afradu
Welsh
editEtymology
editafrad (“prodigality, wastefulness”) + -u
Pronunciation
edit- (North Wales) IPA(key): /avˈradɨ̞/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /avˈra(ː)di/
Verb
editafradu (first-person singular present afradaf)
- to waste, to squander
- Synonyms: afradloni, bradu, gwastraffu
Conjugation
editConjugation (literary)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | afradaf | afredi | afrada | afradwn | afredwch, afradwch | afradant | afredir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
afradwn | afradit | afradai | afradem | afradech | afradent | afredid | |
preterite | afredais | afredaist | afradodd | afradasom | afradasoch | afradasant | afradwyd | |
pluperfect | afradaswn | afradasit | afradasai | afradasem | afradasech | afradasent | afradasid, afradesid | |
present subjunctive | afradwyf | afredych | afrado | afradom | afradoch | afradont | afrader | |
imperative | — | afrada | afraded | afradwn | afredwch, afradwch | afradent | afrader | |
verbal noun | afradu | |||||||
verbal adjectives | afradedig afradadwy |
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | afrada i, afradaf i | afradi di | afradith o/e/hi, afradiff e/hi | afradwn ni | afradwch chi | afradan nhw |
conditional | afradwn i, afradswn i | afradet ti, afradset ti | afradai fo/fe/hi, afradsai fo/fe/hi | afraden ni, afradsen ni | afradech chi, afradsech chi | afraden nhw, afradsen nhw |
preterite | afradais i, afrades i | afradaist ti, afradest ti | afradodd o/e/hi | afradon ni | afradoch chi | afradon nhw |
imperative | — | afrada | — | — | afradwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
Derived terms
edit- bradu (“to waste, to squander”)
Mutation
editradical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
---|---|---|---|
afradu | unchanged | unchanged | hafradu |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
edit- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “afradu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies