List of hooligan firms
Appearance
Hooligan firms (also known as football firms) are groups that participate in football hooliganism in European countries. For groups in Latin America, see barra brava and torcida organizada.
Belgium
- Club Brugge – East Side[1]
- RSC Anderlecht – O Side[1]
- Royal Antwerp F.C. – X Side[2]
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- FK Sarajevo – Horde Zla[3]
- FK Željezničar Sarajevo – The Maniacs[4]
- FK Velež – Red Army Mostar
- FK Borac Banja Luka – Lešinari
- NK Široki Brijeg – Škripari
- HŠK Zrinjski – Ultras Mostar
- FK Sloboda Tuzla – Fukare Tuzla
- NK Čelik Zenica – Robijaši
- NK Jedinstvo Bihać – Sila Nebeska
- FK Slavija Sarajevo – Sokolovi
Bulgaria
- Levski Sofia – Sector B
- CSKA Sofia – Sector G
- Botev Plovdiv – Bultras
- Lokomotiv Plovdiv – Lauta Army
- Cherno More Varna – The Sailors
- Spartak Varna – The Falcons
- Neftochimic Burgas – The Sheiks
- Minyor Pernik – The Hammers
- Beroe Stara Zagora – Zara Boys
Croatia
- Dinamo Zagreb – Bad Blue Boys[5]
- Hajduk Split – Torcida Split, White Boys[6]
- Osijek – Kohorta Osijek
- Rijeka – Armada Rijeka[7]
Czech Republic
- Baník Most – Brüx Vandals, Radical Boys[8]
- Baník Ostrava – Silesian Hunters,[9] Apple Commando,[10] Thor Division,[11] BARABI, Marienbad Ultras[8]
- Bohemians 1905 – Berserk,[12] Tornado Boys[8]
- Dukla Prague – Young Hunters[13]
- Dynamo České Budějovice – Brigade Gauners[8]
- Jablonec – Corps Juniors[8]
- SFC Opava – Chalupáři,[14] Young Boys,[14] Bulldog Corps[8]
- Sigma Olomouc – NSC 88, Tarzan Boys Olomouc, Hooligans Hovada Zubr,[15] Ultras Nové Sady, Zubr Gang Prerov[8]
- Slavia Prague – Youngsters,[16] Brigate 97,[17] Slavia Hooligans, Tlupa Toma Sojera, RWS[8]
- Slovan Liberec – Kategorie S, Ultras Liberec, D.B.S.[8]
- Sparta Prague – Prague Boys,[18][19] Youth Firm,[20] Falanga,[21] Brigade Drápek z Lasičky, Ultras Sparta, Red Pirates Sparta, Frakce Rudý Úder[8]
- Teplice – Division Nord, North Warriors[8]
- Viktoria Plzeň – Service Squad,[22] Blue-Red Wolves Plzeň, Pilsen Bo!s, Radikálové Plzeň, Pilsen Fans[8]
- Viktoria Žižkov – Ultras Viktoria[8]
- Zbrojovka Brno – Division S, Johny Kentus Gang,[23] Orthodox Fans Brno, Torcida, Ultras[8]
Denmark
- AGF – White Pride,[24] Aarhus Casuals[25]
- Aab – Aalborg Frontline, Aalborg Casual Youth[26]
- Esbjerg fB – Esbjerg Supras[27]
- F.C. København – Copenhagen Casuals,[28] Copenhagen Casuals Young Boys[29]
- Lyngby Boldklub – Blue Army[30]
- Randers FC – Randers Casual Youth[31]
England
- AFC Bournemouth – Bournemouth Casual Element[32]
- Aldershot Town – A Company[33]
- Arsenal – The Gooners, The Edecaws[34]
- Aston Villa – Villa Youth, Steamers, Villa Hardcore, C-Crew[35]
- Birmingham City – Zulu Warriors[36]
- Blackburn Rovers – Blackburn Youth,[37] Darwen Mob, H Division, Mill Hill Mob[38]
- Blackpool – The Muckers[37]
- Bolton Wanderers – Cuckoo Boys, Boltons Service Youth[39]
- Bradford City – The Ointment[40][41]
- Brentford – Ealing Road Army, Brentford Youth Element[42]
- Bristol City – City Service Firm, Family Stand Ointment[43]
- Bristol Rovers – Gas Hit Squad[43]
- Burnley – Suicide Squad[44]
- Bury – Interchange Riot Squad[45]
- Carlisle United – Border City Firm[46]
- Charlton Athletic – Cockney Firestarters, B Mob Charlton Youth Casuals[47]
- Chelsea – Headhunters[48]
- Chester – 125's[49]
- Coventry City – The Legion[50]
- Crystal Palace – Dirty 30,[51] Holmesdale Fanatics.
- Derby County – Derby Lunatic Fringe[52]
- Everton – County Road Cutters[53]
- F.C. Halifax Town - Halifax Youth[54]
- Grimsby Town – Cleethorpes Beach Patrol, Grimsby Hit Squad[55]
- Hartlepool United – Blue Order, North West Corner (NWC)
- Huddersfield Town – Huddersfield Young Casuals[56]
- Hull City – Hull City Psychos[57]
- Ipswich Town – Ipswich Punishment Squad, Blue Action[58][59]
- Leeds United – Leeds United Service Crew[60]
- Leicester City – Baby Squad[61]
- Lincoln City – Lincoln Transit Elite[62]
- Liverpool – The Urchins, R.R.S. Runcorn Riot Squad[63]
- Luton Town – The MIGs, Lutonistan, Lutonlees Bury Park Boys[64]
- Manchester City – Blazing Squad,[65] Cool Cats,[66] Guvnors,[67] Mayne Line Service Crew[68]
- Manchester United – The Red Army,[69] Men In Black,[70] Inter City Jibbers[71]
- Mansfield Town – Mansfield Shady Express[72]
- Middlesbrough – The Frontline[73]
- Millwall – Bushwackers[74]
- Newcastle United – Newcastle Gremlins,[75] The New Batch
- Nottingham Forest – Forest Executive Crew[76]
- Norwich City – Norwich Hit Squad, Under 5's[77]
- Oldham Athletic – Fine Young Casuals[78]
- Oxford United – South Midlands Hit Squad[79]
- Peterborough United – Blue Division[80]
- Plymouth Argyle – The Central Element[81]
- Portsmouth – 6.57 Crew[82]
- Preston North End – Preston Para Squad[83]
- Queens Park Rangers – Bushbabies[84]
- Reading FC – Reading Youth Firm[85]
- Shrewsbury Town – English Border Front[84]
- Sheffield United – Blades Business Crew[86][87]
- Sheffield Wednesday – Owls Crime Squad (OCS), Is That It (ITI)[88]
- Southampton – The Uglies, Inside Crew, Scum Army[89][90]
- Southend United – CS Crew[91]
- Stockport County — EVF (Edgeley Volunteer Force)[84]
- Stoke City —Naughty Forty[92]
- Sunderland – The Seaburn Casuals[93]
- Swindon Town – The Aggro Boys; Swindon Active Service (SAS)[94]
- Tottenham Hotspur – Yid Army, Tottenham Massive, Spurs N17[65][95]
- Tranmere Rovers – TSB (Tranmere Stanley Boys)[96]
- Port Vale – Vale Lunatic Fringe[97]
- West Bromwich Albion – Section Five[98]
- Watford – Watford Risk Squad[99]
- West Ham United – Inter City Firm I.C.F[100]
- Wolverhampton Wanderers – Subway Army 1981–1984, The Bridge Boys 1987–1988, Yam Yam Army mid 2000s–present[101]
- York City – York Nomad Society (YNS)[102]
Finland
- HIFK – IFKs Yngre Grabbar[103]
- HJK – Sakilaiset[103][104][105]
- TPS[106]
- Jokerit[106]
- FC Lahti – Lahen Pojat[104]
France
- Paris Saint-Germain F.C. – Commando Pirate,[107] Casual Firm, Indépendants[108][109]
- Lille OSC – LOSC Army[110]
- Olympique Lyonnais – Mezza Lyon[111]
Germany
- Borussia Dortmund – Frontline, Northside[112]
- Chemnitzer FC – HooNaRa[113]
- Dynamo Dresden – Hooligans Elbflorenz,[114] Faust des Ostens[115]
- Eintracht Frankfurt – Adlerfront[116]
- 1. FSV Mainz 05 – Mz-Army '84[117]
Greece
- PAOK - Gate 4
- Olympiacos - Gate 7
- Aris - Super3
- Panathinaikos - Gate 13
- AEK Athens - Original 21
- Asteras Tripolis - Tigers Ultras
- Lamia - Fadomades
- Panetolikos - Warriors
- OFI Crete - Gate 4 Heraklion
- Panserraikos - Che Guevara Club
- Volos - Gate 2
- Levadiakos - Gate 1
- Atromitos - Fentagin
- AEL - Monsters
- Iraklis - Autonomous Gate 10
- Ilioupoli - Rebels 9
- Kalamata - Gate 5
- Niki Volos - Gate 3
Hungary
- Ferencvárosi TC – Kettes szektor (2nd Sector)[118]
Indonesia
- Arema F.C. – Curva Sud Arema
- Bali United F.C. – North Side Boys 12
- Persebaya Surabaya – Green Nord 27[119]
- Persib Bandung – Northern Wall, Flowers City Casuals[120]
- Persija Jakarta – Curva Sud Persija, Tiger Bois
- Persikabo 1973 – Ultras Persikabo Curva Sud
- Persis Solo – Surakartans 1923, Ultras 1923
- PSIS Semarang – Hooligans 1932
- PSS Sleman – Brigata Curva Sud
- Sriwijaya F.C. – Ultras Palembang
Israel
Kosovo
Malaysia
- National Team – Malaysia Casual[127]
Clubs[128]
- Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C. – Inter Johor Firm
- Selangor F.C. – Left Side Elite
- Kedah Darul Aman F.C. – Grelow Bad Kasual
- Kelantan F.C. – Kelantan Casual
- Kuala Lumpur City F.C. – Kuala Lumpur Casual
- Negeri Sembilan F.C. – Blood Militia 427
- Perak F.C. – Inter City Firm
- Sabah F.C. – North Borneo Firm
- Sri Pahang F.C. – Darul Makmur Elite
- Terengganu F.C. – Coastal City Lads
Montenegro
- FK Budućnost – Varvari[129]
- FK Berane - Streetboys[130]
Netherlands
- ADO Den Haag – Midden Noord, North Side, Vak-G[131]
- AFC Ajax – A.F.C.A, F-Side, AFCA Youth, AFCA 4th, North Up Alliance, South Crew VAK410[132][133]
- AZ – Ben-Side, Red White Fanatics/Alkmaar Fanatics[134][135]
- De Graafschap – Brigata Tifosi, Spinnenkop[136]
- PEC Zwolle – S-Side, Vandas noord, Zwolle Joet[137]
- FC Dordrecht – Island defenders, Dikeside[138]
- FC Groningen – Groningen Fanatics, Z-Side[139]
- FC Twente – Vak-P[140]
- FC Utrecht – Bunnikside, UHF[141]
- Feyenoord – U.D.F,[142] DeF, SCF, FIIIR, Vak-S[143][144]
- Helmond Sport – AA-Side, NFH Hsh/Hyc[140]
- MVV Maastricht – Angel-Side, Ultras Mestreech[145]
- NAC Breda – B-Side, F7 Ultras, Vak-G[146]
- NEC – HKN, Eastside[147]
- PSV – L-Side, Lighttown Madness, Oostfront[148]
- SC Cambuur – M.I.-Side[149]
- SC Heerenveen – Nieuw Noord[150]
- Sparta Rotterdam – Spangenaren, Tifosi del Castello[151]
- Vitesse – Rijnfront, Vak126[152]
- Willem II – Kingside, Tilburg Tifosi[153]
Norway
- Aalesunds FK / SPK Rollon – Blue Army Aalesund / Blue Army Rollon[154]
- Fredrikstad FK – Brigade Rød Hvit (BRH) CCTV Firm, Red Beavers.[155]
- Ham-Kam – Briskebys Beste Borgere (BBB)[156]
- I.K. Start – Christianssands Herreekvipasje (CHE)[157]
- Lillestrøm SK – Sportsklubbens fineste (SKF)[158]
- S.K. Brann – Bergen Casuals (TGB)[159]
- Viking FK – Stavanger Yngre (SYC)[160]
- Vålerenga I.F. Fotball – Isko Boys, Enga Casuals, Enga Yngre[161]
Poland
- Arka Gdynia – Młoda Arka[162]
- Cracovia – Jude Gang[162]
- Górnik Zabrze – Torcida[163]
- Korona Kielce – YBH'01 (Young Boys Hooligans)[164]
- Lech Poznań – Brygada Banici,[162] Young Freaks '98[165]
- Lechia Gdańsk – Młode Orły[162]
- Legia Warsaw – Teddy Boys'95, Turyści'97[162]
- Pogoń Szczecin – Terror Corps[162]
- Ruch Chorzów – Psycho Fans[162]
- Stal Stalowa Wola – Stalówka 'BZC'[162]
- Śląsk Wrocław – silesia[162]
- Widzew Łódź – Destroyers[162]
- Wisła Kraków – Sharks[162]
- Zagłębie Sosnowiec – Barra Bravas'97[162]
Portugal
- Boavista Futebol Clube – Panteras Negras – Ultras 84[166]
- Futebol Clube do Porto – Super Dragões[166] Colectivo 95[166]
- Sport Lisboa e Benfica – Diabos Vermelhos,[166] No Name Boys[166]
- Sporting Clube de Braga – Ultras Red Boys[166]
- Sporting Clube de Portugal – Directivo Ultras XXI,[166] Juventude Leonina,[166] Sporting Casuals,[167] Torcida Verde[166]
- Vitória Sport Clube – White Angels[166]
Russia
- CSKA Moscow – Gallant Steeds, Yaroslavka[168]
- Spartak Moscow – Gladiators Firm '96,[168] Fratria
- Zenit Saint Petersburg – Music Hall[168]
Scotland
- Aberdeen – Aberdeen Soccer Casuals,[169] Under 5s[170]
- Airdrie – Section B,[171] Red Army Firm[172]
- Alloa – Alloa Defense Unit[173]
- Arbroath – Arbroath Soccer Crew,[172] Arbroath Soccer Society[174]
- Ayr – Ayr Service Crew[175]
- Celtic – Celtic Soccer Crew,[176] Roman Catholic Casuals,[177] Style Mile Vandals[178]
- Dundee – Dundee Soccer Crew,[172] Hilltown Huns[179]
- Dundee United – Tannadice Trendies,[172] The Shimmy[180]
- Dundee & Dundee United – The Utility,[169][181] Alliance Under Fives[172]
- Dunfermline – Carnegie Soccer Service[172]
- Falkirk – Falkirk Fear, Falkirk yoof[182]
- Greenock Morton – Morton Soccer Crew,[183] Morton Youth[184]
- Heart of Midlothian – Casual Soccer Firm,[185] Gorgie Boot Boys,[186] Gorgie Aggro,[187] Shed Boys,[188] Hearts Service Crew.[189]
- Hibernian – Capital City Service,[185] Blackleys Baby Crew,[190] The Family,[191] Hibs Baby Crew,[192] Inter City Fleet[193]
- Inverness Caledonian Thistle – North Stand Boys.
- Kilmarnock – Paninaro[175]
- Meadowbank Thistle – Thistle Soccer Boys[174]
- Montrose – Portland Bill Seaside Squad,[194] Montrose Soccer Unit[174]
- Motherwell – Saturday Service,[169] Tufty Club, Soccer Shorties, Nu-Kru[172]
- Partick Thistle – North Glasgow Express[195]
- Queen of the South – Casuals Internal Division[195]
- Raith Rovers – Kirkcaldy Soccer Casuals, Kirkcaldy Baby Crew[172]
- Rangers – Inter City Firm,[176] Her Majesty's Service,[172] Rangers Soccer Babes, Section Red[196]
- St Johnstone – Fair City Firm, Mainline Baby Squad,[172] Perth Pack,[195] BenJDavo Renegades
- St Mirren – Love Street Division[176]
- Scotland FC – Scottish National Firm[196]
Serbia
- Partizan Belgrade – Grobari, Principi, Vandal Boys, Zabranjeni, Juzni Front[197][198][199]
- Red Star Belgrade – Delije, Belgrade Boys, Red Devils, Hyaenas, Ultras[200][201]
- FK Rad Belgrade – United Force[202][203]
- FK Zemun – Taurunum Boys[204][205]
- Vojvodina Novi Sad – Firma[206]
- Spartak Subotica – Marinci
- Radnički Niš – Meraklije
- FK Novi Pazar – Ekstremi, Torcida Sandžak
- OFK Belgrade – Plava Unija
Slovakia
- FK Dukla Banská Bystrica – Red White Angeles[207]
- FK DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda – Felvidéki Harcosok (Hungarian: "Upland warriors")[208]
- MFK Košice – Rebels VSS, Psycho Boys[207]
- FC Nitra – Bulldogs '95[207]
- ŠK Slovan Bratislava – Ultras Slovan Pressburg[207]
- FC Spartak Trnava – Red Black Warriors[207]
- 1. FC Tatran Prešov – Village Brigade[209]
- AS Trenčín – Trenchtown Gangsters[210]
- MŠK Žilina – Yellow Green Fanatics,[207] Terror Boys[211]
Spain
- Athletic Club – Herri Norte Taldea[212]
- Cádiz CF – Brigadas Amarillas[213]
- Celta de Vigo – Celtarras[214]
- Club Atlético de Madrid – Frente Atlético, Suburbios Firm[212]
- Club Atlético Osasuna – Indar Gorri[215]
- F.C Barcelona – Boixos Nois[212]
- Deportivo Alavés – Iraultza 1923[216]
- Deportivo de La Coruña – Riazor Blues[214]
- Málaga C.F – Frente Bokerón, Malaka Hinchas[213]
- Rayo Vallecano – Bukaneros[217]
- Real Betis – Supporters Gol Sur[218]
- Real Madrid – Ultras Sur[217]
- Real Oviedo – Symmachiarii[217]
- Real Sociedad – Peña Mujika[217]
- Real Zaragoza – Ligallo Fondo Norte,[217] Avispero[219]
- Sevilla FC – Biris Norte[218]
- Sporting de Gijón – Ultra Boys[220]
- Valencia FC – Ultras Yomus,[221] Curva Nord[217]
Sweden
- AIK – Firman Boys,[222][223] Young Boys,[222]
- BS BolticGöta/Degerfors IF/Färjestads BK – Värmlandsalliansen[224]
- Djurgårdens IF – Djurgårdens Fina Grabbar (DFG),[222] Djurgårdens Yngre Grabbar,[222] Djurgårdens Mindre Grabbar[222]
- GAIS – Gärningsmännen,[225] GAIS Yngre,[225] GAIS Babys[222]
- IFK Göteborg – Wisemen,[222] Gothenburg Youth Division,[222] Youth crew Gothenburg,[222] Gothenburg United[222]
- Kalmar FF – Kalmarfamiljen[226]
- Hammarby IF – Kompisgänget Bajen (KGB), Sudra Divizione MMXI, Bajen Baby Squad, Bajen Yngsta, Bajen Orphans[222][227]
- Helsingborgs IF – Frontline[228]
- Linköpings HC – Cluben Casuals[229]
- Malmö FF – True Rockers[228]
- Örgryte IS – Red fans klan[230]
Turkey
- Fenerbahce – KFY (Kill For You),[231][232] Bogaz Hooligans[233]
Ukraine
- FC Arsenal Kyiv – Hoods Hoods Klan[234][235][236]
- Dynamo Kyiv – WBC (White Boys Club),[237] Rodychi,[238] Kyiv City Supporters,[239] Albatros, Young Hope[240]
- Shakhtar Donetsk – Za Boys Ultras[241]
- FC Dnipro – Ultras'83[242]
- Karpaty Lviv – Banderstadt Ultras,[243] Green White Ultras[244]
- Metalist Kharkiv – United Kharkiv,[245] Pivdenna hrupa
- Zorya Luhansk – Black-White Ultras[246]
- Vorskla Poltava – Crew Of Golden Eagle[247]
- Metalurh Zaporizhzhia – Beshketnyky[248]
- Volyn Lutsk – Volyn Crusaders Firm[249]
- Chornomorets Odesa – SouthFront[250]
- Nyva Ternopil – Terno Field Army[251]
- FC Oleksandriya – PFCO Supporters[252]
- Dnipro Cherkasy – Cherkasy Ultras[253]
Wales
- Cardiff City – Soul Crew[254]
- Swansea City – Jack Army,[255] Swansea Riot Squad[256]
- Wrexham – Wrexham Frontline[49]
See also
- Football hooliganism
- Hooliganism
- Casual (subculture)
- Association football culture
- Racism in association football
- Skinhead
- Yobbo
References
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- ^ "X-side – Heersers na de wedstrijd". 2004.
- ^ Jardine, Nick (28 September 2011). "BRUISINGS, BURNINGS AND BEATINGS: Europe's Worst Soccer Hooligans". Business Insider.
- ^ Ed (20 February 2011). "The Ultra movement and the political influences". Libcom.org.
- ^ "The History of the Bad Blue Boys". Archived from the original on 3 July 2009.
- ^ Cullen, Damian (13 May 2009). "Boys from the Balkans don't need a war to go to war". The Irish Times.
- ^ "Ponovo neredi hrvatskih navijaca: u Sloveniji sukob Armade i Viola". Index.hr. 4 July 2007. Retrieved 2 June 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Smolík, Josef (December 2006). "Football fan culture in the Czech Republic Development, problems, causes": 5.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ "Rozhovor s Proktorem ze skupiny Silesian Hunters" [Interview with a proctor from Silesian Hunters]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 1 February 2012. Archived from the original on 24 June 2013.
- ^ "Baník Ostrava – Sparta Praha (Pohled Baníku)". hooligans.cz (in Czech). 15 July 2013. Archived from the original on 30 July 2013.
- ^ "thordivision.com". www.thordivision.com.
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- ^ "Česká scéna: Dukla Praha" [Czech scene: Dukla Praha]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 29 July 2012.
- ^ a b "Rozhovor s chuligánem SFC Opava" [Interview with hooligans SFC Opava]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 29 January 2012. Archived from the original on 24 June 2013.
- ^ "Sigma hooligans hlásí návrat" [Sigma hooligans reports back]. antifa.cz (in Czech). 6 February 2012.
- ^ "Rozhovor se členem skupiny Youngsters (Slavia Praha)" [Interview with a member of Youngsters (Slavia Prague)]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 3 February 2013. Archived from the original on 24 June 2013.
- ^ "Ultras Slavia". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015.
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- ^ "Rozhovor s Prague Boys ze Sparty" [Interview with Prague Boys Sparta]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 20 December 2011.
- ^ "Rozhovor se skupinou Youth Firm ze Sparty" [An interview with Sparta Youth Firm]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 5 August 2014. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016.
- ^ "Rozhovor s fanouškem AC Sparta Praha" [An interview with a fan of AC Sparta Praha]. suppoters.cz (in Czech). 10 January 2012.
- ^ "Česká scéna: Viktoria Plzeň" [Czech scene: Viktoria Plzeň]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 17 July 2012. Archived from the original on 11 December 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
- ^ "Johny Kentus Gang" (in Czech). Archived from the original on 13 March 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
- ^ "Hooligans casuals og ultras i Danmark". TV2 Nyhederne. 15 September 2008. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2010.
- ^ "Unge Casuals-bøller fører an i Århus". aarhusportalen.dk. Archived from the original on 30 May 2012. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
- ^ af ptho for TV 2 Nyhederne (19 May 2008). "Hooligans, casuals og ultras i Danmark – TV 2 Nyhederne". Nyhederne.tv2.dk. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ AF Frank Hvilsom (29 March 2012). "Politi: Blue Army fra Lyngby er hooligans" (in Danish). Politiken.dk. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
- ^ Thomsen, Philip (14 September 2023). "Familiefædre og studerende: Så forskellige er de danske hooligans". ekstrabladet.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 21 October 2024.
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- ^ "Publisher denies book glamorises hooligans". Aldershot News. 3 November 2005. Archived from the original on 4 July 2009. Retrieved 24 January 2008.
- ^ Lowles, Nick; Andy Nicholls (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. p. 25. ISBN 1-903854-41-5.
- ^ Brown, Danny; Milo Brittle (2006). Villains: The Inside Story of Aston Villa's Hooligan Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 978-1-903854-59-4.
- ^ Gall, Carolin (2005). Zulus: A Football Hooligan Gang. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 1-903854-48-2.
- ^ a b Stocks, Rob (23 November 2006). "Hooligans not welcome here". Blackpool Gazette. Retrieved 23 November 2006.[permanent dead link ]
- ^ Lowles, Nick; Nicholl, Andy (6 September 2007). "B". Hooligans. Milo Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-903854-63-1.
- ^ Giulianotti, Richard; Bonney, Norman; Hepworth, Mike (1994). Football, Violence and Social Identity. Routledge. p. 209. ISBN 0-415-09838-6.
- ^ - (BCF) Bradford City's Finest {{cite news |title=Bradford City v Aberdeen |newspaper=Telegraph and Argus |date=20 September 2003
- ^ "Nine arrests in city soccer thug raids". Bradford Telegraph and Argus. 20 September 2003.
- ^ Lowles, Nick; Andy Nicholls (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. p. 86. ISBN 1-903854-41-5.
- ^ a b Gas Youth Casuals: Lowles, Nick; Andy Nicholls (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. p. 94. ISBN 1-903854-41-5.
- ^ Porter, Andrew (2005). Suicide Squad: The story of a hooligan firm. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 978-1-903854-46-4.
- ^ "BBC Three - Football Fight Club, Episode 1". BBC.
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- ^ "Crew of Golden Eagle (COGE) official site". 28 February 2007. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
- ^ "Conversation about Beshketnyky Ultras". 17 January 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
- ^ "Volyn Ultras: who are these guys?". 4 February 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
- ^ "Ultras Chornomorets: we will fight for our club!". 4 May 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
- ^ "TFA Ultras from Western Ukraine". 21 July 2007. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
- ^ "Ultras League Ukraine: Olexandriya". Retrieved 4 May 2015.
- ^ "Official site". Retrieved 4 May 2015.
- ^ "Cardiff and the hooligan element". BBC News. 17 May 2003. Retrieved 5 May 2007.
- ^ King, Martin; Tooze, Andrew (8 November 2007). The Swansea Jacks: From Skinheads to Stone Island – Forty Years of One of Britain's Most Notorious Hooligan Gangs. Manchester: Headhunter Books. ISBN 978-1-906085-05-6.
- ^ Redhead, Steve (2015). Football and Accelerated Culture: This Modern Sporting Life. Routledge. p. 30. ISBN 9781317411550.
External links
- Hooli-News Archived 6 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine – latest hooligan-related news and information from around the world
- Three-part BBC2 investigation on football firms from 2002
- Running with the 'Naughty Forty', part of the BBC2 2002 investigation
- Ultras Jagiellonia Bialystok', Website of Jagiellonia Bialystok group