Susanna the Deaconess
Susanna the Deaconess | |
|---|---|
| Born | 3rd century  |
| Died | 300s Eleutheropolis |
| Occupation | Nun, deaconess |
Susanna the Deaconess (Ancient Greek: Σωσάννα ἡ διακόνισσα) is a deaconess, cross-dressing saint and martyr who supposedly lived in Palestine in the 4th century.
According to her hagiographies, she chose to devote herself entirely to the Christian faith by cross-dressing as a man and joining a male monastery under the name "John". There, she led a pious life until she was discovered following false accusations of rape within the monastic community. She was later appointed as a deaconess by the bishop of Eleutheropolis. Finally, she would have been martyred under grim circumstances in the early 4th century in this city.
Her memory is commemorated on 15 December in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Biography
[edit]According to the hagiographical accounts about her, Susanna was born in Palestine during the reign of emperor Maximian (286–305).[1] Her mother, Martha, is said to have been Hebrew, while her father was reportedly a Greek polytheistic priest named Artemios.[1][2] She is said to have been pious from a young age and would have converted willingly, being catechized and then baptized by a priest named Silvanos.[2]
After the death of her parents, she is said to have sold all her possessions, distributed her entire fortune to the poor, and decided to join a male monastery in Jerusalem.[1][2] Disguising herself as a man, she cut her hair and adopted the name "John".[1][2] There, she reportedly stood out for her piety and was eventually appointed archimandrite.[1]
Her life in the monastery is said to have gone relatively smoothly for about twenty years after she joined.[1] However, she would have been accused by a female visitor of attempting to rape her.[1] The hagiographies assert her innocence, claiming that the truth was that the accuser had actually tried to seduce her and, failing to do so, resolved to accuse her of rape instead.[1]
She is said to have accepted the accusations and even apologized.[1] However, when the bishop of Eleutheropolis visited the monastery to assess the situation and conduct his own investigation, she revealed that she was a woman to two virgin nuns.[1][2] The bishop, moved by her faith, decided to consecrate her as a deaconess and invited her to accompany him back to Eleutheropolis.[1][2]
In that city, she would later have been martyred by a man named Alexander after refusing to "sacrifice to the idols".[1] Susanna would reportedly have had her breasts cut off, which would then have been miraculously restored by God.[1][2] She would subsequently have been forced to drink molted lead, but when this also would have failed to kill her, she would finally have been beaten and executed by being burned at the stake.[1]
Legacy
[edit]Anastasios Quaestor and/or Balbos, two famous Byzantine hymnographers of the 9th century, have composed several canons in her honor.[3] Her memory is commemorated on 15 December in the Eastern Orthodox Church.[4][5]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Saint Susanna the Deaconess and Martyr". Archived from the original on 2024-12-15. Retrieved 2024-12-15.
- ^ a b c d e f g Άρχων (2023-09-19). "Διακόνισσα, ασκήτρια και μάρτυς των Ιεροσολύμων Αγία Οσιομάρτυς Σωσάννα". Arxon.gr (in Greek). Retrieved 2024-12-15.
- ^ Prieto Domínguez, Óscar, ed. (2021), "The Secular Milieux and Their Rewriting of the Second Iconoclasm: The Aristocracy, the Army, the Court and the Imperial Family", Literary Circles in Byzantine Iconoclasm: Patrons, Politics and Saints, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 270, ISBN 978-1-108-49130-3, archived from the original on 2024-12-15, retrieved 2024-12-15
- ^ "www.synaxaristis - ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ". www.synaxarion.gr. Retrieved 2024-12-15.
- ^ "December 15, 2022. + Orthodox Calendar". orthochristian.com. Archived from the original on 2024-12-15. Retrieved 2024-12-15.