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This is a Swadesh list of words in Lombard English .
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
№ English Lombardlombard edit (207) 1 I (1sg )mì 2 you (2sg )tì 3 he , she , it (3sg )lù lüü 4 we (1pl )nun nüm 5 you (2pl )violter viòltar viotar 6 they (3pl )luur 7 this quell … chì cal … ché chì queschì isto 8 that quell … lì cal … lé lì 9 here chì chichinscì chiloo scià 10 there lì lé là 11 who chiè s'cè chiè che s'cè che 12 what cosè cusè sa 13 where indoè inde 14 when quaant quand 15 how comè 16 not minga mìa méa nò 17 all tutt tüt töt tucc tücc tücòos tuscòss 18 many paricc assee tanc 19 some on quaj 20 few pòcch 21 other olter òltar otar 22 one vun vün 23 two duu düü dò dó 24 three trii tré trè 25 four quater quatar 26 five ciinch 27 big graant gross 28 long luunch 29 wide laarch 30 thick èrtegh 31 heavy gréef ch'el dà al pées 32 small pinìn 33 short cüürt 34 narrow stréeng strénc strècc 35 thin fin sutiir màgher 36 woman dòna 37 man (adult male)óm òmm 38 man (human being)persóna òmen 39 child bagaj bagajìn fioeu tuus 40 wife miée dòna 41 husband marii òmm 42 mother mamm mam 43 father pà pader 44 animal bèstia 45 fish pèss 46 bird üsèl 47 dog caŋ 48 louse piöcc 49 snake biss 50 worm giuanìŋ biótt cagnon 51 tree piànta piònta 52 forest busch 53 stick bastùŋ 54 fruit früt 55 seed soménza suménza 56 leaf föja foeuja 57 root sciocch sciùch 58 bark (of a tree)scòrza pèll 59 flower fiuur fiùu 60 grass èrba 61 rope còrda 62 skin pèll 63 meat càrna 64 blood sàanch 65 bone òss 66 fat (noun)grass 67 egg ööf oeuf 68 horn còrnu 69 tail cùa 70 feather pèna badina piüm 71 hair cavèj 72 head coo cràpa 73 ear urégia 74 eye oeugg öcc 75 nose naas 76 mouth buca 77 tooth dinc déent 78 tongue (organ)léngua 79 fingernail üngia 80 foot pè 81 leg gàmba garon 82 knee genoeugg genöcc ginöcc 83 hand maŋ 84 wing àla 85 belly borigia venter pànza 86 guts büèl buvell 87 neck còl 88 back s'céna r'céna schèna 89 breast pecc 90 heart cöör coeur 91 liver fidegh fìdech 92 to drink béef trincà 93 to eat mangià majà maeà magnà 94 to bite cagnà sgagnà 95 to suck sciüscià ciücà 96 to spit spüà spuvà 97 to vomit trà sù trà sü 98 to blow boffà bufà 99 to breathe fiadà 100 to laugh ghignà riit 101 to see vedè véet 102 to hear sentì 103 to know savè cognoss cugnuss 104 to think pensà 105 to smell spuzà fà uduur savè desentì de106 to fear vecch pagüra sgagiass strimiss 107 to sleep durmì dörmì 108 to live viif 109 to die murì 110 to kill mazà cupà 111 to fight fà guèra cumbàtt 112 to hunt cascià 113 to hit trüssà picà ciappà 114 to cut tajà mucià fà giò scürtà 115 to split spartì separà 116 to stab sbögià infulcinà 117 to scratch sfrisà sbregà sgarbelà sgraffignà 118 to dig scavà rugà fà giò ona zocca spalà foeu 119 to swim nudà nuà 120 to fly sgorà sgurà 121 to walk caminà 122 to come vegnì vegnì scià 123 to lie (as in a bed) stravacass giòtrass là slongass giò 124 to sit setass giò 125 to stand vess in peestà sù drizz126 to turn (intransitive) voltass girà 127 to fall burlà giò 128 to give dà 129 to hold tegnì 130 to squeeze schiscià 131 to rub strusà gratà fregà sù 132 to wash lavà sgorà 133 to wipe sügà 134 to pull tirà in scià135 to push rüzà 136 to throw slanzà trà per aritirà 137 to tie ligà sü fà sù 138 to sew cüsì 139 to count cüntà 140 to say dì 141 to sing cantà 142 to play giügà 143 to float stà dessoravìa andà a gala stà a gala stà sü 144 to flow sculà 145 to freeze gelà 146 to swell sgonfià 147 sun suu 148 moon lüna 149 star stéla 150 water aqua 151 rain pioèuva 152 river fjüm 153 lake laach 154 sea maar 155 salt saa saal 156 stone sass 157 sand gèra 158 dust pùlvura 159 earth tèra 160 cloud nìgula 161 fog nèbia 162 sky cél 163 wind veent 164 snow neef 165 ice giàz 166 smoke fumèra 167 fire föög 168 ash scindra 169 to burn brüsà 170 road strada via 171 mountain muunt 172 red rós 173 green veert 174 yellow giàalt 175 white biàanch 176 black négar 177 night nòcc 178 day dì 179 year aŋ 180 warm caalt 181 cold frecc 182 full piéŋ 183 new nööf 184 old vécc 185 good bóŋ 186 bad catìif 187 rotten mars 188 dirty tenc 189 straight driss 190 round rudùund rudùunt 191 sharp (as a knife)güz 192 dull (as a knife)mucch 193 smooth liss 194 wet ümit 195 dry sech 196 correct giüst 197 near visìŋ 198 far luntàŋ 199 right dèstra 200 left sinistra 201 at a em 202 in in in da 203 with con 204 and e 205 if se 206 because parchè 207 name nóm
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