relationship with his immediate predecessor Shoshenq IV is unknown. He is attested as the father of Shoshenq V in a stela from the Serapeum of Saqqara, dating to the eleventh year of the latter's reign.
Pami was once assumed to be Pimay, the third son of Shoshenq III who served as the "Great Chief of Ma" under his father. However, the different orthographies of their names (Pami vs. Pimay) prove that they were 2 different individuals.
The name Pami translates as 'The Cat' in Egyptian whereas the name Pimay means 'The Lion.' Pami's name was mistakenly transcribed as Pimay by past historians based upon the identification with Shoshenq III's son. While a previous Dynasty 22 king held the title 'Great Chief of the Ma' before ascending the throne–namely Shoshenq I–Shoshenq III's son, if Pimay did indeed outlive his father, he should have then succeeded his father as king rather than the obscure Shoshenq IV who is not attested as a son of Shoshenq III. Consequently, it seems certain that Shoshenq III outlived all of his sons through his nearly four-decade-long reign.[citation needed]
While a minority of scholars hold to the traditional view that Pami was Pimay,[citation needed] no archaeological evidence proves that Pami was ever a son of Shoshenq III. Pami may have been a son of his obscure predecessor Shoshenq IV instead.[citation needed]
Reign length
edit
According to stelae discovered from the Serapeum of Saqqara, an Apis bull was buried in the second year of Pami's reign.[3] Pami's fourth year is known from Brooklyn papyrus ‘16.205.’[4] A small votive stela (Louvre C 275) presumably from Memphis reports a religious ceremony dated to Year 6 of king Pami's reign.[5][6]
On a reused stone block from an enclosure wall at Heliopolis, annals were found which document the deeds of various Twenty-second Dynasty pharaohs, however, only the section concerning Pami's reign had survived. It chronicles the king's annual donations to both the gods of the Great Temple of Heliopolis and to other local deities and temples in this city. While the ending of the block is damaged, the donation of the 7th regnal year can be clearly seen for Pami, with an entry for the subsequent year being possible.[7] Pami, therefore, could have reigned for nearly 7 full years.
References
edit- ^ Jürgen von Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (= Münchner ägyptologische Studien, vol 46), Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1999. ISBN 3-8053-2310-7, pp.190-91.
- ^ Peter Clayton, Chronicle of the Pharaohs, Thames & Hudson Ltd, (1994), p.185
- ^ Heba Maher Mahmoud Ahmed, "The Chronology of the Cat King (Pami)", Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 29-43, June 2, 2020
- ^ S. Bickel, M. Gabolde and P. Tallet,‘Des annales héliopolitaines de la Troisième Période Intermédiaire’, BIFAO 98 (1998), p.40 No. 11
- ^ S. Bickel, M. Gabolde and P. Tallet,‘Des annales héliopolitaines de la Troisième Période Intermédiaire’, BIFAO 98 (1998), p.40 No. 12
- ^ Dr.Heba Maher Mahmoud, THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE CAT KING (P T KING (PAMI) ACCORDING TO THE MONUMENTS Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists, 2020. Vol.5, Issue.2 Article.2, p.34
- ^ Tallet, P., Bickel, S. & Gabolde, M. (1998), "Des annales héliopolitanes de la Troisième pèriode intermédiaire", BIFAO 98: 31-56