University of Hyderabad

The University of Hyderabad (IAST: Hydarābād visvavidyālayamu) is a public central research university located in Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

University of Hyderabad
MottoSā vidya ya vimuktaye
Motto in English
"Education results in liberation."
TypePublic Central Research Institute
Established1974; 50 years ago (1974)
ChancellorL. Narasimha Reddy
Vice-ChancellorBasuthkar J. Rao[1]
Students5,000[2]
Location, ,
17°27′36″N 78°19′55″E / 17.4599791°N 78.3320099°E / 17.4599791; 78.3320099
CampusUrban
Affiliations
Websitewww.uohyd.ac.in
University of Hyderabad is located in Hyderabad
University of Hyderabad
Location in University of Hyderabad
University of Hyderabad is located in Telangana
University of Hyderabad
Location in Telangana
University of Hyderabad is located in India
University of Hyderabad
Location in India
University of Hyderabad is located in Asia
University of Hyderabad
Location in Asia
University of Hyderabad is located in Earth
University of Hyderabad
Location in Earth

Founded in 1974, this mostly residential campus has more than 5,000 students and 400 faculty, from several disciplines.[2] The governor of the state of Telangana is ex-officio the chief rector of the university, while the President of India is the visitor to the university.

The university was established along the lines of the Six-Point Formula of 1973. The first vice-chancellor of the university was Banaras Hindu University organic chemist Gurbaksh Singh, from 1974 to 1979. Shri B D Jatti was the first chancellor of the university.

In January 2015, the University of Hyderabad received the Visitor's Award for the Best Central University in India, awarded by the President of India.[3]

The university is located in Gachibowli, on 2300-odd acres. The campus is rich in flora and fauna, home to over 734 flower plants, ten species of mammals, fifteen species of reptiles,[4] and 220 species of birds.[5]

The university is recognized as an Institute of Eminence (IoE)[6] by the University Grants Commission (UGC) through the UGC (Declaration of Government Institutions as Institutions of Eminence) Guidelines, 2017 for public institutions[7]

Campus

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The university campus is on 2300-odd acres, and has a large area under forest cover, with two perennial and three seasonal lakes, and rock formations characteristic of the Deccan. It is home to 734 plants,[4] 10 mammals, 15 reptiles and 220 birds [5] species (at last count). Notable animals include spotted deer, hares, peacocks, porcupines and wild boar. The campus also has a protected megalithic site.[8]

A study, which ranged over three decades (1990–2010), reported that of the plants present on campus, 315 species were used in traditional Indian medicine. 39 species of plants belonging to the group that faces the threat of extinction. These listings resulted from field studies done on campus by students and faculty members.

The university has plans to preserve the area under forest cover and wetlands by creating a bio reserve.[9]

Academics

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Teaching and learning

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The university follows the semester calendar beginning in mid-July and ending in early-May. About 90% of the students are residential. The Master's programme is usually of 2 years while the MPhil and PhD programme are of 18 months and 5 years respectively.

The university follows the continuous assessment pattern, with 40% marks awarded through assignments spread out through the semester and 60% through semester-end examinations. Grading is on a 10.0 point scale, with D being the lowest passing grade, and A+ being the highest. The toppers of the post-graduate courses are awarded medals.

Admission

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The university is primarily a post-graduate research university. UoH conducts its own entrance examinations for all courses during the months of May–June each year and interviews in the month of May annually. The university offers integrated M.Sc., M.A., MFA, M.Tech., M.B.A, M.C.A., MPhil and PhD degrees. Admissions to UoH are highly competitive. The university follows the positive-discrimination reservation system as per University Grants Commission of India guidelines. For the Integrated Master's Programme (I.M.A. and I.M.Sc.), University takes admission through CUET-UG. For (I.M.tech), University takes admission through Jee Mains. It releases merits based on the score in CUET-UG, Jee Mains and then they have to report in-person in the university and based on ranks in merit list they are given preferences for the admission. For IMA, first three years, classes would be in CIS (College for Integrated Studies) & for IMSc, first two years classes would be in CIS, then they are transferred to their respective departments and schools. Students can Exit after three or four years respectively with Bachelor's (General) & Bachelor's (Hons) degree from the University.

Rankings

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University rankings
General – international
QS (World) (2020)[10]601-650
General – India
NIRF (Overall) (2024)[11]25
NIRF (Universities) (2024)[12]17
Outlook India (Universities) (2020)[13]17
Engineering – India
NIRF (2024)[14]70


The University of Hyderabad was ranked 601–650 in the QS World University Rankings of 2020.[10] It is ranked 25th in India overall[15] and 17th in India among universities by the National Institutional Ranking Framework in 2024.[16] In 2020, the university was ranked 2nd among India's government universities by India Today.[17]

Library

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Indira Gandhi Memorial Library

The university library is a central facility to support teaching and research activities of the university. This present library building was inaugurated by Shankar Dayal Sharma, the then Vice President of India, on 21 October 1988 and named after late Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

The library is connected to Campus Network. The library also created learning environment by establishing Online Public Access Catalog (WebOPAC), OPAC Searching Area, Internet browsing area, Laptop zone with Wi-Fi facility, specialised workstations & software for visually-challenged students and by facilitating electronic resources, search services/tools.

Indira Gandhi Memorial library is the first automated university library in the country. The library serves as a resources station to all scholars and has a print collection around 400,000, that include monographs, text books, back volumes of journals, theses / dissertations, CDs/DVDs. It subscribes around 500 print journals in various disciplines of the university and provides access to more than 25,000 e-resources including e-books. It also comprises a reading room which is accessible round-the-clock for the benefit of the students.

The Integrated Master's Programme

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To support its educational mission, the university established the Centre for Integrated Studies (CIS)[18][19][20]in the academic year 2006–07. The CIS offers five-year Integrated Master’s Degree programs across various disciplines, aiming to provide specialized, in-depth education to students who have completed their higher secondary education (10+2 level). It was renamed as College for Integrated Studies in 2014.

The College offers 5-year Integrated Master’s Degree courses in Science, Humanities, Economics and Social Science subjects.The five-year Integrated M.A. (I.M.A.) and M.Sc. (I.M.Sc.) courses of the University of Hyderabad are trans-disciplinary programmes with core and elective subjects.

CIS Facilities and Student Support[21]

CIS Library: The Centre for Integrated Studies (CIS) offers a dedicated library for its students, currently housing approximately 12,000 books, including multiple copies. The library includes a separate newspaper section featuring nine different editions and eight magazines, along with numerous academic journals. It remains open throughout the year, observing closures only on government and national holidays as outlined in the university's holiday calendar.

IT Lab: The CIS IT lab provides students with access to approximately 120 computers, equipped with the latest software. The lab hosts IT classes, and outside of class hours, students are encouraged to utilize this space for independent learning and research.

Lab for Visually Challenged Students: CIS maintains a specialized lab for visually challenged students, featuring 10 computer systems with assistive technology, including a Braille printer, JAWS and NVDA screen-reading software, and a ZOOM-X scanner.

Academic Counsellors: CIS employs four academic counsellors who support students with program-specific academic issues, acting as the primary contact point for any academic concerns or guidance needed.

Student Mentorship: Recognizing the challenges of transitioning to university life, CIS appoints one faculty member from each department as a mentor for newly admitted students in each program. Mentors assist students throughout their program, offering guidance and monitoring their progress.

Student Clubs: To foster extracurricular engagement, CIS sponsors several student-run clubs, including:

(1) Shape Your Thought & Debate Club

(2) Junior Science Club & It's Experiment Forum

Each club is student-led with elected coordinators and faculty guidance. Activities span guest lectures, film screenings, quizzes, debates, workshops, and sports.

Vigyanotsav: The Junior Science Club hosts an annual science fest, Vigyanotsav, which invites local school children to explore CIS laboratories and participate in activities such as science talks, quiz competitions, and scientific demonstrations..

Psychological Counselling: The university provides psychological support, with two counsellors available on campus. Students can access counseling services as needed, and the DSW office organizes orientation sessions and group workshops throughout the year.

SIP: The Study in India Programme

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SIP Building, University of Hyderabad

The University of Hyderabad's Study in India Programme (SIP) for foreign students began as a small experimental summer initiative where students from the University of Pittsburgh took nine credits over nine weeks in the summer of 1998. Since then, SIP has grown in leaps and bounds and has gone from hosting eight students in its debut year to nearly 200 in the most recent academic year. The University Grants Commission (UGC), a governmental organisation in India tasked with determining and maintaining standards for university education, has hailed the Study in India Programme as a model initiative and has encouraged other universities in India to emulate the program's approach. SIP's strength is its flexibility and willing to innovate to meet the needs of universities and study abroad consortia. SIP has created specialised, tailor-made programs for partners such as Dartmouth College, Duke University and the Nordic Centre in India—a consortium of 15 Nordic universities. Students can apply on their own, through their home schools, or through study abroad consortia that are SIP partners.

In 2014 the SIP Programme has been selected for IIE Andrew Heiskell Award. Thirteen Campuses in the world have been recognised for their Outstanding International Initiatives. UoH is the only University from Asia to be recognised. [22]

Centre for Distance and Virtual Learning

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The University of Hyderabad started offering Post Graduate Diploma Programmes through distance mode since 1994. The target groups identified for these Programmes are (a) In service personnel looking forward to improve their skills and knowledge to enable to go up in the ladder in their own organisation or elsewhere and (b) Fresh graduate intending to improve their chances of employments on successful completion of these programmes.

Organisation and administration

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Schools and departments

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  • School of Mathematics and Statistics
  • School of Physics
  • Centre for Earth and atmospheric ocean
  • School of Chemistry
  • School of Medical Sciences
    • Centre for Health Psychology
    • Centre for Neural and Cognitive Sciences
    • Department of Optometry
    • Department of Public Health
  • School of Life Sciences
    • Department of Biochemistry
    • Department of Plant Sciences
    • Department of Animal Biology
    • Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics
    • Department of Systems & Computational Biology
  • School of Computer and Information Sciences
  • School of Social Sciences
    • Department of History
    • Department of Sociology
    • Department of Political Science
    • Department of Anthropology
    • Department of Education
  • School of Humanities
    • Department of English
    • Department of Philosophy
    • Department of Hindi
    • Department of Telugu
    • Department of Urdu
    • Department of Sanskrit Studies
  • School of Engineering Sciences and Technology
  • School of Management Studies
  • School of Economics
  • Sarojini Naidu School of Arts & Communication
    • Department of Communication
    • Department of Dance
    • Department of Fine Arts
    • Department of Theatre Arts, See also: Theatre Outreach Unit
    • Department of Music

Academic Staff College

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Established in 1987 as a major initiative in augmenting quality in Higher Education, the UGC promoted 66 Academic Staff Colleges. The Academic Staff College of University of Hyderabad is a constituent unit of the university offering orientation, refresher and need-based courses for Assistant Professors / Associate Professors working in Universities and Colleges.

It is an important academic wing of the university. Apart from the training programmes for teachers, the Academic Staff College conducts professional development programmes for principals and administrators. The faculty is also taking up the teaching assignments and research guidance in their respective departments. National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) Peer Review Committee from Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) visited Academic Staff College during 19 – 21 January 2012 for peer reviewing of its activities and accredited this Academic Staff College, University of Hyderabad as ranked no. 4 in India.

Research

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The university is a public research university with high research activity in every department, awarding about 300 doctorates each year. The university receives research funding from UGC, CSIR, DST, DBT, FIST and other funding agencies. The university is known for high quality research output from faculty and students in the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities.

National Institute of Animal Biotechnology

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National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB)[23] is an autonomous institute under the Department of Biotechnology,[24] Ministry of Science and Technology,[25] Government of India established in the campus of University of Hyderabad.

Institute of Life Sciences

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The Institute of Life Sciences (ILS) also known as Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences is a research organisation founded through a public–private partnership initiative in the year 2004. The partners in the making of ILS are the Government of Telangana the University of Hyderabad and Dr. Reddy's Laboratories. Incorporated as a not-for-profit company, ILS has been accorded recognition as a Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (SIRO) by the Ministry of Science & Technology.[26]

CR Rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science

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The CR Rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science (AIMSCS) has been set up with the objective of promoting research and advanced studies in mathematics, Statistics, Computer Science and allied subjects.[27]

Association of Management Development Institutions in South Asia

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The Association of Management Development Institutions in South Asia (AMDISA)[28] is a SAARC-recognised body. The association was established on the initiative of leading management Schools in the SAARC region and is located on the University of Hyderabad Campus in Gachibowli. AMDISA promotes management education and Management Development in the SAARC region and publishes the South Asian Journal of Management.[29] The mission of AMDISA is to network management schools and management development centres; to promote partnerships between the schools, leading managers, and policy administrators; and to enhance the quality and effectiveness of management education and development in South Asia.

Student life

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Hostels, canteens and recreational centres

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Students Centre Canteen
 
DST Auditorium

There are 21 hostels for students to stay in (13 for men and 8 for women). The Tagore International House caters to international students. There are two shopping complexes: one on the North campus and one on the South Campus. Also, there are seven canteens: the Students Centre Canteen, Goodwill Canteen, SN school canteen, F canteen, School of Chemistry canteen, Admin canteen, and School of Life Sciences canteen.

There are four multipurpose auditoriums within the campus. The DST Auditorium is the largest, with a capacity of 700. It is used mainly for cultural events, seminars, public talks, and screening of documentaries and movies. The CV Raman Auditorium, with a capacity of 200, is located inside the science complex, and serves as a conference and seminar hall. The BR Ambedkar Auditorium is mainly used for cultural events, public talks, debates, and other events. There is another auditorium located inside the humanities block.

Bol Hyderabad Community Radio Station

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Bol Hyderabad 90.4 FM is the University of Hyderabad's Campus Radio Station which began operations from 15 August 2011.[30][31] The range of the radio broadcast is around 15 kilometer radius around the campus covering areas of Tolichowki, Gopanapally, Hi-Tech City and Gachibowli areas of Hyderabad.[32][33]

National Service Scheme Cell (NSS)

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In connection with 'Gandhi Jayanti Week' Celebrations National Service Scheme(NSS) Cell, organises Peace March, Orientation Programmes, Tree plantation etc. during the first week of October every year.

Students' Union

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Major student organisations on the campus include the All India students federation (AISF) Ambedkar Students' Association (ASA), Muslim Students Federation (msf), Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP, "All Indian Student Council"), National Students' Union of India (NSUI), Students' Federation of India (SFI), Bahujan Students' Front (BSF), Dalit Students' Union (DSU), Telangana Students' Association (TSA), Other Backward Classes Federation (OBCF), All India Students Association (AISA ), and the Telangana Vidyarthi Vedika (TVV, Telangana Student Forum).[34]

The Students' Union is elected annually, with elections being conducted by the students themselves, following the guidelines set by the Lyngdoh Committee.[35] The Students' Union includes a president, vice-president, general secretary, joint secretary, sports secretary and cultural secretary. The elections are usually held during the month of September every year.

Sports events

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The elected Students' Union conducts various sports and cultural events for the students over the academic year.

Nari's Knight Cup[36]

The first of such event is the Nari's Cricket Knight Cup. The tournament is named in memory of an Ex-student Mr. Narayan Reddy (Nari) who met with an unfortunate death in the campus premises. Initially, a few friends of Mr.Narayan Reddy started this 5-over a side tournament with 9 players per side. However, the Students' Union took over the responsibility of conducting the Knight Cup later. The tournament is conducted under floodlights at the Open-Air auditorium.

Senthil Balraj Cricket Night Cup

The Senthil Balraj Cricket Night cup was initiated in February, 2011 by the then Students' Union in memory of Senthil and Balraj. This cricket night cup is unique in the sense that it is open to only the registered students and employees of the university while the Nari's Knight Cup is open to Alumni's as well as the students of the university. However, the format of both the competitions remains the same.

Football Night Cup

 
football

The Football Night cup is the third in the series of Night cups conducted by the Students' Union. The tournament is usually conducted in the last week of February every year. This is a 7-a-side tournament with a total match duration of 30 mins.

Basketball and Volleyball Night cup

The union also conducts basketball and volleyball night cups every year in the month of March.

Cultural festival

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Sukoon[37] (सुकून, meaning peace) is the annual cultural festival of the university organised by the Students' Union during the month of March where students from colleges all over Hyderabad participate. The 3-day event includes various literary and other recreational events.

Entrepreneurship Development Cell

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The university has an ED Cell, located in the Management Block of the university, that has nurtured startups. Some of them include.[38]

  • Laundrette: A coin-operated washing machine service.[39][40]

Controversies

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On 22 March 2016, police arrested 25 students and 2 faculty members who were reportedly protesting against the Vice Chancellor Appa Rao Podile's return to campus following the suicide of Rohith Vemula.[41][42] All of them were granted bail on 28 March by the Metropolitan Magistrate at Miyapur court.[43]

Chancellors

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SL No. Name Term start Term end
1. B D Jatti 1974 1979
2. G Parthasarathy 1982 1986
3. M Hidayatullah 1986 1991
4. J R D Tata 1991 1993
5. Abid Hussain 1994 1997
6. Romila Thapar 1997 2000
7. P. N. Bhagwati 2001 2005
8. M N Venkatachaliah 2005 2008
9. R. Chidambaram 2008 2012
10. C. H. Hanumantha Rao 2012 2014
12. C. Rangarajan 2015 2018
13. L. Narasimha Reddy 2018 till date

Vice chancellors

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Notable Alumni and Faculty

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "President Ram Nath Kovind approves appointments of vice chancellors of 12 central universities: Ministry of education". The Times of India 13:29 IST. 23 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  2. ^ a b "About University of Hyderabad". University of Hyderabad. 2012. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  3. ^ UoH is India's best Central varsity
  4. ^ a b "Land alienation threatens University of Hyderabad's flora and fauna". Times of India. 29 October 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
  5. ^ a b "Ebird hotspot - University of Hyderabad". EBird. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  6. ^ Werner, Jon M.; Anderson, Valerie; Nimon, Kim (14 February 2019). "Human Resource Development Quarterly and human resource development: Past, present, and future". Human Resource Development Quarterly. 30 (1): 9–15. doi:10.1002/hrdq.21340. ISSN 1044-8004.
  7. ^ Sridharan, E.; Vaishnav, Milan (18 May 2017), "Election Commission of India", Rethinking Public Institutions in India, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/oso/9780199474370.003.0011, ISBN 978-0-19-947437-0
  8. ^ Nanisetti, Serish (16 July 2019). "Link to city's evolution snapped". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
  9. ^ "In a first, University of Hyderabad to have bio-reserve". Times of India. 18 April 2015. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
  10. ^ a b "QS World University Rankings 2020". QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. 2019. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
  11. ^ "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2024 (Overall)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Education. 12 August 2024.
  12. ^ "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2024 (Universities)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Education. 12 August 2024.
  13. ^ "Top 75 Universities In India In 2020". Outlook India. 8 October 2020. Archived from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  14. ^ "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2024 (Engineering)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Education. 12 August 2024.
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference Rankings_NIRF_O_2023 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ "NIRF 2024 ranking" (PDF).
  17. ^ Kaushik Deka New Delhi (1 August 2020). "Hotbeds of excellence". India Today. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  18. ^ "College for Integrated Studies". CIS,University of Hyderabad. University of Hyderabad. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
  19. ^ "College for Integrated Studies". University of Hyderabad. University of Hyderabad. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  20. ^ "UoH admission entrance examinations to commence from 8 February 2015". UoH Herald. UoH Herlad. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  21. ^ "College for Integrated Studies". CIS,University of Hyderabad. University of Hyderabad. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
  22. ^ "Welcome to University of Hyderabad, India - UoH". uohyd.ac.in.
  23. ^ "NIAB". NIAB. NIAB. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  24. ^ "Department of Biotechnology". Department of Biotechnology. Department of Biotechnology. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  25. ^ "Department of Science and Technology". Department of Science and Technology. Department of Science and Technology.
  26. ^ "About Us". DR.REDDY's Institute of Life Sciences. DR.REDDY's Institute of Life Sciences. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  27. ^ "C.R.Rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science (AIMSCS)". C.R.Rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science (AIMSCS). C.R.Rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science (AIMSCS). Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  28. ^ "About US". Association of Management Development Institutions in South Asia (AMDISA). Association of Management Development Institutions in South Asia (AMDISA). Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  29. ^ "South Asian Journal of Management (SAJM)". South Asian Journal of Management. South Asian Journal of Management. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  30. ^ "University of Hyderabad revives old radio culture". Times of India. Times News Network. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  31. ^ Nair, Deepti. "UoH's Bol Hyderabad to fill airwaves". The New Indian Express. The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  32. ^ Murthy, Neeraja (8 November 2011). "Community bonding". The Hindu. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  33. ^ Mishra, Heena (13 June 2015). "Hyd colleges warming up to campus radio". The Hans India. The Hans India. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  34. ^ Dayashankar, K. M. (15 May 2019). "Maoists acting through Vidyarthi Vedika". The Hindu. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  35. ^ Kak Ramachandran, Smriti (14 October 2006). "Campus elections: Party time is over". The Tribune. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  36. ^ "Nari's Cricket Knight Cup, 2015". UoH HERALD. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  37. ^ "A Sukoon test for University of Hyderabad students". The New Indian Express. 18 March 2013. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  38. ^ Entrepreneurship Development Cells Across India
  39. ^ "UoH Graduate Develops Coin-operated Laundry". New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
  40. ^ "UoH's new laundry venture". The Hindu. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
  41. ^ "25 students and 2 faculty members arrested for UoH violence". Deccan Chronicle. 24 March 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
  42. ^ Sudhir, Uma (22 March 2016). "At Rohith Vemula's University, Students 'Jail' Top Official For Six Hours". NDTV. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
  43. ^ Sreenivas Janyala,"Hyderabad University row: 25 students, two faculty members get bail, classes resume", The Indian Express, 29 Mar 2016. Retrieved 2016-07-25.
  44. ^ "Indian Fellow-Dipankar Chatterji". Indian National Science Academy. 14 November 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  45. ^ "Ganesh Puthur". UOH Herald. 23 June 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  46. ^ "Profile on IISER Kolkata". IISER Pune. 23 December 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
  47. ^ "Biographical Information - Naresh Patwari". Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. 9 November 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  48. ^ "A. Srikrishna (1955–2013)" (PDF). Current Science. April 2013. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  49. ^ "PLENARY SESSIONS". www.caimsnmss.com. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  50. ^ "UoH alumnus Baig Ehsas bags Sahitya Akademi Award". Telangana Today. 28 December 2017. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
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17°27′36″N 78°19′55″E / 17.4599791°N 78.3320099°E / 17.4599791; 78.3320099