Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/qulu

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *quluh.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʔulu/, /qulu/

Noun

*qulu

head (part of the body)

Descendants

Philippine
- Batanic
  - Yami: oo
  - Ivatan: uhu
  - Ibatan: oho
- Northern Luzon
  - Ilocano: olo
  - Cagayan Valley
    - Isnag: olo
    - Itawit: ulu
    - Yogad: ulu
  - Meso-Cordilleran
    - Central Cordilleran
      - Limos Kalinga: ulu
      - Batad Ifugao: ūlu
      - Tuwali Ifugao: ulu
    - Southern Cordilleran
      - Pangasinan: olo
      - Keley-I Kallahan: uluk
  - Northeastern Luzon
    - Casiguran Dumagat Agta: ulo
- Central Luzon
  - Abenlen Ayta: ō
  - Mag-Anchi Ayta: ulo
  - Bolinao: ulo
- Northern Mindoro
  - Alangan: ulo
  - Tadyawan: ulo
- Greater Central Philippine
  - Central Philippine
    - Tagalog: ulo
    - Visayan
      - Cebu
        Cebuano: ulo
      - Central
        Capiznon: ulo
        
        Hiligaynon: ulo
        
        Waray-Waray: ulo
      - Western
        Aklanon: ueo
        
        Kinaray-a: ulo
        
        Ratagnon: ulo
      - Southern
        Tausug: ū
        
        Butuanon: oo
    - Mansakan
      - Mansaka: oro
      - Tagakaulu Kalagan: ulu
  - South Mangyan
    - Hanunoo: 'úlu
  - Manobo
    - Higaonon: ulo
    - Matigsalug Manobo: ulu
    - Western Bukidnon Manobo: ulu
  - Subanen
    - Central Subanen: ulu, gulu
    - Western Subanon: gulu
  - Danao
    - Maranao: olo
    - Maguindanao: ulu
  - Gorontalo–Mongondow
    - Mongondow: ulu
    - Ponosakan: ulu
- Kalamian
  - Agutaynen: kolo
  - Calamian Tagbanwa: kulu
- South Mindanao
  - Tboli: kulu
- Ati: olo
- Giangan: ullu
- Sangiric
  - Sangir: ulru
  - ⇒ Talaud: ulrune
- Minahasan
  - Tonsea: udu
Barito
- East Barito
  - Ma'anyan: ulu
  - Dusun Witu: ulu
- West Barito
  - Ngaju: hulo
North Bornean
- Northeast Sabahan
  - Ida'an: ulu
  - Bonggi: ulu
- Southwest Sabahan
  - Dusunic
    - Central Dusun: tulu
    - Coastal Kadazan: tuhu
    - Rungus: ulu
  - Murutic
    - Timugon Murut: ulu
    - Southern Tidung: ulu
  - Paitanic
    - Tombonuo: ulu
    - Upper Kinabatangan: ulu
- North Sarawakan
  - Bintulu: ulew
  - Berawan–Lower Baram
    - Berawan: uloh
  - Dayic (Apo Duat)
    - Kelabit: uluh
    - Lun Bawang: uluh
  - Kenyah
    - Bakung: ulu
    - Eastern Penan: ulun
    - Western Penan: ulun
- Central Sarawakan
  - Melanau
    - Central Melanau: ulou
    - Daro-Matu Melanau: ulo
  - Kajang
    - Kajaman: uleu
Moklenic
- Moken: kolo
Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
- Batak
  - North
    - Karo Batak: ulu
  - South
    - Angkola Batak: ulu
    - Toba Batak: ulu
    - Mandailing Batak: ulu
- Gayo: ulu
- Simeulue: ulu
- Enggano: e-udu
Rejang: uleu
Lampungic
- Komering: hulu
- Abung: ulew
- Lampung Api: hulu, ulu
Malayo-Sumbawan
- Chamic
  - Acehnese: ulèë
- Malayic: *hulu(ʔ)
  - Iban: ulu
  - Malay: hulu, ulu (dated)
    - Indonesian: hulu
    - → Chinese: 烏魯／乌鲁 (Wūlǔ)
    - → English: ulu
  - Urak Lawoi': ฮูลู (hulu)
- Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
  - Balinese: ᬳᬸᬮᬸ (ulu)
  - Sasak: ulu
- Sundanese: ᮠᮥᮜᮥ (hulu)
Old Javanese: hulu
- Javanese: ꦲꦸꦭꦸ (ulu)
South Sulawesi
- Tamanic
  - Embaloh: ulu
- Northern
  - Duri: ulu
  - Tae': ulu
  - Mandar: ulu
- Makassaric
  - Makasar: ᨕᨘᨒᨘ (ulu)
Celebic
- Saluan–Banggai
  - Banggai: ulu
- Muna–Buton
  - Muna: ghulu
- Kaili–Pamona
  - Pamona: uyu
  - Uma: ulu
- Bungku–Tolaki
  - Mori Atas: ulu
  - Wawonii: ulu
- Tomini–Tolitoli
  - Tajio: ulu
- Wotu–Wolio
  - Wolio: ulu
Chamorro: ulu
Central Malayo-Polynesian
- Bima: ulu
- Sumba–Flores
  - Sumba–Hawu
    - Sabu: uru
    - Kambera: ulu
  - Western Flores
    - Manggarai–Rembong
      - Manggarai: ulu
      - Riung: ulu
    - Central Flores
      - Ngadha: ulu
      - Ke'o: ulu
- Flores–Lembata
  - Sika: 'ulu
- Selaru: usu
- Kei–Tanimbar
  - Yamdena: ulu
  - Fordata: ulu
  - Kei: uu
- Timoric
  - Tetum: ulun
  - Leti: ulu
- Aru
  - Kola: ulu
  - Dobel: kwulu
- Central Maluku
  - Western
    - Buru (Indonesia): olo
    - Ambelau: olo
  - Eastern
    - Banda–Geser
      - Watubela: kulu
    - East Seram
      - Bobot: ulin
      - Masiwang: ulin
    - Nunusaku
      - Saparua: uru
      - Manipa: lu
- Taliabu: ulu
Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- Halmahera–Cenderawasih
  - Buli (Indonesia): ulu
- Oceanic: *qulu
  - Admiralty Islands
    - Nauna: kulu
    - Khehek: ulu
  - Western Oceanic
    - North New Guinea
      - Sio: kulu
    - Meso-Melanesian
      - Tolai: ul
      - Cheke Holo: ulu
      - Simbo: ulu
    - Papuan Tip
      - Suau: ulu
      - Saliba (New Guinea): kulu
      - Bwanabwana: kulukulu
  - Central-Eastern Oceanic
    - Southeast Solomonic
      - Bugotu–Gela
        Bughotu: ulu
        
        Gela: ulu
      - Malaita–Makira
        'Are'are: uru
        
        Lau: ulu
        
        Sa'a: ulu
    - Micronesian
      - Chuukese: wúún
      - Puluwat: wúl
    - Central Pacific
      - Western Fijian: ulu
      - Fijian: ulu
      - Polynesian: *qulu
        Tongic
        Tongan: ʻulu
        
        Niuean: ulu
        
        Samoic–Outlier
        Ellicean
        Tuvaluan: ulu
        
        Kapingamarangi: ulu
        
        Futunic
        Anuta: uru
        
        Futuna-Aniwa: uru
        
        East Futuna: 'ulu
        
        Samoic
        Samoan: ulu
        
        Tokelauan: ulu
        
        Niuatoputapu: ulu
        
        Eastern Polynesian
        Marquesic
        North Marquesan: uʻu
        
        South Marquesan: uʻu
        
        Tahitic
        Tahitian: uru
        
        Maori: uru

References

Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *quluh.