juger
See also: iuger
English
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin iūger, variant of iūgerum.
Noun
editjuger (plural jugers)
- (historical units of measure) A Roman unit of area, equivalent to 2 acti or 28,800 square feet (about ¼ ha).
Meronyms
edit- actus (½ juger)
French
editEtymology
editInherited from Old French juger, from Latin iūdicāre (“pass judgement”).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editjuger
- (law) to judge, to try
- (in general) to judge, to deem
- Ne savez-vous pas que nous jugerons les anges?
- Do you not know that we will judge angels?
- juger quelqu’un sur les apparences
- judge someone on appearances
Conjugation
editThis is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written juge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of juger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | juger | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | jugeant /ʒy.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | jugé /ʒy.ʒe/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | juge /ʒyʒ/ |
juges /ʒyʒ/ |
juge /ʒyʒ/ |
jugeons /ʒy.ʒɔ̃/ |
jugez /ʒy.ʒe/ |
jugent /ʒyʒ/ |
imperfect | jugeais /ʒy.ʒɛ/ |
jugeais /ʒy.ʒɛ/ |
jugeait /ʒy.ʒɛ/ |
jugions /ʒy.ʒjɔ̃/ |
jugiez /ʒy.ʒje/ |
jugeaient /ʒy.ʒɛ/ | |
past historic2 | jugeai /ʒy.ʒe/ |
jugeas /ʒy.ʒa/ |
jugea /ʒy.ʒa/ |
jugeâmes /ʒy.ʒam/ |
jugeâtes /ʒy.ʒat/ |
jugèrent /ʒy.ʒɛʁ/ | |
future | jugerai /ʒyʒ.ʁe/ |
jugeras /ʒyʒ.ʁa/ |
jugera /ʒyʒ.ʁa/ |
jugerons /ʒyʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
jugerez /ʒyʒ.ʁe/ |
jugeront /ʒyʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | jugerais /ʒyʒ.ʁɛ/ |
jugerais /ʒyʒ.ʁɛ/ |
jugerait /ʒyʒ.ʁɛ/ |
jugerions /ʒy.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
jugeriez /ʒy.ʒə.ʁje/ |
jugeraient /ʒyʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | juge /ʒyʒ/ |
juges /ʒyʒ/ |
juge /ʒyʒ/ |
jugions /ʒy.ʒjɔ̃/ |
jugiez /ʒy.ʒje/ |
jugent /ʒyʒ/ |
imperfect2 | jugeasse /ʒy.ʒas/ |
jugeasses /ʒy.ʒas/ |
jugeât /ʒy.ʒa/ |
jugeassions /ʒy.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
jugeassiez /ʒy.ʒa.sje/ |
jugeassent /ʒy.ʒas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | juge /ʒyʒ/ |
— | jugeons /ʒy.ʒɔ̃/ |
jugez /ʒy.ʒe/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editFurther reading
edit- “juger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Latin
editPronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈi̯uː.ɡer/, [ˈi̯uːɡɛr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈju.d͡ʒer/, [ˈjuːd͡ʒer]
Noun
editjūger n (genitive jūgeris); third declension
- Alternative form of iūger
Declension
editThird-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).
Categories:
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with historical senses
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- fr:Law
- French terms with usage examples
- French verbs with conjugation -ger
- French first group verbs
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin third declension nouns
- Latin neuter nouns in the third declension
- Latin terms spelled with J
- Latin neuter nouns